pytest之fixture使用详解

2022-09-06 11:21:54 浏览数 (1)

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简介:

  fixture区别于unnitest的传统单元测试(setup/teardown)有显著改进:

  1.有独立的命名,并通过声明它们从测试函数、模块、类或整个项目中的使用来激活。

  2.按模块化的方式实现,每个fixture都可以互相调用。

  3.fixture的范围从简单的单元测试到复杂的功能测试,可以对fixture配置参数,或者跨函数function,类class,模块module或整个测试session范围。

fixture可以当做参数传入

定义fixture跟定义普通函数差不多,唯一区别就是在函数上加个装饰器@pytest.fixture(),fixture命名不要以test开头,跟用例区分开。fixture是有返回值得,没有返回值默认为None。用例调用fixture的返回值,直接就是把fixture的函数名称当做变量名称。

代码语言:javascript复制
# 作者         :admin   
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def test_01():
    a = 5
    return a

def test_02(test_01):
    assert test_01 == 5
    print("断言成功")



============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: E:daimaProject_testtest_demo, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0
collected 1 item

test_demo_pytest_fixture.py 断言成功
.

========================== 1 passed in 0.17 seconds ===========================

使用多个fixture

如果用例需要用到多个fixture的返回数据,fixture也可以返回一个元祖,list或字典,然后从里面取出对应数据。

代码语言:javascript复制
# 作者         :admin   
import pytest
@pytest.fixture()
def test_01():
    a = 5
    b = 6
    return (a, b)

def test_02(test_01):
    a = test_01[0]
    b = test_01[1]
    assert a < b
    print("断言成功")





Launching py.test with arguments E:/daima/Project_test/test_demo/test_demo_pytest_fixture.py in E:daimaProject_testtest_demo

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: E:daimaProject_testtest_demo, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0collected 1 item

test_demo_pytest_fixture.py .断言成功
                                            [100%]

========================== 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===========================
Process finished with exit code 0

fixture的作用范围(scope)

ixture里面有个scope参数可以控制fixture的作用范围:session>module>class>function

-function:每一个函数或方法都会调用

-class:每一个类调用一次,一个类中可以有多个方法

-module:每一个.py文件调用一次,该文件内又有多个function和class

-session:是多个文件调用一次,可以跨.py文件调用,每个.py文件就是module

代码示例:

代码语言:javascript复制
# 作者         :admin   
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def test_01():
    a = 5
    b = 6
    return (a, b)


class TestNum:
    def test_02(self,test_01):
        a = test_01[0]
        b = test_01[1]
        assert a < b
        print("断言成功")


Launching py.test with arguments E:/daima/Project_test/test_demo/test_demo_pytest_fixture.py in E:daimaProject_testtest_demo

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: E:daimaProject_testtest_demo, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0collected 1 item

test_demo_pytest_fixture.py .断言成功
                                            [100%]

========================== 1 passed in 0.02 seconds ===========================
Process finished with exit code 0

调用fixture的三种方法

1.函数或类里面方法直接传fixture的函数参数名称

注释:代码详见上图

2.使用装饰器@pytest.mark.usefixtures()修饰需要运行的用例

代码语言:javascript复制
# 作者         :admin   
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def test_01():
    a = 5
    b = 6
    return (a, b)

@pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_01")
class TestNum:
    def test_02(self,test_01):
        a = test_01[0]
        b = test_01[1]
        assert a < b
        print("断言成功")


Launching py.test with arguments E:/daima/Project_test/test_demo/test_demo_pytest_fixture.py in E:daimaProject_testtest_demo

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: E:daimaProject_testtest_demo, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0collected 1 item

test_demo_pytest_fixture.py .断言成功
                                            [100%]

========================== 1 passed in 0.02 seconds ===========================
Process finished with exit code 0

3.叠加usefixtures

如果一个方法或者一个class用例想要同时调用多个fixture,可以使用@pytest.mark.usefixture()进行叠加。注意叠加顺序,先执行的放底层,后执行的放上层。

代码语言:javascript复制
# 作者         :admin   
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def test_01():
    a = 5
    b = 6
    return (a, b)

@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def test_02():
    print("你是第二个执行")


@pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_02")
@pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_01")
class TestNum:
    def test_03(self,test_01):
        a = test_01[0]
        b = test_01[1]
        assert a < b
        print("断言成功")


Launching py.test with arguments E:/daima/Project_test/test_demo/test_demo_pytest_fixture.py in E:daimaProject_testtest_demo

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: E:daimaProject_testtest_demo, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0collected 1 item

test_demo_pytest_fixture.py 你是第二个执行
.断言成功
                                            [100%]

========================== 1 passed in 0.02 seconds ===========================
Process finished with exit code 0

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