文章目录- 1. 安装测试
- 2. qt 设计师 designer
- 3. 布局管理
- 3.1 使用布局管理器布局
- 3.2 使用容器布局
- 3.3 实践
- 3.4 窗体布局
- 3.5 设置伙伴关系
- 3.6 tab键顺序
- 3.7 Eric 使用
- 4. 信号、槽关联
- 4.1 简单入门
- 4.2 进阶
- 5. 菜单与工具
- 5.1 加载其他窗口
- 主窗体 py
- 子窗口 py
- 调用主程序 py
- 测试
- 6. 打包资源
- 3.1 使用布局管理器布局
- 3.2 使用容器布局
- 3.3 实践
- 3.4 窗体布局
- 3.5 设置伙伴关系
- 3.6 tab键顺序
- 3.7 Eric 使用
- 4.1 简单入门
- 4.2 进阶
- 5.1 加载其他窗口
- 主窗体 py
- 子窗口 py
- 调用主程序 py
- 测试
learn from 《PyQt5 快速开发与实战》
1. 安装测试
代码语言：javascript复制# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/4/4 23:11
# @Author : Michael
# @File : myfirst_qt1.py
# @desc :
# 安装 pip install pyqt5, pyqt5-tools
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
widget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
widget.resize(360, 360)
widget.setWindowTitle('hello Michael, First Qt 应用')
widget.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/4/4 23:26
# @Author : Michael
# @File : first_window.py
# @desc :
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QMessageBox
class winform(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(winform, self).__init__(parent)
self.setGeometry(100, 100, 700, 350) # 窗口左上角的坐标，窗口宽高
self.setWindowTitle('第一个窗口')
quit = QPushButton('点击退出', self)
quit.setGeometry(20, 10, 100, 35)
quit.setStyleSheet("background-color: brown")
quit.clicked.connect(self.close)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = winform()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
2. qt 设计师 designer
我的路径是：D:ProgramDataAnaconda3envscvLibsite-packagesqt5_applicationsQtbindesigner.exe
拖出一个按钮
保存 firstwindow.ui 文件，可以转成 py 代码
代码语言：javascript复制pyuic5 -o firstui.py firstwindow.ui 3. 布局管理
3.1 使用布局管理器布局
3.2 使用容器布局
右键下图 Frame 进行水平 布局
3.3 实践
拖出一些控件
左侧（有四个label，最上面一个显示的字符为空），进行垂直布局
spacers 表示布局不要挨在一起
display Widgets -> Vertical Line 表示左右两个布局管理器不是同一个类别，把他们区分开
选中所有布局，右键，水平布局
3.4 窗体布局
不选中任务控件，右键选择布局
打破布局：布局错了很多步，比撤销方便
3.5 设置伙伴关系
3.6 tab键顺序
3.7 Eric 使用
Eric6安装使用
使用 eric 可以快速的调试 UI 界面
编译完，会自动生成脚本，点击运行
4. 信号、槽关联
信号发射，连接的槽函数将会自动执行，连接使用QObject.signal.connect()
添加方法：
- 窗口UI设计中添加
- 写代码连接信号、槽
- Eric
“生成对话框代码”的功能
4.1 简单入门
创建 Widget 窗口，实现一个关闭按钮
拖入button，更改 text 为显示的文字，更改objectName 为 closeWin
使用 Eric 测试
4.2 进阶
接下来可以使用 命令行编译窗体，也可以使用 Eric “生成对话框代码”，使用后者来操作
右键ui文件，先编译窗体，再生成对话框代码
文件夹下多了一个 py 文件
代码语言：javascript复制# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Module implementing Form.
"""
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget
from .Ui_signal_slog1 import Ui_Form
class Form(QWidget, Ui_Form):
"""
Class documentation goes here.
"""
def __init__(self, parent=None):
"""
Constructor
@param parent reference to the parent widget (defaults to None)
@type QWidget (optional)
"""
super(Form, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
@pyqtSlot(bool)
def on_select_box_clicked(self, checked):
"""
Slot documentation goes here.
@param checked DESCRIPTION
@type bool
"""
# TODO: not implemented yet
raise NotImplementedError上面代码还没有实现，修改代码后：
代码语言：javascript复制# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Module implementing Form.
"""
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from Ui_signal_slog1 import Ui_Form
class Form(QWidget, Ui_Form):
"""
Class documentation goes here.
"""
def __init__(self, parent=None):
"""
Constructor
@param parent reference to the parent widget (defaults to None)
@type QWidget (optional)
"""
super(Form, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
self.select_box.setChecked(True) # 设置默认是选中状态
@pyqtSlot(bool)
def on_select_box_clicked(self, checked):
"""
Slot documentation goes here.
@param checked DESCRIPTION
@type bool
"""
self.label_display.setVisible(checked)
self.lineEdit.setEnabled(checked)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
form = Form()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
也可以在 Qt 中编辑
5. 菜单与工具
新建 mainWindow
输入 文件(&F)括号内是快捷键设置
子菜单
添加快捷键
添加工具栏
添加动作
添加信号、槽
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'D:gitcodePython_learningqtch1menu_bar_tool_bar.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
# Ui_menu_bar_tool_bar.py
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(422, 161)
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 422, 26))
self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
self.menu_F = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
self.menu_F.setObjectName("menu_F")
self.menu = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
self.menu.setObjectName("menu")
MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
self.toolBar = QtWidgets.QToolBar(MainWindow)
self.toolBar.setObjectName("toolBar")
MainWindow.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.TopToolBarArea, self.toolBar)
self.actionopen_O = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.actionopen_O.setObjectName("actionopen_O")
self.actionnew_N = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.actionnew_N.setObjectName("actionnew_N")
self.actionclose = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.actionclose.setObjectName("actionclose")
self.addWinAction = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.addWinAction.setObjectName("addWinAction")
self.menu_F.addAction(self.actionopen_O)
self.menu_F.addAction(self.actionnew_N)
self.menu_F.addAction(self.actionclose)
self.menubar.addAction(self.menu_F.menuAction())
self.menubar.addAction(self.menu.menuAction())
self.toolBar.addAction(self.addWinAction)
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
self.actionclose.triggered.connect(MainWindow.close)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
self.menu_F.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "文件(&F)"))
self.menu.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "编辑(E)"))
self.toolBar.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "toolBar"))
self.actionopen_O.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "open(O)"))
self.actionopen_O.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl O"))
self.actionnew_N.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "new(N)"))
self.actionclose.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "close"))
self.addWinAction.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "添加窗体"))
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
ui = Ui_MainWindow()
ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
MainWindow.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# menu_bar_tool_bar.py
"""
Module implementing MainWindow.
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication, QFileDialog
from Ui_menu_bar_tool_bar import Ui_MainWindow
class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
"""
Class documentation goes here.
"""
def __init__(self, parent=None):
"""
Constructor
@param parent reference to the parent widget (defaults to None)
@type QWidget (optional)
"""
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
self.actionclose.triggered.connect(self.on_actionclose_triggered)
self.actionopen_O.triggered.connect(self.on_actionopen_O_triggered)
@pyqtSlot()
def on_actionnew_N_triggered(self):
"""
Slot documentation goes here.
"""
# TODO: not implemented yet
raise NotImplementedError
@pyqtSlot()
def on_actionclose_triggered(self):
"""
Slot documentation goes here.
"""
self.statusbar.showMessage("再见！")
@pyqtSlot()
def on_actionopen_O_triggered(self):
"""
Slot documentation goes here.
"""
file, ok = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "打开", "D:/", "ALL Files(*);; Text Files(*TxT)")
self.statusbar.showMessage(file)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = MainWindow()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
5.1 加载其他窗口
- 新建 ui
使用 Eric 编译两个 UI 文件，并做修改
主窗体 py
代码语言：javascript复制# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'D:gitcodePython_learningqtch1menu_bar_tool_bar.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
# Ui_menu_bar_tool_bar.py
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(401, 328)
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
self.gridLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.gridLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(-1, -1, 611, 441))
self.gridLayoutWidget.setObjectName("gridLayoutWidget")
self.gridlayout1 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.gridLayoutWidget)
self.gridlayout1.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.gridlayout1.setObjectName("gridlayout1")
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 401, 26))
self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
self.menu_F = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
self.menu_F.setObjectName("menu_F")
self.menu = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
self.menu.setObjectName("menu")
MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
self.toolBar = QtWidgets.QToolBar(MainWindow)
self.toolBar.setObjectName("toolBar")
MainWindow.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.TopToolBarArea, self.toolBar)
self.actionopen_O = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.actionopen_O.setObjectName("actionopen_O")
self.actionnew_N = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.actionnew_N.setObjectName("actionnew_N")
self.actionclose = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.actionclose.setObjectName("actionclose")
self.addWinAction = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
self.addWinAction.setObjectName("addWinAction")
self.menu_F.addAction(self.actionopen_O)
self.menu_F.addAction(self.actionnew_N)
self.menu_F.addAction(self.actionclose)
self.menubar.addAction(self.menu_F.menuAction())
self.menubar.addAction(self.menu.menuAction())
self.toolBar.addAction(self.addWinAction)
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
self.menu_F.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "文件(&F)"))
self.menu.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "编辑(E)"))
self.toolBar.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "toolBar"))
self.actionopen_O.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "open(O)"))
self.actionopen_O.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl O"))
self.actionnew_N.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "new(N)"))
self.actionclose.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "close"))
self.addWinAction.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "添加窗体"))
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
ui = Ui_MainWindow()
ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
MainWindow.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())子窗口 py
代码语言：javascript复制# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'D:gitcodePython_learningqtch1childform2.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
# Ui_childform2.py
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class ui_childform(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(479, 332)
MainWindow.setStyleSheet("")
self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(MainWindow)
self.textEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(90, 100, 131, 31))
self.textEdit.setObjectName("textEdit")
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Form"))
self.textEdit.setHtml(_translate("MainWindow", "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">n"
"<html><head><meta name="qrichtext" content="1" /><style type="text/css">n"
"p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; }n"
"</style></head><body style=" font-family:'SimSun'; font-size:9pt; font-weight:400; font-style:normal;">n"
"<p style=" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;">我是子窗口内容</p></body></html>"))
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
ui = ui_childform()
ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
MainWindow.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())调用主程序 py
代码语言：javascript复制# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# childform2.py
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QWidget, QApplication, QFileDialog
from Ui_childform2 import ui_childform
from Ui_menu_bar_tool_bar import Ui_MainWindow
class MainWindow_withchild(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(MainWindow_withchild, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
self.child = my_childform() # 创建子窗口实例
self.actionclose.triggered.connect(self.close)
self.actionopen_O.triggered.connect(self.openMsg)
self.addWinAction.triggered.connect(self.childshow)
def childshow(self):
self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.child)
self.child.show()
def openMsg(self):
file, ok = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "打开", "C:/", "All Files (*);;Text Files (*.txt)")
# 在状态栏显示文件地址
self.statusbar.showMessage(file)
class my_childform(QWidget, ui_childform):
def __init__(self):
super(my_childform, self).__init__()
self.setupUi(self)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = MainWindow_withchild()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())测试
6. 打包资源
将资源转换成 python 文件
步骤：
- 新建资源
- Qt 新建 widget 窗口，添加资源
- 查看文件
<RCC>
<qresource prefix="img">
<file>img/1.jpg</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>- 使用文件
- 转换 ui 到 py文件，使用 eric 操作，或者使用命令行
- 转换资源文件
pyrcc5 .apprcc.qrc -o apprcc_rc.py import导入生成的文件apprcc_rc.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'D:gitcodePython_learningqtch1add_resource.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
# Ui_add_resource.py
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_Form(object):
def setupUi(self, Form):
Form.setObjectName("Form")
Form.resize(400, 300)
self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 30, 351, 231))
self.label.setText("")
self.label.setPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/img/img/1.jpg"))
self.label.setObjectName("label")
self.retranslateUi(Form)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)
def retranslateUi(self, Form):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
import apprcc_rc
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
Form = QtWidgets.QWidget()
ui = Ui_Form()
ui.setupUi(Form)
Form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())调用
代码语言：javascript复制# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# add_resource.py
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from Ui_add_resource import Ui_Form
class Form(QWidget, Ui_Form):
"""
Class documentation goes here.
"""
def __init__(self, parent=None):
"""
Constructor
@param parent reference to the parent widget (defaults to None)
@type QWidget (optional)
"""
super(Form, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = Form()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
