ALV报表在SAP系统里面几乎随处可见，只要跟报表有关的系统都会制作成ALV的形式。像SE11里面查看表格的内容，系统就以ALV的形式体现，在报表里面可以对任何的栏位进行排序，还可以对任何的列进行筛选，也可以导出成Excel文档，也能对数值列进行汇总。可以说ALV的报表在实际报表的开发中占有非常重要的地位。学会它是每个ABAPer必须要经过的一关。
目前实现ALV的形式报表主要有2种：调用函数REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY和用面向对象的方法实现。前一种比较普遍，不过性能好像不太高，如果查询语句写得不太精妙，很容易出现卡的情况。后者是采用面向对象的形式，事先在画面上画出一个控制区域，然后用代码的形式填充ALV进去。
现在着重介绍第二种方法。
1、首先在SE38里面新建一个程序：
2、保存退出，在SE51里面新建屏幕100：
3、打开格式，准备在上面画出一个控制区域：
4、然后在代码页里将状态，事件添加进去，同时在PBO里面添加一个MODULE，用于载入ALV报表：
5、回到SE38里面打开新建的程序，添加一个INCLUDE ZALV_OO 程序，将与ALV有关的代码放进去封装起来，这样以后所有的程序都可以调用：
INCLUDE ZALV_OO.
相关代码如下：
*ALV变量设定
DATA GR_ALVGRID TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_ALV_GRID . DATA GC_CUSTOM_CONTROL_NAME TYPE SCRFNAME VALUE 'CC_ALV'. "对应我们画的控制区的名称 DATA GR_CCONTAINER TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER . *---栏位 DATA GT_FIELDCAT TYPE LVC_T_FCAT . *---布局 DATA GS_LAYOUT TYPE LVC_S_LAYO . *个人定义的变量 DATA: SET_COLOR TYPE I, DECI_COUNT TYPE P, CHR_COUNT(8) TYPE C, TITLE(50) TYPE C, ALL_FIELD TYPE I, ALL_FIELD1 TYPE I, LV_INDEX TYPE I, TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX, TMP_TITLE TYPE STRING. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form display_alv *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * 显示ALV报表 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM DISPLAY_ALV USING IT_TABLE TYPE TABLE. IF GR_ALVGRID IS INITIAL . *----新建容器，填充到我们画的控制区域 CREATE OBJECT GR_CCONTAINER EXPORTING CONTAINER_NAME = GC_CUSTOM_CONTROL_NAME "这个地方前面已经赋值了 EXCEPTIONS CNTL_ERROR = 1 CNTL_SYSTEM_ERROR = 2 CREATE_ERROR = 3 LIFETIME_ERROR = 4 LIFETIME_DYNPRO_DYNPRO_LINK = 5 OTHERS = 6. IF SY-SUBRC EQ 0. *----容器新建成功，然后在此容器里面新建ALV的实例 CREATE OBJECT GR_ALVGRID EXPORTING I_PARENT = GR_CCONTAINER EXCEPTIONS ERROR_CNTL_CREATE = 1 ERROR_CNTL_INIT = 2 ERROR_CNTL_LINK = 3 ERROR_DP_CREATE = 4 OTHERS = 5. IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. ENDIF. *----准备获取栏位列表 PERFORM SETFIELDS. "*-----设置布局 PERFORM PREPARE_LAYOUT CHANGING GS_LAYOUT .
*准备完毕，显示ALV CALL METHOD GR_ALVGRID->SET_TABLE_FOR_FIRST_DISPLAY EXPORTING * I_BUFFER_ACTIVE = * I_CONSISTENCY_CHECK = * I_STRUCTURE_NAME = * IS_VARIANT = * I_SAVE = * I_DEFAULT = 'X' IS_LAYOUT = GS_LAYOUT * IS_PRINT = * IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS = * IT_TOOLBAR_EXCLUDING = * IT_HYPERLINK = CHANGING IT_OUTTAB = IT_TABLE[] "设置成自己的内表 IT_FIELDCATALOG = GT_FIELDCAT * IT_SORT = * IT_FILTER = EXCEPTIONS INVALID_PARAMETER_COMBINATION = 1 PROGRAM_ERROR = 2 TOO_MANY_LINES = 3 OTHERS = 4 . IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. ENDIF. *刷新ALV CALL METHOD GR_ALVGRID->REFRESH_TABLE_DISPLAY * EXPORTING * IS_STABLE = * I_SOFT_REFRESH = EXCEPTIONS FINISHED = 1 OTHERS = 2 . IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. *--Exception handling ENDIF. ENDIF . ENDIF.
*状态栏里面显示本报表名称和记录等信息 CHR_COUNT = DECI_COUNT. CONDENSE CHR_COUNT. CONCATENATE TMP_TITLE '，共' CHR_COUNT '笔记录' INTO TITLE. MESSAGE TITLE TYPE 'S'.
ENDFORM . "display_alv *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form prepare_layout *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * ALV属性，具体属性意义请参考LVC_S_LAYO *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * -->PS_LAYOUT text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM PREPARE_LAYOUT CHANGING PS_LAYOUT TYPE LVC_S_LAYO. PS_LAYOUT-ZEBRA = 'X' . PS_LAYOUT-GRID_TITLE = TITLE . PS_LAYOUT-SMALLTITLE = 'X' . PS_LAYOUT-SEL_MODE = 'A'. PS_LAYOUT-INFO_FNAME = 'COLOR'. PS_LAYOUT-CWIDTH_OPT = 'X'. PS_LAYOUT-DETAILINIT = 'X'. ENDFORM. " prepare_layout *设置ALV表栏位的宏 DEFINE DSETFIELDS. DATA LS_FCAT TYPE LVC_S_FCAT . LS_FCAT-FIELDNAME = &1. LS_FCAT-INTTYPE = 'C' . LS_FCAT-OUTPUTLEN = &3. LS_FCAT-COLTEXT = &2. LS_FCAT-SELTEXT = &2. APPEND LS_FCAT TO GT_FIELDCAT . END-OF-DEFINITION. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& FORM SETFIELDS *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * 调用宏设置栏位 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM SETFIELD USING TMP_FIELD TYPE C TMP_NAME TYPE C TMP_LENGTH TYPE I. DSETFIELDS TMP_FIELD TMP_NAME TMP_LENGTH. ENDFORM. "SETFIELDS
6、设定完INCLUDE之后，在主程序里面新建一个内表：
TABLES:SFLIGHT. DATA:BEGIN OF IT_SFLIGHT OCCURS 0, CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID, CONNID LIKE SFLIGHT-CONNID, FLDATE LIKE SFLIGHT-FLDATE, PRICE LIKE SFLIGHT-PRICE, COLOR(4) TYPE C, END OF IT_SFLIGHT.
START-OF-SELECTION. PERFORM GETDATA. "读取数据 CALL SCREEN 100. "呼叫屏幕
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form SETFIELDS *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * 设置栏位 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM SETFIELDS. PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'CARRID' '航线承运人ID' 3. PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'CONNID' '航班连接 Id' 4. PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'FLDATE' '航班日期' 8. PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'PRICE' '航空运费' 15. ENDFORM. "SETFIELDS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Module DISPLAY_ALV OUTPUT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * 在PBO里面传入内表内容以ALV展现 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* MODULE DISPLAY_ALV OUTPUT. PERFORM DISPLAY_ALV USING IT_SFLIGHT[]. ENDMODULE. " DISPLAY_ALV OUTPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form GETDATA *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * 读取数据 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * --> p1 text * <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM GETDATA . DATA:SET_COLOR TYPE I. SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE IT_SFLIGHT FROM SFLIGHT WHERE CARRID IN S_CARRID AND CONNID IN S_CONNID AND FLDATE IN S_FLDATE AND PRICE IN S_PRICE. DESCRIBE TABLE IT_SFLIGHT LINES DECI_COUNT. "获取记录数 LOOP AT IT_SFLIGHT. SET_COLOR = SY-TABIX MOD 2. IF SET_COLOR = 0. IT_SFLIGHT-COLOR = 'C500'. "设置颜色 ELSE. CLEAR IT_SFLIGHT-COLOR. ENDIF. MODIFY IT_SFLIGHT. ENDLOOP. TMP_TITLE = 'ALV面向对象测试'. "报表名称 ENDFORM. " GETDATA
7、OK，一切完毕之后激活，运行：
如此，ALV就实现了。接下来我们来分析一下它的性能：
8、输入SE30：
点击Execute，系统会跑一次报表，退出之后，点击下面的Evaluate：
很直观可以看出该报表之行的情况。如果跟调用function：REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY 对比起来就会发现用OO的形式来做性能会更好的。
