| 翻译：开源社翻译组
| 编辑：金心悦
| 设计：马丽娜
Part1Preface
There is an internet joke saying that 2022 is just 2020 ... too. The January of 2022 is only the 25th month of 2020. Nothing has changed, and we are still in COVID Time. However, from another perspective, the world we live in is undergoing tremendous changes and moving in an unknown direction at high speed.
For China's open source, the keyword for 2021 should be "run-up." The signs are undeniable. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China (MIIT) has released the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Software and Information Technology Services", a typical signal that the open source sector will take off. Walking on the ground to flying in the sky are two completely different stages. The year 2021 is the run-up phase before the take-off. From the ground to the sky, the whole pattern of behavior will change profoundly. We used to think about paths and directions in a two-dimensional plane, but when we get to the sky, we have countless more options in three-dimensional space.
Although we cannot predict and grasp the future and the state in the air, we are running hard and moving forward courageously.
In last year's China Open Source Annual Report, we summarized three trends, and this year, we added a new section called "Open Source Milestones," which revealed ten trends. So in this preface, let us talk about our feelings.
Out of the Ciecle
Open source is getting hotter and hotter and has sparked various discussions among friends outside the circle. First, investors with a keen sense began to pay attention to the open source field. Then, against the Sino-US confrontation background, many people began to discuss open source (which was initially a purely technical category) from the perspective of international politics, national strength, and national security. The recent open source software security incidents made everyone talk in succession. Such a mixed phenomenon may be likely to continue.
Ecological responsibility
When the open source was just a niche hobby, it was free to do almost anything. Nevertheless, today, as software devours the world and open source eats software, open source technology has become one of the infrastructures of the entire world. With great powers comes great responsibility. The wider the application, the higher the risk. How should we think about and secure the open source supply chain? How should we build a healthier open source ecology? In such an ecology, how should the responsibilities of all parties be defined?
Sense of History
For the fourth consecutive year, KaiYuanShe has published the China Open Source Annual Report and held the sixth China Open Source Conference. In the exchange with friends, we often talk about: what will happen if we contribute open source for another 10 or 20 years? If, after another 10 to 20 years, how we open sourcers reflect on the past? What have we done right, what have we done wrong, or what should we have done earlier? Such a feeling is a "sense of history." How should we choose when we have more such a sense of history and more of a mindset that we will be looked back at in the future? Furthermore, how should we act?
Of course, the journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step. The future we yearn for infinitely can only be shaped by our puny efforts. Let us share it with you all!
Zhuang Biaowei, 2021 Chairman of the Board, KaiYuanShe
January 14, 2022
Part2Overview of the report
The 2021 China Open Source Annual Report is mainly composed of four parts, which are questionnaire,data, commercialization and 2021 open Source events.
1 2021 China Open Source Annual Report·Questionnaire
Report Background
In early 2016, KaiYuanShe released the 2015 China Open Source Community Attendance Survey Report. In the following years, it continued to release developer survey reports, aiming to present open source development in China from various dimensions. This year we set off again, combining data analysis tools and survey reports in various forms to draw a map of the Chinese open source scenarios in 2021.
This questionnaire is an essential part of the annual China Open Source Report, and an analysis report without research is just an empty talk. We conduct the questionnaire from two perspectives: personal information (including work information and developer technical information) and open source community participation.
Through the statistical survey and analysis of 44 or so questions, we hope to restore the real status of the current Chinese open source community, so as to provide an authoritative reference for the later generations of open source.
22021 China Open Source Annual Report · Data
GitHub Data
Description
Each table has a csv file attached to it for ease of follow-up.
Activity formula：
Note: The project's activity only considers the developer's behavior data in the current project.
32021 China Open Source Annual Report - Commercialisation
Overview
It is fair to say that there has been no contradiction between open source software and commercialization from its inception and that open source is not the same as free. The term Open Source was coined in 1998 to remove the ambiguity of "Free" in Free Software and make it more commercial friendly. In recent years, as some open source companies have made a splash in the capital market, the perception of open source commercialization has gradually increased in the domestic developer community and among investors. The unique development model of open source has created substantial potential business value, attracting developers, technology companies, investment institutions, and other parties to invest in the open source industry.
While it is undisputed that open source companies can realize cash, choosing which model is the most efficient for commercialization is still a problem for every open source company. There are five open source commercialization models: support, hosting, restricted licensing, open core, and hybrid licensing. Under the current open source market, hosting, open core, and hybrid licensing are the most mainstream technology companies to adopt, but companies should choose their business path based on their community and product situation.
Capital is an essential participant in the development of the open source market. For investment institutions, when judging an open source project, they usually consider the following points comprehensively: In the product development phase, the focus is on whether the company has ownership and control of the code and whether it is internationally competitive; in the community operation phase, the focus is on whether the company has solid operational capabilities; and in the commercialization phase, the ability to match the market and the maturity of the business model will be the primary concerns.
This chapter is written by the investment team of Yunqi Partners Investment team and covers the following topics
● Underlying drivers of successful open source software commercialization
● Possible commercialization paths for open source software companies
● Judgment criteria for open source project investors and case studies
42021 Open Source Chronology
Abstract
Collated by Cai Fangfang
1. National open source policies will have a significant impact on the future of the open source world In 2021, many countries released policies that elevate open source to a strategic height at the national level, affirming the importance of the open source model to IT innovation and software industry development and making it an important task to prosper the open source ecology. A typical example is the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Software and Information Technology Services Industry" issued by the Department of Information Technology Development of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
2. Trends in open source legal compliance: Awareness grows, but the road is long
With the increasing use of open source code in various industries, some open source projects have become "big business," and discussions around open source legal and compliance issues have come into focus. Events such as China's first ruling on the legal effect of the GPL 3.0 agreement and the settlement of oracle's copyright infringement case against Google show that the software industry is becoming more aware of open source legal and compliance issues.
3. Open source governance becomes epiphany
Open source software security incidents occur frequently, and supply chain governance of open source software becomes increasingly essential. The Linux Foundation is actively promoting OpenChain to connect and exchange with domestic and international communities, and the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology and many domestic enterprises are paying close attention or joining. In addition, how enterprises open source, the project open source process, open source project metrics, and other issues are also the industry's focus. The Linux Foundation's open source project CHAOSS, which measures the health of open source projects and communities, is worthy of attention.
4. The International Foundation's game of "Left and Right Inter-fighting": the return of RMS to the Free Software Foundation and the Rust community controversy
Open source software projects require the collaboration of different stakeholders, and conflicts within the community can undoubtedly have a negative impact on the development and maintenance of software projects. In 2021, the controversial return of Richard M. Stallman, the father of free software, to the Free Software Foundation and the collective resignation of the Rust Community Moderation Team due to dissatisfaction with the Core Team had exposed the complex dynamics and governance challenges facing the FREE and Open Source software community.
5. China's open source approach to the world, shaping the influence of the new era
The influence of Chinese developers in the open source world is growing. According to the latest GitHub Annual Developer Report, the number of Chinese developers on GitHub increased by nearly 1.03 million in 2021, to about 7.55 million. More and more open source projects from China in international open source foundations such as ASF, LF, and CNCF, and more Chinese open source people are being elected to key positions in international foundations.
6. Open source start-up investment continues to shine
From the end of 2020 to the end of 2021, domestic and foreign startups based on open source projects are more active than ever, and it is common to see commercial companies based on open source projects getting financing and going listed. The amount of financing and valuation/market value continue to set new ceilings, and the commercial value of open source communities and open source software is recognized by capital.
7. Open source operating systems usher in a new boom
At the end of 2020, RedHat announced that it would end support for CentOS 8 by 2021. Users around the world began to try to find a suitable operating system to replace it, and the timely resolution of the risks that users might face after CentOS was withdrawn became the direction that operating system vendors and R&D personnel worked on, which made open source operating systems usher in a new booming period in 2021.
8. Rust on a new journey In 2021, the Rust Foundation was founded by Mozilla, Amazon, Huawei, Google, and Microsoft, and Rust finally left the "turmoil" behind. The Linux community has also shown a positive attitude towards Rust, and with the Rust for Linux project well underway in the second half of 2021, developers can expect to see official support for Rust in the Linux kernel in 2022.
9. How AI&low code will change open source is worth watching Open source work in the age of artificial intelligence faces a whole new set of challenges. The GitHub Copilot tool, released this year, uses machine learning techniques to provide code suggestions/auto-completion and has generated quite a bit of controversy. Many developers have argued that GitHub Copilot's claim to train on public code is in fact an indiscriminate "plagiarism" of open source code without following the open source license.
10. Open source hardware continues to heat up and RISC-V achievements emerge Open source hardware continues to heat up as the demand for custom hardware increases, and more startups seek accelerators and solutions for building highly suitable AI/ML algorithms. Moreover, with the advent of the RISC-V processor ISA, open source hardware has become a reality. At the same time, RISC-V is receiving more and more attention and investment in China, and more outstanding results are coming out.
Full Report
Reviewer (Cai Fangfang and Zhuang Biaowei)
Authors (in alphabetical order): Alfalfa Rabbit, Cai Fangfang, Gao Yuan, Geng Hang, Guo Xue, Jiang Weijie, Li Zhenhu, Liang Yao, Liu Tiandong, Wang Rong, Wei Jianvan, Xue Liang, YangLiyun, Zhang Junxia, Zhuang Biaowei
开源社简介
开源社成立于 2014 年，是由志愿贡献于开源事业的个人成员，依 “贡献、共识、共治” 原则所组成，始终维持厂商中立、公益、非营利的特点，是最早以 “开源治理、国际接轨、社区发展、开源项目” 为使命的开源社区联合体。开源社积极与支持开源的社区、企业以及政府相关单位紧密合作，以 “立足中国、贡献全球” 为愿景，旨在共创健康可持续发展的开源生态，推动中国开源社区成为全球开源体系的积极参与及贡献者。
2017 年，开源社转型为完全由个人成员组成，参照 ASF 等国际顶级开源基金会的治理模式运作。近七年来，链接了数万名开源人，集聚了上千名社区成员及志愿者、海内外数百位讲师，合作了近百家赞助、媒体、社区伙伴
