大家好，我是架构君，一个会写代码吟诗的架构师。今天说一说hbase查看表结构_HBase语法「建议收藏」,希望能够帮助大家进步!!!
一、HBase的DDL语法
1. help
①help ：查看所有的hbase的shell命令
②help 'cmd' ：寻求指定命令的使用方法
e.g.
help 'create_namespace'
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):012:0> help 'create_namespace'Create namespace; pass namespace name,and optionally a dictionary of namespace configuration.Examples: hbase> create_namespace 'ns1' hbase> create_namespace 'ns1', {
'PROPERTY_NAME'=>'PROPERTY_VALUE'}只听到从架构师办公室传来架构君的声音:
二子乘舟，泛泛其景。有谁来对上联或下联?
③namespace ：命名空间，理解为Java中的包
hbase中的表看成是Java中的类
换句话说，namespace就是保存表的一个逻辑上的路径
2. namespace
2.1 namespace的常用操作命令
alter_namespace | 修改命名空间的属性 |
|---|---|
create_namespace | 创建命名空间 |
describe_namespace | 查看命名空间的结构 |
drop_namespace | 删除命名空间 |
list_namespace | 查看HBase中所有的命名空间 |
list_namespace_tables | 查看指定的命名空间中的所有表 |
2.2 list_namespace
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):001:0> list_namespaceNAMESPACE default hbase 2 row(s) in 0.1800 seconds若不指定命名空间，所有的表都创建在default下面
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):002:0> help 'list_namespace'List all namespaces in hbase. Optional regular expression parameter couldbe used to filter the output. Examples: hbase> list_namespace hbase> list_namespace 'abc.*' hbase(main):003:0> list_namespace 'hbase'NAMESPACE hbase 1 row(s) in 0.0170 secondshbase(main):004:0> list_namespace 'h.*'NAMESPACE hbase 1 row(s) in 0.0090 secondshbase(main):005:0> list_namespace '^d'NAMESPACE default 1 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds2.3 create_namespace
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):006:0> create_namespace 'ns1'0 row(s) in 0.8890 secondshbase(main):007:0> list_namespaceNAMESPACE default hbase ns1 3 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds2.4 describe_namespace
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):008:0> describe_namespace 'ns1'DESCRIPTION {
NAME => 'ns1'} 1 row(s) in 0.0130 secondshbase(main):009:0> create_namespace 'ns2',{
'name'=>'rock'}0 row(s) in 0.8690 secondshbase(main):010:0> describe_namespace 'ns2'DESCRIPTION {
NAME => 'ns2', name => 'rock'} 1 row(s) in 0.0030 seconds2.5 alter_namespace
修改namespace的属性
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):011:0> help 'alter_namespace'Alter namespace properties.To add/modify a property: hbase> alter_namespace 'ns1', {
METHOD => 'set', 'PROPERTY_NAME' => 'PROPERTY_VALUE'}To delete a property: hbase> alter_namespace 'ns1', {
METHOD => 'unset', NAME=>'PROPERTY_NAME'} e.g.# 为'ns2'设置属性hbase(main):012:0> alter_namespace 'ns2',{
METHOD => 'set','name'=>'xiaoliu'}0 row(s) in 0.6270 secondshbase(main):013:0> describe_namespace 'ns2'DESCRIPTION {
NAME => 'ns2', name => 'xiaoliu'} 1 row(s) in 0.0030 secondshbase(main):003:0> alter_namespace 'ns2',{
METHOD=>'set','sex'=>'younggirlgirl'}0 row(s) in 0.6170 secondshbase(main):004:0> describe_namespace 'ns2'DESCRIPTION {
NAME => 'ns2', name => 'xiaoliu', sex => 'younggirlgirl'} 1 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds# 将ns2中sex的属性撤销hbase(main):005:0> alter_namespace 'ns2',{
METHOD=>'unset',NAME=>'sex'}0 row(s) in 0.6130 secondshbase(main):006:0> describe_namespace 'ns2'DESCRIPTION {
NAME => 'ns2', name => 'xiaoliu'} 1 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds2.6 list_namespace_tables
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):010:0> create 'ns1:t1',{NAME=>'f1',VERSIONS=>5}0 row(s) in 2.3830 seconds=> Hbase::Table - ns1:t1hbase(main):011:0> listTABLE ns1:t1 1 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds=> ["ns1:t1"]hbase(main):012:0> list_namespace_tables 'ns1'TABLE t1 1 row(s) in 0.0200 secondshbase(main):013:0> list_namespace_tables 'hbase'TABLE meta namespace 2 row(s) in 0.0130 secondshbase(main):014:0> list_namespace_tables 'default'TABLE 0 row(s) in 0.0050 seconds2.7 drop_namespace
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):015:0> help 'drop_namespace'Drop the named namespace. The namespace must be empty.hbase(main):016:0> drop_namespace 'ns2'0 row(s) in 0.8850 secondshbase(main):017:0> list_namespaceNAMESPACE default hbase ns1 3 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds# 这个命令只能删除为空的namespacehbase(main):019:0> drop_namespace 'ns1'ERROR: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.constraint.ConstraintException: Only empty namespaces can be removed. Namespace ns1 has 1 tablesCaused by: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.hbase.constraint.ConstraintException): Only empty namespaces can be removed. Namespace ns1 has 1 tablesHere is some help for this command:Drop the named namespace. The namespace must be empty.3. table
3.1 关于表的常见命令
create | 建表 |
|---|---|
alter | 修改表 |
describe/desc | 查看表结构 |
disable/disable_all | 令表失效，在HBase中，只有失效的表才能删除/所有表失效 |
enable/enable_all | 使表生效 |
drop/drop_all | 删除表 |
exists | 判断表是否存在 |
is_disabled/is_enabled | 是否失效/生效 |
list | 查询HBase所有的表 |
3.2 create
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):010:0> create 'ns1:t1',{
NAME=>'f1',VERSIONS=>5}# 创建一个namespace是ns1,表是t1,表有一个列簇叫f1,有5个版本hbase(main):026:0> create 't1',{
NAME=>'f1'},{
NAME=>'f2'},{
NAME=>'f3'}hbase(main):026:0> create 't1','f1','f2','f3'# 上面的两句话表达的意思完全相同。这个t1表被创建在default的namespace中hbase(main):026:0> create 't1',{
NAME => 'f1', VERSION => 1, TTL => 259200, BLOCKCACHE => true}# 在default的namespace下创建了表t1。指定列簇f1的属性的配置：VERSIONS,TTL,BLOCKCACHE①未进行分片存储：
②伪分布式下的分片存储：
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):032:0> create 'ns1:t2','f1',SPLITS => ['10','20','30']
每10行数据进行一次分片(0-9),(10-19),(20-29)，第30行之后的分片一次(30- )
③高可用下的分片存储
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):004:0> create 'ns1:t2','f1',SPLITS => ['10','20','30']
3.3 list
代码语言：javascript复制#查询ns1下所有的表hbase(main):002:0> list 'ns1:.*'TABLE ns1:t1 ns1:t2 2 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds=> ["ns1:t1", "ns1:t2"]#查询所有命名空间的所有表hbase(main):003:0> listTABLE ns1:t1 ns1:t2 t1 3 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds=> ["ns1:t1", "ns1:t2", "t1"]3.4 describe、desc
代码语言：javascript复制# 查看表结构hbase(main):004:0> desc 'ns1:t1'Table ns1:t1 is ENABLED ns1:t1 COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '5', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'} 1 row(s) in 0.0880 seconds3.5 alter
代码语言：javascript复制# 修改添加删除列簇的信息，也可以修改添加删除表的属性# 1.修改指定表的指定列簇的属性hbase(main):005:0> alter 'ns1:t1',NAME =>'f1',VERSIONS =>10Updating all regions with the new schema...1/1 regions updated.Done.hbase(main):006:0> desc 'ns1:t1'Table ns1:t1 is ENABLED ns1:t1 COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {
NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '10', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}# 2.修改一张表中的多个列簇的属性hbase(main):010:0> alter 't1','f1',{NAME=>'f2',IN_MEMORY=>true},{NAME=>'f3',VERSIONS=>5}Updating all regions with the new schema...1/1 regions updated.Done.hbase(main):011:0> desc 'default:t1'Table default:t1 is ENABLED default:t1 COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {
NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'} {
NAME => 'f2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'true', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'} {
NAME => 'f3', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '5', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'} # 3.删除一张表的列簇hbase(main):012:0> alter 't1','delete'=>'f1'Updating all regions with the new schema...1/1 regions updated.Done.hbase(main):013:0> desc 't1'Table t1 is ENABLED t1 COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {
NAME => 'f2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'true', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'} {
NAME => 'f3', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '5', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'} 表的属性名称不能随便加
3.6 exists
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):014:0> exists 't1'Table t1 does exist3.7 drop/enable/disable
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):015:0> drop 't1'ERROR: Table t1 is enabled. Disable it first.Here is some help for this command:Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled: hbase> drop 't1' hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'hbase(main):016:0> disable 't1'hbase(main):017:0> drop 't1'hbase(main):018:0> listTABLE ns1:t1 ns1:t2 二、HBase的DML语法
1. put命令：只能插入单行
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):019:0> put 'ns1:t1','001','f1:id','1'- 'ns1:t1' ：表示namespace:tablename- '001' ：表示rowkey- 'f1:id' ：f1表示 列簇:列名- '1' ：表示列值hbase(main):020:0> put 'ns1:t1','002','f1:id','2',111111- 111111 ：表示的是时间戳hbase(main):024:0> put 'ns1:t1','001','f1:name','xiaoliu'2. scan命令：多行查询数据
代码语言：javascript复制# 查询指定命名空间中的指定表的所有数据hbase(main):025:0> scan 'ns1:t1'ROW COLUMN CELL 001 column=f1:id, timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 001 column=f1:name, timestamp=1601195398366, value=xiaoliu 002 column=f1:id, timestamp=111111, value=2 # 查询指定命名空间中的 指定表中的 指定列簇中的 指定列 hbase(main):026:0> scan 'ns1:t1',{COLUMNS => 'f1:id'}ROW COLUMN CELL 001 column=f1:id, timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 002 column=f1:id, timestamp=111111, value=2 # 分页查询 ：# 和传统的关系型数据库不一样，# 关系型数据库的列可以是很多不同的类型，但是HBase中只能存储byte[]hbase(main):024:0> put 'ns1:t1','003','f1:school','hbau'hbase(main):030:0> scan 'ns1:t1',{COLUMNS => ['f1'], LIMIT => 2, STARTROW => '001'}ROW COLUMN CELL 001 column=f1:id, timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 001 column=f1:name, timestamp=1601195398366, value=xiaoliu 002 column=f1:id, timestamp=111111, value=2# 按时间范围查询数据：时间左闭右开hbase(main):032:0> scan 'ns1:t1',{COLUMNS => 'f1',TIMERANGE => [111111,1601194522018]}ROW COLUMN CELL 002 column=f1:id, timestamp=111111, value=2 hbase(main):033:0> scan 'ns1:t1',{COLUMNS => 'f1',TIMERANGE => [111111,1601194522019]}ROW COLUMN CELL 001 column=f1:id, timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 002 column=f1:id, timestamp=111111, value=2 按版本查询数据
先进后出，栈来存储
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):024:0> put 'ns1:t1','001','f1:name','liujinhong'hbase(main):001:0> scan 'ns1:t1'ROW COLUMN CELL 001 column=f1:id, timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 001 column=f1:name, timestamp=1601198548241, value=liujinhong 002 column=f1:id, timestamp=111111, value=2 003 column=f1:school, timestamp=1601198178186, value=hbau hbase(main):002:0> scan 'ns1:t1',{RAW => true,VERSIONS => 1}hbase(main):003:0> scan 'ns1:t1',{RAW => true,VERSIONS => 2} 
3. get命令：单行查询
代码语言：javascript复制# 查询指定表中的行# 会将行中所有的列簇都查出来hbase(main):004:0> get 'ns1:t1','001'COLUMN CELL f1:id timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 f1:name timestamp=1601198548241, value=liujinhong # 按照时间范围查询hbase(main):005:0> get 'ns1:t1','001',{COLUMNS => 'f1',TIMERANGE => [111111,1601194522019]}COLUMN CELL f1:id timestamp=1601194522018, value=1# 查询指定列簇的信息hbase(main):006:0> get 'ns1:t1','001',{COLUMNS => 'f1'}COLUMN CELL f1:id timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 f1:name timestamp=1601198548241, value=liujinhong # 按版本查询hbase(main):007:0> get 'ns1:t1','001',{COLUMNS => 'f1',VERSIONS => 1}COLUMN CELL f1:id timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 f1:name timestamp=1601198548241, value=liujinhong hbase(main):008:0> get 'ns1:t1','001',{COLUMNS => 'f1',VERSIONS => 2}COLUMN CELL f1:id timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 f1:name timestamp=1601198548241, value=liujinhong f1:name timestamp=1601195398366, value=xiaoliu 4. 修改数据
代码语言：txt复制 没有专门的修改数据的命令，我们使用put命令来修改数据。只要表名、列簇、列名 相同，那么后put的数据会覆盖先put的数据5. 删除数据
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):010:0> delete 'ns1:t1','002','f1:id'0 row(s) in 0.0350 secondshbase(main):011:0> scan 'ns1:t1'ROW COLUMN CELL 001 column=f1:id, timestamp=1601194522018, value=1 001 column=f1:name, timestamp=1601198548241, value=liujinhong 003 column=f1:school, timestamp=1601198178186, value=hbau6. count ：统计表中的行键数
代码语言：javascript复制hbase(main):012:0> count 'ns1:t1'2 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds=> 2
