根据前序和中序(后序和中序)遍历构造树 #算法#

2022-06-23 11:22:11 浏览数 (1)

原题如下

Given preorder and inorder traversal of a tree, construct the binary tree. 根据前序和中序遍历序列构建二叉树。 Note: You may assume that duplicates do not exist in the tree.

For example, given

preorder = [3,9,20,15,7] inorder = [9,3,15,20,7] Return the following binary tree:

代码语言:javascript复制
    3
   / 
  9  20
    /  
   15   7

思路

(1)前序序列的第一个元素一定是根节点; (2)中序序列中根节点左边为左子树的中序序列,右边为右子树的中序序列; (3)根据根节点在中序序列中的位置,又可在前序序列中得到左子树的前序序列右子树的前序序列; (4)用相同的原理又能分别找出左右子树的根节点; (5)根节点的左子节点为左子树的根节点,右子节点为右子树的根节点; (6)再用相同的方法找出子节点的左右子节点;如此递归下去,直到最终序列为空。

代码

代码语言:javascript复制
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& preorder, vector<int>& inorder) {
    	if(preorder.empty()) return NULL;
    	int size = preorder.size();
    	int root_value = preorder[0];
        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(root_value);
        vector<int> pre_left, in_left, pre_right, in_right;
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < size; i  ){
        	int value = inorder[i];
        	if(value == root_value) break;
        	in_left.push_back(value);
        	pre_left.push_back(preorder[i   1]);
		}
		for(i  ; i < size; i  ){
			in_right.push_back(inorder[i]);
			pre_right.push_back(preorder[i]);
		}
        TreeNode* left = buildTree(pre_left, in_left);
        TreeNode* right = buildTree(pre_right, in_right);
        root->left = left;
        root->right = right;
        return root;
    }
};

后序和中序

思路类似,只不过根节点在postorder的末尾,代码如下:

代码语言:javascript复制
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& postorder, vector<int>& inorder) {
    	if(postorder.empty()) return NULL;
    	int size = postorder.size();
    	int root_value = postorder[size - 1]; // 这里不同
        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(root_value);
        vector<int> post_left, in_left, post_right, in_right;
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < size; i  ){
        	int value = inorder[i];
        	if(value == root_value) break;
        	in_left.push_back(value);
        	post_left.push_back(postorder[i]); // 这里不同
		}
		for(i  ; i < size; i  ){
			in_right.push_back(inorder[i]);
			post_right.push_back(postorder[i - 1]); // 这里不同
		}
        TreeNode* left = buildTree(post_left, in_left);
        TreeNode* right = buildTree(post_right, in_right);
        root->left = left;
        root->right = right;
        return root;
    }
};

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