dubbo源码学习(四):暴露服务的过程

2022-06-30 15:19:01 浏览数 (1)

dubbo采用的nio异步的通信,通信协议默认为 netty,当然也可以选择 mina,grizzy。在服务端(provider)在启动时主要是开启netty监听,在zookeeper上注册服务节点,处理消费者请求,返回处理后的消息给消费者,消费者使用服务时主要是订阅服务的节点,监听zookeeper节点目录,服务端的变化时zookeeper会推送给消费者,消费者重新缓存服务地址等。服务者、消费者、zookeeper三者之间都是长连接。

下面看dubbo源码来看服务暴露的过程,服务暴露的入口为:com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ServiceConfig#export 方法,代码如下:

//是否延时暴露

if (delay != null && delay > 0) {

Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

try {

Thread.sleep(delay);

} catch (Throwable e) {

}

doExport();

}

});

thread.setDaemon(true);

thread.setName("DelayExportServiceThread");

thread.start();

} else {

//不延时暴露,则直接暴露

doExport();

}

上在代码无论是延时暴露或直接暴露调用的方法是:doExport(),doExport会对解析完的配置再做一次检查,核心代码大家可以查看dubbo的源码,下面列出一小部分

/*

检查默认设置,如果xml中没有配置<dubbo:provider

主要是从系统环境变量中寻找是否有相应的provider的配置

*/

checkDefault();

//下面设置的内容如果没有配置<dubbo:provider时基本上都是Null

if (provider != null) {

if (application == null) {

application = provider.getApplication();

}

if (module == null) {

module = provider.getModule();

}

if (registries == null) {

registries = provider.getRegistries();

}

if (monitor == null) {

monitor = provider.getMonitor();

}

if (protocols == null) {

protocols = provider.getProtocols();

}

}

if (module != null) {

//registries一般都会配置

if (registries == null) {

registries = module.getRegistries();

}

if (monitor == null) {

monitor = module.getMonitor();

}

}

if (application != null) {

//application一般也会配置

if (registries == null) {

registries = application.getRegistries();

}

if (monitor == null) {

monitor = application.getMonitor();

}

}

//是否泛化调用

if (ref instanceof GenericService) {

interfaceClass = GenericService.class;

if (StringUtils.isEmpty(generic)) {

generic = Boolean.TRUE.toString();

}

} else {

try {

interfaceClass = Class.forName(interfaceName, true, Thread.currentThread()

.getContextClassLoader());

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e);

}

/*

检查即将暴露的接口的方法配置,检查方法是否在接口中存在

一般不会配置所以一般情况下methods为null

<dubbo:service > <dubbo:method /> </dubbo:serivce>

*/

checkInterfaceAndMethods(interfaceClass, methods);

/*

检查接口的引用不为空,并且必须实现的是要暴露的接口

*/

checkRef();

generic = Boolean.FALSE.toString();

}

所有的检查通过之后,会调用 :com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ServiceConfig#doExportUrls

/*

将注册协议转化成url

registry://45.119.68.23:2181/com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.RegistryService?

application=test-dubbo&dubbo=2.5.3&pid=7648&registry=zookeeper×tamp=1462349748801

*/

List<URL> registryURLs = loadRegistries(true);

//配置多通信协议时,都进行暴露

for (ProtocolConfig protocolConfig : protocols) {

doExportUrlsFor1Protocol(protocolConfig, registryURLs);

}

doExportUrlsFor1Protocol中主要将所有的配置转化成map,然后将map转化成dubbo的统一URL,最终暴露的dubbo服务也就是这个统一的url,这个url也会注册到zookeeper的节点上,部分代码如下:

/*

将不为null的配置对象中的属性设置到 map 中

即将 xml 配置文件中的配置设置的值全转化成为map

{side=provider, application=alijk-dubbo, accepts=1000,

dubbo=2.5.3, threads=100, pid=7236, interface=cn.eoncloud.account.sdk.export.AccountService,

threadpool=fixed, version=1.0.0, timeout=500, anyhost=true, timestamp=1462347843960}

*/

appendParameters(map, application);

appendParameters(map, module);

appendParameters(map, provider, Constants.DEFAULT_KEY);

appendParameters(map, protocolConfig);

appendParameters(map, this);

......

/*

将配置信息转化成 url ,主要根据之前map里的数据组装成url

调用 URL#buildString方法

dubbo://10.6.13.137:9998/cn.eoncloud.account.sdk.export.AccountService

?accepts=1000&anyhost=true&application=test-dubbo&dubbo=2.5.3

&interface=cn.eoncloud.account.sdk.export.AccountService

&methods=getAccountName,getAllTest&pid=7236&revision=1.0.0&side=provider

&threadpool=fixed&threads=100&timeout=500×tamp=1462347843960&version=1.0.0

*/

URL url = new URL(name, host, port, (contextPath == null || contextPath.length() == 0 ? "" : contextPath "/") path, map);

if (ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(ConfiguratorFactory.class)

.hasExtension(url.getProtocol())) {

url = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(ConfiguratorFactory.class)

.getExtension(url.getProtocol()).getConfigurator(url).configure(url);

}

......

Invoker<?> invoker = proxyFactory.getInvoker(ref, (Class) interfaceClass, registryURL.addParameterAndEncoded(Constants.EXPORT_KEY, url.toFullString()));

//com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.integration.RegistryProtocol#export 即将进行暴露

Exporter<?> exporter = protocol.export(invoker);

上面的代码核心暴露的一行代码为:protocol.export(invoker); 这个protocol的值为:RegistryProtocol,也就是暴露会跳到:RegistryProtocol.exprot中去处理,RegistryProtocol.exprot主要做两件事情:

1、开启netty服务端 。

2、创建zookeeper服务节点。

下面来看RegistryProtocol.export方法,代码如下:

public <T> Exporter<T> export(final Invoker<T> originInvoker) throws RpcException {

//export invoker doLocalExport调用dubboProtocol.export开启netty服务监听

final ExporterChangeableWrapper<T> exporter = doLocalExport(originInvoker);

//registry provider

final Registry registry = getRegistry(originInvoker);

final URL registedProviderUrl = getRegistedProviderUrl(originInvoker);

//调用zodoRegister的doRegister 创建zookeeper的服务节点

registry.register(registedProviderUrl);

// 订阅override数据

// FIXME 提供者订阅时,会影响同一JVM即暴露服务,又引用同一服务的的场景,因为subscribed以服务名为缓存的key,导致订阅信息覆盖。

final URL overrideSubscribeUrl = getSubscribedOverrideUrl(registedProviderUrl);

final OverrideListener overrideSubscribeListener = new OverrideListener(overrideSubscribeUrl);

overrideListeners.put(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);

//订阅

registry.subscribe(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);

//保证每次export都返回一个新的exporter实例

return new Exporter<T>() {

public Invoker<T> getInvoker() {

return exporter.getInvoker();

}

public void unexport() {

try {

exporter.unexport();

} catch (Throwable t) {

logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);

}

try {

registry.unregister(registedProviderUrl);

} catch (Throwable t) {

logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);

}

try {

overrideListeners.remove(overrideSubscribeUrl);

registry.unsubscribe(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);

} catch (Throwable t) {

logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);

}

}

};

}

上面的代码里有一段特别重要,关键性的代码在doLocalExport中:

final Invoker<?> invokerDelegete = new InvokerDelegete<T>(originInvoker, getProviderUrl(originInvoker));

//此处protol为dubboProtocol

exporter = new ExporterChangeableWrapper<T>((Exporter<T>)protocol.export(invokerDelegete), originInvoker);

从上面的代码中可以看到会调用dubboProtocol的export对服务进行暴露,这个export最终目的就是开启netty的监听,下面来看dubbo是如何一步一步开启netty的

private void openServer(URL url) {

// find server. ip:port

String key = url.getAddress();

//client 也可以暴露一个只有server可以调用的服务。

boolean isServer = url.getParameter(Constants.IS_SERVER_KEY,true);

if (isServer) {

ExchangeServer server = serverMap.get(key);

if (server == null) {

//创建 Server

serverMap.put(key, createServer(url));

} else {

//server支持reset,配合override功能使用

server.reset(url);

}

}

}

private ExchangeServer createServer(URL url) {

//默认开启server关闭时发送readonly事件

url = url.addParameterIfAbsent(Constants.CHANNEL_READONLYEVENT_SENT_KEY, Boolean.TRUE.toString());

//默认开启heartbeat

url = url.addParameterIfAbsent(Constants.HEARTBEAT_KEY, String.valueOf(Constants.DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT));

//默认使用netty

String str = url.getParameter(Constants.SERVER_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_REMOTING_SERVER);

if (str != null && str.length() > 0 && ! ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Transporter.class).hasExtension(str))

throw new RpcException("Unsupported server type: " str ", url: " url);

//默认使用dubbo协议编码

url = url.addParameter(Constants.CODEC_KEY, Version.isCompatibleVersion() ? COMPATIBLE_CODEC_NAME : DubboCodec.NAME);

ExchangeServer server;

try {

//HeaderExchangeServer 在此处已经开启了Netty Server 进行监听

server = Exchangers.bind(url, requestHandler);

} catch (RemotingException e) {

throw new RpcException("Fail to start server(url: " url ") " e.getMessage(), e);

}

str = url.getParameter(Constants.CLIENT_KEY);

if (str != null && str.length() > 0) {

Set<String> supportedTypes = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Transporter.class).getSupportedExtensions();

if (!supportedTypes.contains(str)) {

throw new RpcException("Unsupported client type: " str);

}

}

return server;

}

在上面的代码中:Exchangers.bind(url, requestHandler) 默认为:HeaderExchanger.bind()

public ExchangeServer bind(URL url, ExchangeHandler handler) throws RemotingException {

//Transporters默认为NettyTransporter

return new HeaderExchangeServer(Transporters.bind(url, new DecodeHandler(new HeaderExchangeHandler(handler))));

}

代码运行到这里可以看到传输方式了,dubbo默认采用的通信方式为 NettyTransporter ,再来看NettyTransporter.bind方法

public static final String NAME = "netty";

public Server bind(URL url, ChannelHandler listener) throws RemotingException {

return new NettyServer(url, listener);

}

已经能看到NettyServer了,dubbo在暴露服务最终开启的netty服务监听,监听消费者发送的请求,通过反射调用方法得到结果通过 tcp/ip 网络传输返回给消费者。再进入到NettyServer中我们就能看到非常传统的开启Netty服务的代码了

protected void doOpen() throws Throwable {

NettyHelper.setNettyLoggerFactory();

ExecutorService boss = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyServerBoss", true));

ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyServerWorker", true));

//最后一个参数为 NIO 最大工作线程数

ChannelFactory channelFactory = new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(boss, worker, getUrl().getPositiveParameter(Constants.IO_THREADS_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_IO_THREADS));

//netty server 启动器

bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(channelFactory);

final NettyHandler nettyHandler = new NettyHandler(getUrl(), this);

channels = nettyHandler.getChannels();

// https://issues.jboss.org/browse/NETTY-365

// https://issues.jboss.org/browse/NETTY-379

// final Timer timer = new HashedWheelTimer(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyIdleTimer", true));

bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {

public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() {

NettyCodecAdapter adapter = new NettyCodecAdapter(getCodec() ,getUrl(), NettyServer.this);

ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();

/*int idleTimeout = getIdleTimeout();

if (idleTimeout > 10000) {

pipeline.addLast("timer", new IdleStateHandler(timer, idleTimeout / 1000, 0, 0));

}*/

pipeline.addLast("decoder", adapter.getDecoder());

pipeline.addLast("encoder", adapter.getEncoder());

pipeline.addLast("handler", nettyHandler);

return pipeline;

}

});

// 创建一个绑定到指定地址的新通道,也就是绑定IP、端口供客户端连接

channel = bootstrap.bind(getBindAddress());

}

上面的代码执行完成后,netty的服务端就已经开启了,可以接收客户端的连接了,但客户端连接上来要怎么处理呢?消息接收、发送怎么处理呢?所有的处理都在上面代码的 NettyHandler类中,Nettyhandler继承了Netty包中的的SimpleChannelHandler

NettyHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler

重写了 channelConnected、channelDisconnected、messageReceived等方法,而我们比较关注的可能是messagereceived方法,在收到消息时如何处理,但今天暂时先不看dubbo如果处理消息,只看暴露,消息处理如何实现异步通信下一节再讲。

/**

* 收到消息时触发

* @param ctx

* @param e

* @throws Exception

*/

@Override

public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {

NettyChannel channel = NettyChannel.getOrAddChannel(ctx.getChannel(), url, handler);

try {

handler.received(channel, e.getMessage());

} finally {

NettyChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(ctx.getChannel());

}

}

从前面知道,开启netty服务是在RegistryProtocol.export 的 doLocalExport 中,在开启了netty服务后,就是在zookeeper上注册服务节点了,消费者在消费服务时会根据消费的接口名找到对应的zookeeper节点目录,对目录进行监听,接收推送

//registry provider

final Registry registry = getRegistry(originInvoker);

final URL registedProviderUrl = getRegistedProviderUrl(originInvoker);

//调用zodoRegister的doRegister 创建zookeeper的服务节点

registry.register(registedProviderUrl);

// 订阅override数据

// FIXME 提供者订阅时,会影响同一JVM即暴露服务,又引用同一服务的的场景,因为subscribed以服务名为缓存的key,导致订阅信息覆盖。

final URL overrideSubscribeUrl = getSubscribedOverrideUrl(registedProviderUrl);

final OverrideListener overrideSubscribeListener = new OverrideListener(overrideSubscribeUrl);

overrideListeners.put(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);

//订阅

registry.subscribe(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);

dubbo服务在zookeeper上的节点注册是:com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.support.FailbackRegistry#register

@Override

public void register(URL url) {

super.register(url);

failedRegistered.remove(url);

failedUnregistered.remove(url);

try {

// 向服务器端发送注册请求

doRegister(url);

因为doRegister是一个抽象的方法,查看他的实现可以看到:

从上图可以看到doRegister实现有 dubbo、redis、zookeeper,这也是在我们配置时经常看到的 注册协议的配置 ,最为常用的就是 zookeeper了,所以再看ZookeeperRegistry的代码,看他的doRegistry干什么了如下

protected void doRegister(URL url) {

try {

zkClient.create(toUrlPath(url), url.getParameter(Constants.DYNAMIC_KEY, true));

} catch (Throwable e) {

throw new RpcException("Failed to register " url " to zookeeper " getUrl() ", cause: " e.getMessage(), e);

}

}

其实从上面已经可以看到 在zookeeper上面创建 节点了,默认不分组的情况下,服务结构如下:/dubbo/XXXXservice/consumers、providers

至此,dubbo的暴露基本上已经完成,开启了netty服务,注册了zookeeper的节点,就等着消费者连接上来使用了。下一节将介绍dubbo的消息发送和接收,NIO异步通讯的实现。

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