dubbo采用的nio异步的通信,通信协议默认为 netty,当然也可以选择 mina,grizzy。在服务端(provider)在启动时主要是开启netty监听,在zookeeper上注册服务节点,处理消费者请求,返回处理后的消息给消费者,消费者使用服务时主要是订阅服务的节点,监听zookeeper节点目录,服务端的变化时zookeeper会推送给消费者,消费者重新缓存服务地址等。服务者、消费者、zookeeper三者之间都是长连接。
下面看dubbo源码来看服务暴露的过程,服务暴露的入口为:com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ServiceConfig#export 方法,代码如下:
//是否延时暴露
if (delay != null && delay > 0) {
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(delay);
} catch (Throwable e) {
}
doExport();
}
});
thread.setDaemon(true);
thread.setName("DelayExportServiceThread");
thread.start();
} else {
//不延时暴露,则直接暴露
doExport();
}
上在代码无论是延时暴露或直接暴露调用的方法是:doExport(),doExport会对解析完的配置再做一次检查,核心代码大家可以查看dubbo的源码,下面列出一小部分
/*
检查默认设置,如果xml中没有配置<dubbo:provider
主要是从系统环境变量中寻找是否有相应的provider的配置
*/
checkDefault();
//下面设置的内容如果没有配置<dubbo:provider时基本上都是Null
if (provider != null) {
if (application == null) {
application = provider.getApplication();
}
if (module == null) {
module = provider.getModule();
}
if (registries == null) {
registries = provider.getRegistries();
}
if (monitor == null) {
monitor = provider.getMonitor();
}
if (protocols == null) {
protocols = provider.getProtocols();
}
}
if (module != null) {
//registries一般都会配置
if (registries == null) {
registries = module.getRegistries();
}
if (monitor == null) {
monitor = module.getMonitor();
}
}
if (application != null) {
//application一般也会配置
if (registries == null) {
registries = application.getRegistries();
}
if (monitor == null) {
monitor = application.getMonitor();
}
}
//是否泛化调用
if (ref instanceof GenericService) {
interfaceClass = GenericService.class;
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(generic)) {
generic = Boolean.TRUE.toString();
}
} else {
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(interfaceName, true, Thread.currentThread()
.getContextClassLoader());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
/*
检查即将暴露的接口的方法配置,检查方法是否在接口中存在
一般不会配置所以一般情况下methods为null
<dubbo:service > <dubbo:method /> </dubbo:serivce>
*/
checkInterfaceAndMethods(interfaceClass, methods);
/*
检查接口的引用不为空,并且必须实现的是要暴露的接口
*/
checkRef();
generic = Boolean.FALSE.toString();
}
所有的检查通过之后,会调用 :com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ServiceConfig#doExportUrls
/*
将注册协议转化成url
registry://45.119.68.23:2181/com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.RegistryService?
application=test-dubbo&dubbo=2.5.3&pid=7648®istry=zookeeper×tamp=1462349748801
*/
List<URL> registryURLs = loadRegistries(true);
//配置多通信协议时,都进行暴露
for (ProtocolConfig protocolConfig : protocols) {
doExportUrlsFor1Protocol(protocolConfig, registryURLs);
}
doExportUrlsFor1Protocol中主要将所有的配置转化成map,然后将map转化成dubbo的统一URL,最终暴露的dubbo服务也就是这个统一的url,这个url也会注册到zookeeper的节点上,部分代码如下:
/*
将不为null的配置对象中的属性设置到 map 中
即将 xml 配置文件中的配置设置的值全转化成为map
{side=provider, application=alijk-dubbo, accepts=1000,
dubbo=2.5.3, threads=100, pid=7236, interface=cn.eoncloud.account.sdk.export.AccountService,
threadpool=fixed, version=1.0.0, timeout=500, anyhost=true, timestamp=1462347843960}
*/
appendParameters(map, application);
appendParameters(map, module);
appendParameters(map, provider, Constants.DEFAULT_KEY);
appendParameters(map, protocolConfig);
appendParameters(map, this);
......
/*
将配置信息转化成 url ,主要根据之前map里的数据组装成url
调用 URL#buildString方法
dubbo://10.6.13.137:9998/cn.eoncloud.account.sdk.export.AccountService
?accepts=1000&anyhost=true&application=test-dubbo&dubbo=2.5.3
&interface=cn.eoncloud.account.sdk.export.AccountService
&methods=getAccountName,getAllTest&pid=7236&revision=1.0.0&side=provider
&threadpool=fixed&threads=100&timeout=500×tamp=1462347843960&version=1.0.0
*/
URL url = new URL(name, host, port, (contextPath == null || contextPath.length() == 0 ? "" : contextPath "/") path, map);
if (ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(ConfiguratorFactory.class)
.hasExtension(url.getProtocol())) {
url = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(ConfiguratorFactory.class)
.getExtension(url.getProtocol()).getConfigurator(url).configure(url);
}
......
Invoker<?> invoker = proxyFactory.getInvoker(ref, (Class) interfaceClass, registryURL.addParameterAndEncoded(Constants.EXPORT_KEY, url.toFullString()));
//com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.integration.RegistryProtocol#export 即将进行暴露
Exporter<?> exporter = protocol.export(invoker);
上面的代码核心暴露的一行代码为:protocol.export(invoker); 这个protocol的值为:RegistryProtocol,也就是暴露会跳到:RegistryProtocol.exprot中去处理,RegistryProtocol.exprot主要做两件事情:
1、开启netty服务端 。
2、创建zookeeper服务节点。
下面来看RegistryProtocol.export方法,代码如下:
public <T> Exporter<T> export(final Invoker<T> originInvoker) throws RpcException {
//export invoker doLocalExport调用dubboProtocol.export开启netty服务监听
final ExporterChangeableWrapper<T> exporter = doLocalExport(originInvoker);
//registry provider
final Registry registry = getRegistry(originInvoker);
final URL registedProviderUrl = getRegistedProviderUrl(originInvoker);
//调用zodoRegister的doRegister 创建zookeeper的服务节点
registry.register(registedProviderUrl);
// 订阅override数据
// FIXME 提供者订阅时,会影响同一JVM即暴露服务,又引用同一服务的的场景,因为subscribed以服务名为缓存的key,导致订阅信息覆盖。
final URL overrideSubscribeUrl = getSubscribedOverrideUrl(registedProviderUrl);
final OverrideListener overrideSubscribeListener = new OverrideListener(overrideSubscribeUrl);
overrideListeners.put(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);
//订阅
registry.subscribe(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);
//保证每次export都返回一个新的exporter实例
return new Exporter<T>() {
public Invoker<T> getInvoker() {
return exporter.getInvoker();
}
public void unexport() {
try {
exporter.unexport();
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
try {
registry.unregister(registedProviderUrl);
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
try {
overrideListeners.remove(overrideSubscribeUrl);
registry.unsubscribe(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
};
}
上面的代码里有一段特别重要,关键性的代码在doLocalExport中:
final Invoker<?> invokerDelegete = new InvokerDelegete<T>(originInvoker, getProviderUrl(originInvoker));
//此处protol为dubboProtocol
exporter = new ExporterChangeableWrapper<T>((Exporter<T>)protocol.export(invokerDelegete), originInvoker);
从上面的代码中可以看到会调用dubboProtocol的export对服务进行暴露,这个export最终目的就是开启netty的监听,下面来看dubbo是如何一步一步开启netty的
private void openServer(URL url) {
// find server. ip:port
String key = url.getAddress();
//client 也可以暴露一个只有server可以调用的服务。
boolean isServer = url.getParameter(Constants.IS_SERVER_KEY,true);
if (isServer) {
ExchangeServer server = serverMap.get(key);
if (server == null) {
//创建 Server
serverMap.put(key, createServer(url));
} else {
//server支持reset,配合override功能使用
server.reset(url);
}
}
}
private ExchangeServer createServer(URL url) {
//默认开启server关闭时发送readonly事件
url = url.addParameterIfAbsent(Constants.CHANNEL_READONLYEVENT_SENT_KEY, Boolean.TRUE.toString());
//默认开启heartbeat
url = url.addParameterIfAbsent(Constants.HEARTBEAT_KEY, String.valueOf(Constants.DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT));
//默认使用netty
String str = url.getParameter(Constants.SERVER_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_REMOTING_SERVER);
if (str != null && str.length() > 0 && ! ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Transporter.class).hasExtension(str))
throw new RpcException("Unsupported server type: " str ", url: " url);
//默认使用dubbo协议编码
url = url.addParameter(Constants.CODEC_KEY, Version.isCompatibleVersion() ? COMPATIBLE_CODEC_NAME : DubboCodec.NAME);
ExchangeServer server;
try {
//HeaderExchangeServer 在此处已经开启了Netty Server 进行监听
server = Exchangers.bind(url, requestHandler);
} catch (RemotingException e) {
throw new RpcException("Fail to start server(url: " url ") " e.getMessage(), e);
}
str = url.getParameter(Constants.CLIENT_KEY);
if (str != null && str.length() > 0) {
Set<String> supportedTypes = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Transporter.class).getSupportedExtensions();
if (!supportedTypes.contains(str)) {
throw new RpcException("Unsupported client type: " str);
}
}
return server;
}
在上面的代码中:Exchangers.bind(url, requestHandler) 默认为:HeaderExchanger.bind()
public ExchangeServer bind(URL url, ExchangeHandler handler) throws RemotingException {
//Transporters默认为NettyTransporter
return new HeaderExchangeServer(Transporters.bind(url, new DecodeHandler(new HeaderExchangeHandler(handler))));
}
代码运行到这里可以看到传输方式了,dubbo默认采用的通信方式为 NettyTransporter ,再来看NettyTransporter.bind方法
public static final String NAME = "netty";
public Server bind(URL url, ChannelHandler listener) throws RemotingException {
return new NettyServer(url, listener);
}
已经能看到NettyServer了,dubbo在暴露服务最终开启的netty服务监听,监听消费者发送的请求,通过反射调用方法得到结果通过 tcp/ip 网络传输返回给消费者。再进入到NettyServer中我们就能看到非常传统的开启Netty服务的代码了
protected void doOpen() throws Throwable {
NettyHelper.setNettyLoggerFactory();
ExecutorService boss = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyServerBoss", true));
ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyServerWorker", true));
//最后一个参数为 NIO 最大工作线程数
ChannelFactory channelFactory = new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(boss, worker, getUrl().getPositiveParameter(Constants.IO_THREADS_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_IO_THREADS));
//netty server 启动器
bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(channelFactory);
final NettyHandler nettyHandler = new NettyHandler(getUrl(), this);
channels = nettyHandler.getChannels();
// https://issues.jboss.org/browse/NETTY-365
// https://issues.jboss.org/browse/NETTY-379
// final Timer timer = new HashedWheelTimer(new NamedThreadFactory("NettyIdleTimer", true));
bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() {
NettyCodecAdapter adapter = new NettyCodecAdapter(getCodec() ,getUrl(), NettyServer.this);
ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
/*int idleTimeout = getIdleTimeout();
if (idleTimeout > 10000) {
pipeline.addLast("timer", new IdleStateHandler(timer, idleTimeout / 1000, 0, 0));
}*/
pipeline.addLast("decoder", adapter.getDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", adapter.getEncoder());
pipeline.addLast("handler", nettyHandler);
return pipeline;
}
});
// 创建一个绑定到指定地址的新通道,也就是绑定IP、端口供客户端连接
channel = bootstrap.bind(getBindAddress());
}
上面的代码执行完成后,netty的服务端就已经开启了,可以接收客户端的连接了,但客户端连接上来要怎么处理呢?消息接收、发送怎么处理呢?所有的处理都在上面代码的 NettyHandler类中,Nettyhandler继承了Netty包中的的SimpleChannelHandler
NettyHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler
重写了 channelConnected、channelDisconnected、messageReceived等方法,而我们比较关注的可能是messagereceived方法,在收到消息时如何处理,但今天暂时先不看dubbo如果处理消息,只看暴露,消息处理如何实现异步通信下一节再讲。
/**
* 收到消息时触发
* @param ctx
* @param e
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
NettyChannel channel = NettyChannel.getOrAddChannel(ctx.getChannel(), url, handler);
try {
handler.received(channel, e.getMessage());
} finally {
NettyChannel.removeChannelIfDisconnected(ctx.getChannel());
}
}
从前面知道,开启netty服务是在RegistryProtocol.export 的 doLocalExport 中,在开启了netty服务后,就是在zookeeper上注册服务节点了,消费者在消费服务时会根据消费的接口名找到对应的zookeeper节点目录,对目录进行监听,接收推送
//registry provider
final Registry registry = getRegistry(originInvoker);
final URL registedProviderUrl = getRegistedProviderUrl(originInvoker);
//调用zodoRegister的doRegister 创建zookeeper的服务节点
registry.register(registedProviderUrl);
// 订阅override数据
// FIXME 提供者订阅时,会影响同一JVM即暴露服务,又引用同一服务的的场景,因为subscribed以服务名为缓存的key,导致订阅信息覆盖。
final URL overrideSubscribeUrl = getSubscribedOverrideUrl(registedProviderUrl);
final OverrideListener overrideSubscribeListener = new OverrideListener(overrideSubscribeUrl);
overrideListeners.put(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);
//订阅
registry.subscribe(overrideSubscribeUrl, overrideSubscribeListener);
dubbo服务在zookeeper上的节点注册是:com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.support.FailbackRegistry#register
@Override
public void register(URL url) {
super.register(url);
failedRegistered.remove(url);
failedUnregistered.remove(url);
try {
// 向服务器端发送注册请求
doRegister(url);
因为doRegister是一个抽象的方法,查看他的实现可以看到:
从上图可以看到doRegister实现有 dubbo、redis、zookeeper,这也是在我们配置时经常看到的 注册协议的配置 ,最为常用的就是 zookeeper了,所以再看ZookeeperRegistry的代码,看他的doRegistry干什么了如下
protected void doRegister(URL url) {
try {
zkClient.create(toUrlPath(url), url.getParameter(Constants.DYNAMIC_KEY, true));
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new RpcException("Failed to register " url " to zookeeper " getUrl() ", cause: " e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
其实从上面已经可以看到 在zookeeper上面创建 节点了,默认不分组的情况下,服务结构如下:/dubbo/XXXXservice/consumers、providers
至此,dubbo的暴露基本上已经完成,开启了netty服务,注册了zookeeper的节点,就等着消费者连接上来使用了。下一节将介绍dubbo的消息发送和接收,NIO异步通讯的实现。