Spring Cloud 2.x系列之RestTemplate+Ribbon整合断路器Hystrix

2022-06-30 16:29:59 浏览数 (1)

在微服务架构中,根据业务需求拆分成一个个的微小服务,然后服务与服务之间可以相互RPC远程调用。在Spring Cloud可以使用RestTemplate Ribbon或者Feign来进行RPC远程调用。为了保证服务高可用性,单个服务通常会进行集群部署。由于网络原因或者自身的原因,服务并不能保证百分之一百可用,如果服务方出现问题,调用这个服务就会出现线程阻塞,此时若有出现大量请求,导致服务方瘫痪。这时断路器就派上用场了。

当对某个服务的调用的不可用达到一个阀值(Hystric 默认是5秒20次)断路器将会被自动被打开。断路打开后, fallback方法可以直接返回一个预先设置的固定值。

1、 新建项目sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon-hystrix,对应的pom.xml文件

代码语言:javascript复制
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>



   <groupId>spring-cloud</groupId>

   <artifactId>sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon</artifactId>

   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

   <packaging>jar</packaging>



   <name>sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon</name>

   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>



   <parent>

      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

      <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>

   </parent>


   <dependencyManagement>

      <dependencies>

        <dependency>

           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

           <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>

           <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>

           <type>pom</type>

           <scope>import</scope>

        </dependency>

      </dependencies>

   </dependencyManagement>

   <properties>

      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

      <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>

      <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

   </properties>

   <dependencies>

      <dependency>

        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>

      </dependency>

      <!-- <dependency>

           <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

           <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>

           <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>-->

      <dependency>

        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>

      </dependency>

      <dependency>

          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

      </dependency>


      <!--    
      <dependency>

         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

          <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>

         <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>

      </dependency>-->
      <dependency>

          <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

          <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>

          <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>

      </dependency>

   </dependencies>

</project>

备注:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix已经在spring cloud 2.x标注成过期。推荐使用spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix

2、 新建spring boot 启动类ConsumerApplication.java

代码语言:javascript复制
package sc.consumer;



import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableEurekaClient

@EnableHystrix

publicclass ConsumerHystrixApplication{


   publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {


      SpringApplication.run(ConsumerHystrixApplication.class, args);


   }

}

可以看出这个启动类只是比【Spring Cloud 2.x系列之服务发现&服务消费者Ribbon】的启动类添加多了一个注解EbnableHystrix(启动断路器)

3、 编写服务类,并添加断路器注解

代码语言:javascript复制
package sc.consumer.service.impl;



import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

importcom.github.andrewoma.dexx.collection.ArrayList;

importcom.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;

importsc.consumer.model.User;

importsc.consumer.service.UserService;


@Service

publicclassUserServiceImpl implements UserService{



   @Autowired

   privateRestTemplate restTemplate;



   @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod= "getUserError")

   @Override

   publicMap<String, Object> getUser(Long id) {

      returnrestTemplate.getForObject("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/getUser/{1}", Map.class, id);

   }


   publicMap<String, Object> getUserError(Long id){

      Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

      map.put("code", "000000");

      map.put("msg", "ok");

      User u = new User();

      u.setId(-1L);

      u.setUserName("failName");

      map.put("body", u);

      returnmap;

   }



   @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod= "listUserError")

   @Override

   publicMap<String, Object> listUser() {

      returnrestTemplate.getForObject("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/listUser", Map.class);

   }



   publicMap<String, Object> listUserError(){

      Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

      map.put("code", "000000");

      map.put("msg", "ok");

      map.put("body", new ArrayList<User>());

      returnmap;

   }



   @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod= "addUserError")

   @Override

   publicMap<String, Object> addUser(User user) {

      returnrestTemplate.postForObject("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/addUser", user, Map.class);

   }



   publicMap<String, Object> addUserError(User user){

      Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

      map.put("code", "000000");

      map.put("msg", "ok");

      map.put("body", 0);

      returnmap;

   }



   @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod= "updateUserError")

   @Override

   publicMap<String, Object> updateUser(User user) {

   restTemplate.put("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/updateUser",user);

      Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

      map.put("code", "000000");

      map.put("msg", "ok");

      returnmap;

   }



   publicMap<String, Object> updateUserError(User user){

      Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

      map.put("code", "000000");

      map.put("msg", "ok");

      map.put("body", 0);

      returnmap;

   }



   @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod= "deleteUserError")

   @Override

   publicMap<String, Object> deleteUser(Long id) {

   restTemplate.delete("http://sc-eureka-client-provider:8200/user/deleteUser/{id}", id);

      Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

      map.put("code", "000000");

      map.put("msg", "ok");

      returnmap;

   }



   publicMap<String, Object> deleteUserError(Long id){

      Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

      map.put("code", "000000");

      map.put("msg", "ok");

      map.put("body", 0);

      returnmap;

   }



}

添加HystrixCommand注解,对应的参数fallbackMethod值为当方式服务方无法调用时,返回预设值得方法名。

4、 新建配置文件bootstrap.yml和application.yml

bootstrap.yml

代码语言:javascript复制
server:
  port: 5600

application.yml

代码语言:javascript复制
spring:

  application:

    name: sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon-hystrix



eureka:

  instance:

    hostname:127.0.0.1

  client:

    #由于该应用为注册中心,所以设置为false,代表不向注册中心注册自己

    registerWithEureka: true

    #由于注册中心的职责就是维护服务实例,它并不需要去检索服务,所以也设置为false

    fetchRegistry: true

    serviceUrl:

      defaultZone:http://127.0.0.1:5001/eureka/

5、 其他项目文件参加下图

6、 分别启动注册中心sc-eureka-server和服务提供者sc-eureka-client-provider

7、 启动sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon-hystrix,并验证是否启动成功

方式一:查看日志

方式二:查看注册中心是否注册成功

8、 验证断路器是否起作用

(1) 服务提供者正常时访问:

http://127.0.0.1:5600/cli/user/getUser/4

正常返回数据库里的数据

(2) 服务提供者关闭时访问:

http://127.0.0.1:5600/cli/user/getUser/4

对比两个返回的数据,可以看出服务提供者关闭时,返回的数据是在程序写死的数据,如下图:

其他方法可以自行按照以上方式进行验证。

源码:

代码语言:javascript复制
https://gitee.com/hjj520/spring-cloud-2.x/tree/master/sc-eureka-client-consumer-ribbon-hystrix

0 人点赞