Action
具体视图的返回可以由用户自己定义的Action来决定,具体的手段是根据返回的字符串找到对应的配置项,来决定视图的内容
一、具体Action的实现 1、可以是一个普通的java类,里面有public String execute方法即可
代码语言:javascript复制package com.ncepu.struts;
public class Action1 {
public String execute()
{
System.out.print("在普通类中定义execute()方法");
return("success");
}
}
2、或者实现Action接口
代码语言:javascript复制package com.ncepu.struts;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
public class Action2 implements Action {
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.print("实现Action接口");
return "success";
}
}
3、不过最常用的是从ActionSupport继承,好处在于可以直接使用Struts2封装好的方法
代码语言:javascript复制package com.ncepu.struts;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Action3 extends ActionSupport {
public String execute()
{
System.out.print("继承ActionSupport类");
return("success");
}
}
二、helloworld 例子中里面action没有配置class
代码语言:javascript复制<action name="hello">
<result>
/index.jsp
</result>
</action>
就是默认为ActionSupport,里面的execute方法返回success
代码语言:javascript复制public String execute() throws Exception {
return SUCCESS;
}
三、DMI(dynami method invocation)动态方法调用
1、action不一定非得执行execute方法,可以指定调用具体的方法。不写的话默认为execute方法
action方法中的method方法指定调用具体的方法。
代码语言:javascript复制<action name="action1" class="com.ncepu.struts2.Action1" method="notexecute">
<result name="success">
/index.jsp
</result>
</action>
2、DMI 动态方法调用 用!号
代码语言:javascript复制<action name="user" class="com.ncepu.struts2.Action1" >
<result name="success">
/add.jsp
</result>
</action>
jsp中<a href=”user!add”>添加学生</a> 自动调用Action1下面的add方法 也可直接访问 http://localhost:8080/Struts2_DMI/user!add
四、通配符 action配置
代码语言:javascript复制<action name="*_*" class="com.ncepu.struts2.{1}Action" method="{2}{1}">
<result name="success">
/{2}_{1}.jsp
</result>
</action>
jsp页面链接
代码语言:javascript复制 <a href="Student_add">添加学生</a>
<a href="Student_delete">删除学生</a>
<a href="Teacher_add">添加教师</a>
<a href="Teacher_delete">删除教师</a>
也可直接访问http://localhost:8080/Struts2_tongpeifu2/Student_delete思考: 仅用动态方法调用,result对于不同的action无法配置。要不只能到学生的jsp 要不只能到教师的jsp。 五、action接收参数 1、<a href=”user!add?name=12345&password=12345″>添加学生</a> 其中name和password是 action中的参数,并且有相应的getter和setter方法 2、使用Domain Model接收参数(最常用)
<a href=”user/user!add?user.name=a&user.password=8″>添加用户</a> 其中user是action中的参数,有getter和setter方法,而user是我们自己定义的域模型,里面有name和password参数
代码语言:javascript复制package com.ncepu.struts2;
import com.ncepu.struts2.entity.User;
public class Action1 {
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public String add() {
System.out.println("添加的name=" this.user.getName() "添加的password=" this.user.getPassword());
return ("success");
}
}
或者用DTO传输数据,相当于VO value object ),比如注册的时候,得输入两遍密码,可以定义一个vo,包含3个属性,用户名,密码,确认密码,然后根据vo生成实体,该实体只包含用户名和密码两个属性。
3、使用ModelDriven接收参数
action实现ModelDriven接口,里面生成一个模型对象
代码语言:javascript复制public class Action1 extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{
private User user = new User();
public String add() {
System.out.println("name=" user.getName());
System.out.println("age=" user.getPassword());
return SUCCESS;
}
public User getModel() {
return user;
}
}
<a href=”user/user!add?name=a&password=8″>添加用户</a>
会直接把属性设置到getModel方法获得的模型上面。
六、中文乱码问题
<form action=”user!add” method=”post”> 必须为post ,get就出错,action得不到值
七、简单验证
代码语言:javascript复制 public String add() {
if(name == null || !name.equals("admin")) {
this.addFieldError("nameerror", "name is error");
this.addFieldError("nameerror", "name is too long");
this.addFieldError("passworderror", "password is not correct!");
return ERROR;
}
return SUCCESS;
}
相应的在页面上
代码语言:javascript复制 <s:fielderror fieldName="nameerror" theme="simple" />
<s:fielderror fieldName="passworderror" theme="simple" />
<s:property value="errors.nameerror" /> <s:property value="errors.nameerror[0]" />
<s:property value="errors.nameerror[1]" />
<s:property value="errors.passworderror" /><s:property value="errors.passworderror[0]" />
<s:debug></s:debug>
errors fieldErrors和action中所有的属性都会存在Value Stack Contents中 fielderror相当于一个数组,可以取所有,也可以取一个。 八、获得web元素4种方法
map类型的request session application(1、通过容器获得,2、实现aware接口通过IoC获得)
真实类型的request session application(3、通过容器获得,4、实现aware接口通过IoC获得)
1、通过容器获得map类型的request session application
代码语言:javascript复制package com.struts2.action;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Action1 extends ActionSupport {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Map<String, Object> request;
private Map<String, Object> session;
private Map<String, Object> application;
public Action1() {
request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
}
public String execute() {
request.put("r1", "requestpara");
session.put("s1", "sessionpara");
application.put("a1", "applicationpara");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
2、实现aware接口通过IoC获得map类型的request session application,(最常用)
代码语言:javascript复制package com.struts2.action;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Action2 extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,
SessionAware, ApplicationAware {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Map<String, Object> request;
private Map<String, Object> session;
private Map<String, Object> application;
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
this.request = request;
}
public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
this.session = session;
}
public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
this.application = application;
}
public String execute() {
request.put("r1", "requestpara");
session.put("s1", "sessionpara");
application.put("a1", "applicationpara");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
3、通过容器获得真实类型的request session application
代码语言:javascript复制package com.struts2.action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Action3 extends ActionSupport {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpSession session;
ServletContext application;
public Action3() {
request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
session = request.getSession();
application = session.getServletContext();
}
public String execute() {
request.setAttribute("r1", "requestpara");
session.setAttribute("s1", "sessionpara");
application.setAttribute("a1", "applicationpara");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
4、实现aware接口通过IoC获得真实类型的request session application
代码语言:javascript复制package com.struts2.action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Action4 extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpSession session;
ServletContext application;
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
this.session = request.getSession();
application = session.getServletContext();
}
public String execute() {
request.setAttribute("r1", "requestpara");
session.setAttribute("s1", "sessionpara");
application.setAttribute("a1", "applicationpara");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
login_success.jsp
代码语言:javascript复制<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030" />
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
User Login Success!
<br />
<s:property value="#request.r1"/> | <%=request.getAttribute("r1") %> <br />
<s:property value="#session.s1"/> | <%=session.getAttribute("s1") %> <br />
<s:property value="#application.a1"/> | <%=application.getAttribute("a1") %> <br />
<s:property value="#attr.a1"/><br />
<s:property value="#attr.s1"/><br />
<s:property value="#attr.r1"/><br />
<s:debug></s:debug>
<br />
</body>
</html>
九、include 包含其他配置action的xml文件
代码语言:javascript复制<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<include file="module1.xml"></include>
</struts>
而module1.xml文件中配置着action
十、namespace的默认action
代码语言:javascript复制<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="default" namespace="/action" extends="struts-default">
<default-action-ref name="action1"></default-action-ref>
<action name="action1" class="com.ncepu.struts2.Action1">
<result name="success">
/default.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
每个package可以有一个默认的action,当没有匹配的时候时,就使用它,如用户输入错误时,根据他跳到默认的错误界面
十一、路径问题
1、action跳转
result都需要指定目标资源的URL,如果这个路径以“/”开始。代表的是应用程序根目录。
代码语言:javascript复制<package name="default" namespace="/path" extends="struts-default">
<action name="hello">
<result>
/path.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package>
其中path在webroot根目录下。能找到。如果是下面的配置
代码语言:javascript复制<package name="default" namespace="/path" extends="struts-default">
<action name="hello">
<result>
path.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package>
则不行,当前目录是Struts2_path/path/hello.action,相当于在当前目录查找,即/Struts2_path/path/path.jsp
2、jsp链接都使用绝对路径:
代码语言:javascript复制<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() "://" request.getServerName() ":" request.getServerPort() path "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<a href="path.jsp"> path.jsp</a> <br>
</body>
</html>
定义path ,然后再head便签中添加<base href=”<%=basePath%>”>,相当于都从web应用的根目录下面找。
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