7 种提升 Spring Boot 吞吐量神技!

2022-07-06 20:11:33 浏览数 (1)

一、异步执行

实现方式二种:

1. 使用异步注解@aysnc、启动类:添加@EnableAsync注解

2. JDK 8本身有一个非常好用的Future类——CompletableFuture

代码语言:javascript复制
@AllArgsConstructor
public class AskThread implements Runnable{
    private CompletableFuture<Integer> re = null;

    public void run() {
        int myRe = 0;
        try {
            myRe = re.get() * re.get();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(myRe);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
        new Thread(new AskThread(future)).start();
        //模拟长时间的计算过程
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        //告知完成结果
        future.complete(60);
    }
}

在该示例中,启动一个线程,此时AskThread对象还没有拿到它需要的数据,执行到 myRe = re.get() * re.get()会阻塞。我们用休眠1秒来模拟一个长时间的计算过程,并将计算结果告诉future执行结果,AskThread线程将会继续执行。如果您正在学习Spring Boot,那么推荐一个连载多年还在继续更新的免费教程:http://blog.didispace.com/spring-boot-learning-2x/

代码语言:javascript复制
public class Calc {
    public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
        try {
            //模拟一个长时间的执行
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return para * para;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        final CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50))
                .thenApply((i) -> Integer.toString(i))
                .thenApply((str) -> """   str   """)
                .thenAccept(System.out::println);
        future.get();
    }
}

CompletableFuture.supplyAsync方法构造一个CompletableFuture实例,在supplyAsync()方法中,它会在一个新线程中,执行传入的参数。在这里它会执行calc()方法,这个方法可能是比较慢的,但这并不影响CompletableFuture实例的构造速度,supplyAsync()会立即返回。

而返回的CompletableFuture实例就可以作为这次调用的契约,在将来任何场合,用于获得最终的计算结果。最近整理了一份最新的面试资料,里面收录了2021年各个大厂的面试题,打算跳槽的小伙伴不要错过,点击领取吧!

supplyAsync用于提供返回值的情况,CompletableFuture还有一个不需要返回值的异步调用方法runAsync(Runnable runnable),一般我们在优化Controller时,使用这个方法比较多。这两个方法如果在不指定线程池的情况下,都是在ForkJoinPool.common线程池中执行,而这个线程池中的所有线程都是Daemon(守护)线程,所以,当主线程结束时,这些线程无论执行完毕都会退出系统。

核心代码:

代码语言:javascript复制
CompletableFuture.runAsync(() ->
   this.afterBetProcessor(betRequest,betDetailResult,appUser,id)
);

异步调用使用Callable来实现

代码语言:javascript复制
@RestController  
public class HelloController { 
  
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class); 
      
    @Autowired  
    private HelloService hello; 
  
    @GetMapping("/helloworld") 
    public String helloWorldController() { 
        return hello.sayHello(); 
    } 
  
    /** 
     * 异步调用restful 
     * 当controller返回值是Callable的时候,springmvc就会启动一个线程将Callable交给TaskExecutor去处理 
     * 然后DispatcherServlet还有所有的spring拦截器都退出主线程,然后把response保持打开的状态 
     * 当Callable执行结束之后,springmvc就会重新启动分配一个request请求,然后DispatcherServlet就重新 
     * 调用和处理Callable异步执行的返回结果, 然后返回视图 
     * 
     * @return 
     */  
    @GetMapping("/hello") 
    public Callable<String> helloController() { 
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 进入helloController方法"); 
        Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() { 
  
            @Override  
            public String call() throws Exception { 
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 进入call方法"); 
                String say = hello.sayHello(); 
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 从helloService方法返回"); 
                return say; 
            } 
        }; 
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 从helloController方法返回"); 
        return callable; 
    } 
}

异步调用的方式 WebAsyncTask

代码语言:javascript复制
@RestController  
public class HelloController { 
  
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class); 
      
    @Autowired  
    private HelloService hello; 
  
        /** 
     * 带超时时间的异步请求 通过WebAsyncTask自定义客户端超时间 
     * 
     * @return 
     */  
    @GetMapping("/world") 
    public WebAsyncTask<String> worldController() { 
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 进入helloController方法"); 
  
        // 3s钟没返回,则认为超时 
        WebAsyncTask<String> webAsyncTask = new WebAsyncTask<>(3000, new Callable<String>() { 
  
            @Override  
            public String call() throws Exception { 
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 进入call方法"); 
                String say = hello.sayHello(); 
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 从helloService方法返回"); 
                return say; 
            } 
        }); 
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 从helloController方法返回"); 
  
        webAsyncTask.onCompletion(new Runnable() { 
  
            @Override  
            public void run() { 
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 执行完毕"); 
            } 
        }); 
  
        webAsyncTask.onTimeout(new Callable<String>() { 
  
            @Override  
            public String call() throws Exception { 
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " onTimeout"); 
                // 超时的时候,直接抛异常,让外层统一处理超时异常 
                throw new TimeoutException("调用超时"); 
            } 
        }); 
        return webAsyncTask; 
    } 
  
    /** 
     * 异步调用,异常处理,详细的处理流程见MyExceptionHandler类 
     * 
     * @return 
     */  
    @GetMapping("/exception") 
    public WebAsyncTask<String> exceptionController() { 
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 进入helloController方法"); 
        Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() { 
  
            @Override  
            public String call() throws Exception { 
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 进入call方法"); 
                throw new TimeoutException("调用超时!"); 
            } 
        }; 
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 从helloController方法返回"); 
        return new WebAsyncTask<>(20000, callable); 
    } 
  
}
二、增加内嵌Tomcat的最大连接数
代码语言:javascript复制
@Configuration
public class TomcatConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory webServerFactory() {
        TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatFactory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
        tomcatFactory.addConnectorCustomizers(new MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer());
        tomcatFactory.setPort(8005);
        tomcatFactory.setContextPath("/api-g");
        return tomcatFactory;
    }
    class MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer implements TomcatConnectorCustomizer {
        public void customize(Connector connector) {
            Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
            //设置最大连接数 
            protocol.setMaxConnections(20000);
            //设置最大线程数 
            protocol.setMaxThreads(2000);
            protocol.setConnectionTimeout(30000);
        }
    }

}
三、使用@ComponentScan()定位扫包比@SpringBootApplication扫包更快
四、默认tomcat容器改为Undertow(Jboss下的服务器,Tomcat吞吐量5000,Undertow吞吐量8000)
代码语言:javascript复制
<exclusions>
  <exclusion>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
  </exclusion>
</exclusions>

改为:

代码语言:javascript复制
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency>
五、使用 BufferedWriter 进行缓冲
六、Deferred方式实现异步调用
代码语言:javascript复制
@RestController
public class AsyncDeferredController {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    private final LongTimeTask taskService;
    
    @Autowired
    public AsyncDeferredController(LongTimeTask taskService) {
        this.taskService = taskService;
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/deferred")
    public DeferredResult<String> executeSlowTask() {
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   "进入executeSlowTask方法");
        DeferredResult<String> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>();
        // 调用长时间执行任务
        taskService.execute(deferredResult);
        // 当长时间任务中使用deferred.setResult("world");这个方法时,会从长时间任务中返回,继续controller里面的流程
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   "从executeSlowTask方法返回");
        // 超时的回调方法
        deferredResult.onTimeout(new Runnable(){
  
   @Override
   public void run() {
    logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " onTimeout");
    // 返回超时信息
    deferredResult.setErrorResult("time out!");
   }
  });
        
        // 处理完成的回调方法,无论是超时还是处理成功,都会进入这个回调方法
        deferredResult.onCompletion(new Runnable(){
  
   @Override
   public void run() {
    logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " onCompletion");
   }
  });
        
        return deferredResult;
    }
}
七、异步调用可以使用AsyncHandlerInterceptor进行拦截
代码语言:javascript复制
@Component
public class MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor implements AsyncHandlerInterceptor {
 
 private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor.class);
 
 @Override
 public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
   throws Exception {
  return true;
 }
 
 @Override
 public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
   ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
// HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
  logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()  "服务调用完成,返回结果给客户端");
 }
 
 @Override
 public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
   throws Exception {
  if(null != ex){
   System.out.println("发生异常:" ex.getMessage());
  }
 }
 
 @Override
 public void afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
   throws Exception {
  
  // 拦截之后,重新写回数据,将原来的hello world换成如下字符串
  String resp = "my name is chhliu!";
  response.setContentLength(resp.length());
  response.getOutputStream().write(resp.getBytes());
  
  logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()   " 进入afterConcurrentHandlingStarted方法");
 }
 
}
参考

  • https://my.oschina.net/u/3768341/blog/3001731
  • https://blog.csdn.net/liuchuanhong1/article/details/78744138

来源:https://xhcom.blog.csdn.net/article/details/88046026

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