第１２章 连接和协议：编写Web服务器
基于socket的客户/服务器程序遵循一个标准架构．服务器接收和处理请求，客户 发出请求
服务器建立服务器端socket.服务器端socket有具体的地址，用来接收连接
客户创建和使用客户端socket．客户并不关心客户端socket的地址
服务器可以用两种方法之一处理请求：自己处理，或fork创建新进程处理请求
Web服务器是最受欢迎的基于socket的程序．Web服务器处理３种类型的请求： 返回文件内容，目录列表和运行程序．请求和应答协议称为HTTP
服务器的设计问题：DIY或代理 DIY:服务器接收请求，自己处理工作．用于快速简单的任务 代理：服务器接收请求，然后创建一个新进程处理工作．用于慢速复杂的任务
Web服务器协议： HTTP请求：GET telnet创建socket并调用connect来连接到Web服务器． HTTP请求：GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 三部分分别是：命令，参数，协议版本号
HTTP应答：OK 服务器读取请求，检查请求，然后返回一个请求．应答包含头部和内容两部分． 头部：HTTP/1.1 200 OK 三部分分别是：协议版本号，返回码，文本解释 内容是具体的网页内容
Code
socklib.c 包含了建立服务器的封装好的函数 编译命令: cc webserv.c socklib.c -o webserv 输入命令: ./webserv 8888 即可将本地作为服务器，端口是8888 通过浏览器输入 http://ip:8888 即可访问服务
代码语言：javascript复制/*
* socklib.c
*
* This file contains functions used lots when writing internet
* client/server programs. The two main functions here are:
*
* int make_server_socket(portnum) returns a server socket or -1
* if error
* int make_server_socket_q(portnum, backlog)
*
* int connect_to_server(char * hostname, int portnum)
* returns a connected socket or -1 if error
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <strings.h>
#define HOSTLEN 256
#define BACKLOG 1
int make_server_socket_q(int, int);
int make_server_socket(int portnum)
{
return make_server_socket_q(portnum, BACKLOG);
}
int make_server_socket_q(int portnum, int backlog)
{
struct sockaddr_in saddr;
struct hostent *hp;
char hostname[HOSTLEN];
int sock_id;
sock_id = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock_id == -1)
return -1;
bzero((void *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));
gethostname(hostname, HOSTLEN);
printf("hostname %sn", hostname);
hp = gethostbyname(hostname);
char str[32];
char **pptr;
pptr = hp->h_addr_list;
// printf("id %sn", inet_ntop(hp->h_addrtype, *pptr, str, sizeof(str)));
for (int i = 0; i < hp->h_length; i)
{
printf("%d",(int)hp->h_addr[i]);
if (i != hp->h_length-1)
printf(".");
}
printf("n");
bcopy((void *)hp->h_addr, (void *)&saddr.sin_addr, hp->h_length);
saddr.sin_port = htons(portnum);
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (bind(sock_id, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0)
return -1;
if (listen(sock_id, backlog) != 0)
return -1;
return sock_id;
}
int connect_to_server(char *host, int portnum)
{
int sock;
struct sockaddr_in servadd;
struct hostent *hp;
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock == -1)
return -1;
bzero(&servadd, sizeof(servadd));
hp = gethostbyname(host);
if (hp == NULL)
return -1;
bcopy(hp->h_addr, (struct sockaddr *)&servadd.sin_addr, hp->h_length);
servadd.sin_port = htons(portnum);
servadd.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&servadd, sizeof(servadd)) != 0)
return -1;
return sock;
}/*
* webserv.c - a minimal web server(version 0.2)
*
* usage: ws portnumber
* features: supports the GET command only
* runs in the current directory
* forks a new child to handle each request
* has MAJOR security holes, for demo purposes only
* has many other weaknesses, but is a good start
* build: cc webserv.c socklib.c -o webserv
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
main(int ac, char * av[])
{
int sock, fd;
FILE *fpin;
char request[BUFSIZ];
if (ac == 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage: ws portnumn");
exit(1);
}
sock = make_server_socket(atoi(av[1]));
if (sock == -1)
exit(2);
// main loop here
while (1)
{
printf("Begin acceptn");
// take a call and buffer it
fd = accept(sock, NULL, NULL);
fpin = fdopen(fd, "r");
// read request
fgets(request, BUFSIZ, fpin);
printf("got a call: request = %s", request);
read_til_crnl(fpin);
// do what client asks
process_rq(request, fd);
fclose(fpin);
}
}
/*
* read_til_crnl(FILE *)
* skip over all request info until a CRNL is seen
*/
read_til_crnl(FILE *fp)
{
char buf[BUFSIZ];
while (fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, fp) != NULL && strcmp(buf, "rn") != 0)
;
}
/*
* process_rq(char *rq, int fd)
* do what the request asks for and write reply to fd
* handles request in a new process
* rq is HTTP command: GET /foo/bar.html HTTP/1.0
*/
process_rq(char *rq, int fd)
{
char cmd[BUFSIZ], arg[BUFSIZ];
// create a new process and return if not the child
if (fork() != 0)
return;
// precede args with ./*/
strcpy(arg, "./");
if (sscanf(rq, "%s%s", cmd, arg 2) != 2)
return;
printf("arg %sn", arg);
if (strcmp(cmd, "GET") != 0)
cannot_do(fd);
else if (not_exist(arg))
do_404(arg, fd);
else if (isadir(arg))
do_ls(arg, fd);
else if (ends_in_cgi(arg))
do_exec(arg, fd);
else
do_cat(arg, fd);
}
/*
* the reply header thing: all functions need one
* if content_type is NULL then don't send content type
*/
header(FILE *fp, char *content_type)
{
fprintf(fp, "HTTP/1.0 200 OKrn");
if (content_type)
fprintf(fp, "Content-type: %srn", content_type);
}
/*
* simple functions first:
* cannot_do(fd) unimplemented HTTP command
* and do_404(item, fd) no such object
*/
cannot_do(int fd)
{
FILE *fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
fprintf(fp, "HTTP/1.0 501 Not Implementedrn");
fprintf(fp, "Content-type: text/plainrn");
fprintf(fp, "rn");
fprintf(fp, "That command is not yet implementedrn");
fclose(fp);
}
do_404(char *item, int fd)
{
FILE *fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
fprintf(fp, "HTTP/1.0 404 Not Foundrn");
fprintf(fp, "Content-type: text/plainrn");
fprintf(fp, "rn");
fprintf(fp, "The item you requested: %srn is not foundrn", item);
fclose(fp);
}
/*
* the directory listing section
* isadir() uses stat, not_exist() uses stat
* do_ls run ls. It should not
*/
isadir(char *f)
{
struct stat info;
return (stat(f, &info) != -1 && S_ISDIR(info.st_mode));
}
not_exist(char *f)
{
struct stat info;
return (stat(f, &info) == -1);
}
do_ls(char *dir, int fd)
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
header(fp, "text/plain");
fprintf(fp, "rn");
fflush(fp);
dup2(fd, 1);
dup2(fd, 2);
close(fd);
execlp("ls", "ls", "-l", dir, NULL);
perror(dir);
exit(1);
}
/*
* the cgi stuff. function to check extension and
* one to run the program
*/
char *file_type(char *f)
{
char *cp;
if ((cp = strrchr(f, '.')) != NULL)
return cp 1;
return "";
}
ends_in_cgi(char *f)
{
return (strcmp(file_type(f), "cgi") == 0);
}
do_exec(char *prog, int fd)
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
header(fp, NULL);
fflush(fp);
dup2(fd, 1);
dup2(fd, 2);
close(fd);
execl(prog, prog, NULL);
perror(prog);
}
/*
* do_cat(filename, fd)
* sends back contents after a header
*/
do_cat(char *f, int fd)
{
char *extension = file_type(f);
char *content = "text/plain";
FILE *fpsock, *fpfile;
int c;
if (strcmp(extension, "html") == 0)
content = "text/html";
else if (strcmp(extension, "gif") == 0)
content = "image/gif";
else if (strcmp(extension, "jpg") == 0)
content = "image/jpg";
else if (strcmp(extension, "jpeg") == 0)
content = "image/jpeg";
fpsock = fdopen(fd, "w");
fpfile = fopen(f, "r");
if (fpsock != NULL && fpfile != NULL)
{
header(fpsock, content);
fprintf(fpsock, "rn");
while ((c = getc(fpfile)) != EOF)
putc(c, fpsock);
fclose(fpfile);
fclose(fpsock);
}
exit(0);
}
