Django 视图 之FBV与CBV

2022-03-25 18:55:28 浏览数 (1)

Django 视图之FBV 与 CBV

  • FBV(function base views) 基于函数的视图,就是在视图里使用函数处理请求
  • CBV(class base views) 基于类的视图,就是在视图里使用类处理请求

FBV

FBV基于函数的这种类型我们一直在使用,比如:

代码语言:javascript复制
'''urls.py'''
urlpatterns = [
    path("login/", views.login),
]
'''views.py'''
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return HttpResponse("GET 方法")
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("user")
        password = request.POST.get("pwd")
        if username == "Hammer" and password == "123":
            return HttpResponse("POST 方法")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("POST other方法")
        
# 访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/ 返回:---》GET 方法        

CBV

基于类的视图,就是使用了类来处理用户的请求,不同的请求我们可以在类中使用不同方法来处理,这样大大的提高了代码的可读性;

基于类的视图实现主要还是通过父类 View 提供的一个静态方法 as_view() ,as_view 方法是基于类的外部接口, 他返回一个视图函数,调用后请求会传递给 dispatch 方法,dispatch 方法再根据不同请求来处理不同的方法。

定义的类要继承父类 View,所以需要先引入库:

代码语言:javascript复制
'''urls.py'''
urlpatterns = [
   path('func2/',views.Func2.as_view()),
]

'''views.py'''
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from django.views import View
class Func2(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return  HttpResponse('get 方法')
    def post(self,request):
        return  HttpResponse('post 方法')
        
# 访问:http://127.0.0.1:8000/func2/ 返回 --》:GET 方法

总结

1、可以通过查看as_view()源码也可以发现,返回了view函数的内存地址,那么运行path('func2/',views.Func2.as_view()),就相当于运行了path('func2/',views.view,因为Func2.as_view()的返回值是view,这样看起来CBV基于类的本质也是基于函数,在满足func2的情况下触发视图函数,源码展示如下:

代码语言:javascript复制
@classonlymethod  # 绑定给类的
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
        """Main entry point for a request-response process."""
        for key in initkwargs:
            if key in cls.http_method_names:
                raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
                                "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
                                % (key, cls.__name__))
            if not hasattr(cls, key):
                raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
                                "only accepts arguments that are already "
                                "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))

        def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
            self = cls(**initkwargs) # self = Func2() ,生成自己写的类的对象
            if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
                self.head = self.get
            self.setup(request, *args, **kwargs)
            if not hasattr(self, 'request'):
                raise AttributeError(
                    "%s instance has no 'request' attribute. Did you override "
                    "setup() and forget to call super()?" % cls.__name__
                )
            return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) 
        view.view_class = cls
        view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs

        # take name and docstring from class
        update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())

        # and possible attributes set by decorators
        # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
        update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
        return view

dispatch方法可以从继承的父类中查找,View

代码语言:javascript复制
# dispatch源码
 def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
        # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
        # request method isn't on the approved list.
        if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) 
            # getattr反射可以通过字符串获取对象的属性或方法,self自己写的类产生的对象,如果拿不到请求方法,报错http_method_not_allowed,最后可以看出,handler就是我们自己写的方法,通过不同请求来触发
        else:
            handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
        return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
    
    # 执行我们写的同名(get)请求方法,并返回该方法的返回值

ps:http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace'],八个基本请求方式

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