之前正常的一个接口突然由api网关返回了406的错误,看了下日志发现服务端报了500错误,为什么某个应用端报的500异常到了api网关却返回了406错误,百思不得其解,最终发现406并不是API网关返回的错误,而是具体的服务端(比如某个springcloud服务),找到这个原因是解决这个问题的根本!!
在讲述具体原因之前,先介绍下406这个错误, 406错误表明服务器端返回的数据客户端无法处理,客户端发送请求时会在http请求头里面加上一些必要的字段比如:
跟406状态有关的是下面这几个请求头属性:
- Accept: 客户端接受的MIME类型,比如text/html等
- Accept-Charset: 客户端接口的字符集,比如UTF-8
- Accept-Encoding: 客户端支持的编码格式,比如gzip,deflate等
- Accept-Language: 客户端接口的语言,比如Engligh、German等
- Accept-Ranges: 分段传输时使用
AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor类writeWithMessageConverters方法
代码语言:javascript复制 protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(T value, MethodParameter returnType,
ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
Object outputValue;
Class<?> valueType;
Type declaredType;
if (value instanceof CharSequence) {
outputValue = value.toString();
valueType = String.class;
declaredType = String.class;
}
else {
outputValue = value;
valueType = getReturnValueType(outputValue, returnType);
declaredType = getGenericType(returnType);
}
HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
List<MediaType> producibleMediaTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, declaredType);
if (outputValue != null && producibleMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("No converter found for return value of type: " valueType);
}
Set<MediaType> compatibleMediaTypes = new LinkedHashSet<MediaType>();
for (MediaType requestedType : requestedMediaTypes) {
for (MediaType producibleType : producibleMediaTypes) {
if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) {
compatibleMediaTypes.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType));
}
}
}
if (compatibleMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
if (outputValue != null) {
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(producibleMediaTypes);
}
return;
}
List<MediaType> mediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>(compatibleMediaTypes);
MediaType.sortBySpecificityAndQuality(mediaTypes);
MediaType selectedMediaType = null;
for (MediaType mediaType : mediaTypes) {
if (mediaType.isConcrete()) {
selectedMediaType = mediaType;
break;
}
else if (mediaType.equals(MediaType.ALL) || mediaType.equals(MEDIA_TYPE_APPLICATION)) {
selectedMediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
break;
}
}
if (selectedMediaType != null) {
selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {
if (messageConverter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter) {
if (((GenericHttpMessageConverter) messageConverter).canWrite(
declaredType, valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
outputValue = (T) getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(outputValue, returnType, selectedMediaType,
(Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) messageConverter.getClass(),
inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (outputValue != null) {
addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
((GenericHttpMessageConverter) messageConverter).write(
outputValue, declaredType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Written [" outputValue "] as "" selectedMediaType
"" using [" messageConverter "]");
}
}
return;
}
}
else if (messageConverter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
outputValue = (T) getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(outputValue, returnType, selectedMediaType,
(Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) messageConverter.getClass(),
inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (outputValue != null) {
addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
((HttpMessageConverter) messageConverter).write(outputValue, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Written [" outputValue "] as "" selectedMediaType
"" using [" messageConverter "]");
}
}
return;
}
}
}
//走到这里说明没有找到具体的HttpMessageConverter把返回内容返回到客户端,下面抛出的
//HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException就对应着406这个状态码
if (outputValue != null) {
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(this.allSupportedMediaTypes);
}
}
好了,上面分析了springcloud服务返回406的问题,下面给出出问题的地方:
代码语言:javascript复制@RestController
@RequestMapping(path="/xxxx", produces="text/html; charset=UTF-8")
public class xxxxController{
@GetMapping("/crash")
public String crash(HttpServletRequest request){
Integer a = null;
a.toString();
return "hello";
}
}
由于该类的RequestMapping声明了返回mime类型为mime,但是抛出异常时就没有找到对应可以处理text/html的HttpMessageConverter,所以返回到客户端成了406,而不是500,但是为什么不抛出异常时该controller没有任何问题呢?
问题就出在不出问题之前,比如注释掉//a.toString(),这时返回的是字符串类型,但是当抛出异常时返回的类型却是map类型的,再加上 produces="text/html; charset=UTF-8"导致没有具体的HttpMessageConverter,所以返回406错误!!