从源码安装Gitlab
Gitlab有著名的一键安装包，点一下脚本自动会帮你装ruby、Redis、Postgresql、Gitlab好方便，而且还会帮你解决Sidekiq无限消耗资源定期重启。有这么多优点为毛还要从源码安装Gitlab。1.CE版本无法使用Mysql库来存储用户数据 2.能了解他的工作机理和细节呗。
官方的文档一直在使用Ubuntu来做例子，但在我们的生产环境全都是RHEL的机器所以这篇文档也以RHEL来进行讲解。此文档写于2015年1月31日，软件版本均为当时最新版本。
安装总览
- 更新仓库源
- 安装必须的软件包
- 安装Ruby
- 安装Go语言
- 创建系统用户
- 安装数据库Mysql
- 安装Redis
- 安装GitLab 8.5.stable
- 安装Nginx
0. 更新仓库源
RHEL操作系统默认仓库源在线更新是收费的，如果没有注册还能使用。我们使用CentOS的YUM源来进行。在中国大陆地区因GFW各种被禁。无奈我们使用网易源来安装各种YUM包。
#删除源仓库
rpm -qa |grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
mkdir /tmp/yum && cd /tmp/yum
wget -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-30.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
#yum和yum-plugin-fastestmirror需要一起安装，这两个包存在依赖关系，分开安装会失败
rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-69.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-30.el6.noarch.rpm
#替换仓库
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
#编辑文件CentOS-Base-163.repo，替换整个文件的$releasever为6
#加载扩展名源EPEL
wget -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
#添加PUIAS仓库
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/PUIAS_6_computational.repo https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-recipes/raw/master/install/centos/PUIAS_6_computational.repo
wget -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-puias http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/6/x86_64/os/RPM-GPG-KEY-puias
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-puias
#查看结果
yum repolist
#如果报错可以考虑把PUIAS的仓库从mirrorlist改为使用baseurl
#最后结果应为
仓库标识 仓库名称 状态
PUIAS_6_computational PUIAS computational Base $releasever - x86_64 3,270
base CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com 6,575
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,004
extras CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com 50
updates CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com 1,218
repolist: 23,117
1.安装必须的软件包
安装需要如下的软件包
yum -y update
yum -y groupinstall 'Development Tools'
yum -y install readline readline-devel ncurses-devel gdbm-devel glibc-devel tcl-devel openssl-devel curl-devel expat-devel db4-devel byacc sqlite-devel libyaml libyaml-devel libffi libffi-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel libicu libicu-devel system-config-firewall-tui redis sudo wget crontabs logwatch logrotate perl-Time-HiRes git cmake libcom_err-devel.i686 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 nodejs
#此步一定要确定所有的包都安装正确，否则下面会报莫明错误。
可选章节：安装Git，截至2016年1月RHEL通过YUM安装的GIT版本已经为1.8.3.1，可以跳过本步。否则
# Install dependencies
yum -y install zlib-devel perl-CPAN gettext curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel
# Download and compile from source
cd /tmp
curl -O --progress https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.7.0.tar.gz
tar xzf git-2.7.0.tar.gz
cd git-2.7.0/
./configure
make prefix=/usr/local all
# Install into /usr/local/bin
make prefix=/usr/local install
#在第5步的时候要编辑 config/gitlab.yml 文件修改git路径, bin_path to /usr/local/bin/git
接下来我们还要安装一个邮件服务器，官方推荐使用postfix
yum install -y postfix
#Then select 'Internet Site' and press enter to confirm the hostname.
2.安装Ruby
Ruby官方要求使用2.1以上版本，如果系统带低版本，请卸载sudo apt-get remove rubyx.x。我们使用源码进行安装
mkdir /tmp/ruby && cd /tmp/ruby
curl -O --progress https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.3/ruby-2.3.0.tar.gz
tar xzf ruby-2.3.0.tar.gz
cd ruby-2.3.0
./configure --disable-install-rdoc
make
make install
Gitlab的包使用bundler进行依赖关系管理，所以还得安装。如果在国内的用户请先修改Ruby的源服务器
gem sources --add https://ruby.taobao.org/ --remove https://rubygems.org/
#Check ruby source list
gem sources -l
gem install bundler --no-ri --no-rdoc
3.安装Go语言支持
在GitLab8.0以后HTTP请求开始依赖Go编译，所以我们要进行安装，这里要注意Go会区分操作系统位数
mkdir /tmp/golang && cd /tmp/golang
curl -O --progress https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.5.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.5.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
#32bit OS install
#curl -O --progress https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.5.3.linux-386.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.5.3.linux-386.tar.gz
sudo ln -sf /usr/local/go/bin/{go,godoc,gofmt} /usr/local/bin/
4.创建系统用户
adduser --system --shell /bin/bash --comment 'GitLab' --create-home --home-dir /home/git/ git
#修改git用户的PATH路径
visudo
Defaults secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
#修改为
Defaults secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
5.安装数据库
官方默认推荐为PostgreSQLDB但因为没有使用经验备份经验，这里我们改用MySQL.但官方CE一键包不支持MYSQL这也是我们从源码安装的原因之一
# Install the database packages
yum install -y mysql-server mysql-devel
chkconfig mysqld on
service mysqld start
mysql_secure_installation
# Login to MySQL
mysql -u root -p
# Type the MySQL root password
# Create a user for GitLab
# do not type the 'mysql>', this is part of the prompt
# change $password in the command below to a real password you pick
mysql> CREATE USER 'git'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$password';
# Ensure you can use the InnoDB engine which is necessary to support long indexes
# If this fails, check your MySQL config files (e.g. `/etc/mysql/*.cnf`, `/etc/mysql/conf.d/*`) for the setting "innodb = off"
mysql> SET storage_engine=INNODB;
# Create the GitLab production database
mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `gitlabhq_production` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `utf8` COLLATE `utf8_unicode_ci`;
# Grant the GitLab user necessary permissions on the database
mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, LOCK TABLES ON `gitlabhq_production`.* TO 'git'@'localhost';
# Quit the database session
mysql> q
# Try connecting to the new database with the new user
sudo -u git -H mysql -u git -p -D gitlabhq_production
# Type the password you replaced $password with earlier
# You should now see a 'mysql>' prompt
# Quit the database session
mysql> q
# You are done installing the database and can go back to the rest of the installation.
6.安装Redis
#设置REDIS为开机启动
chkconfig redis on
修改 /etc/redis.conf 文件，在末尾增加
unixsocket /var/run/redis/redis.sock
unixsocketperm 0770
#重启redis服务
service redis restart
#添加git用户到redis用户组
usermod -aG redis git
7.安装GitLab
cd /home/git
sudo -u git -H git clone https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce.git -b 8-5-stable gitlab
#configure it
cd /home/git/gitlab
# Copy the example GitLab config
sudo -u git -H cp config/gitlab.yml.example config/gitlab.yml
# Update GitLab config file, follow the directions at top of file
sudo -u git -H editor config/gitlab.yml
# Copy the example secrets file
sudo -u git -H cp config/secrets.yml.example config/secrets.yml
sudo -u git -H chmod 0600 config/secrets.yml
# Make sure GitLab can write to the log/ and tmp/ directories
chown -R git log/
chown -R git tmp/
chmod -R u rwX,go-w log/
chmod -R u rwX tmp/
# Make sure GitLab can write to the tmp/pids/ and tmp/sockets/ directories
chmod -R u rwX tmp/pids/
chmod -R u rwX tmp/sockets/
# Make sure GitLab can write to the public/uploads/ directory
sudo -u git -H mkdir public/uploads
chmod -R u rwX public/uploads
# Change the permissions of the directory where CI build traces are stored
chmod -R u rwX builds/
# Change the permissions of the directory where CI artifacts are stored
chmod -R u rwX shared/artifacts/
# Copy the example Unicorn config
sudo -u git -H cp config/unicorn.rb.example config/unicorn.rb
# Find number of cores
nproc
# Enable cluster mode if you expect to have a high load instance
# Set the number of workers to at least the number of cores
# Ex. change amount of workers to 3 for 2GB RAM server
sudo -u git -H editor config/unicorn.rb
# Copy the example Rack attack config
sudo -u git -H cp config/initializers/rack_attack.rb.example config/initializers/rack_attack.rb
# Configure Git global settings for git user, used when editing via web editor
sudo -u git -H git config --global core.autocrlf input
# Configure Redis connection settings
sudo -u git -H cp config/resque.yml.example config/resque.yml
# Change the Redis socket path if you are not using the default Debian / Ubuntu configuration
sudo -u git -H editor config/resque.yml
Configure GitLab DB Settings
下面的步骤因为我们使用Mysql来安装。
sudo -u git cp config/database.yml.mysql config/database.yml
# Update username/password in config/database.yml
# Change 'secure password' with the value you have given to $password
sudo -u git -H editor config/database.yml
sudo -u git -H chmod o-rwx config/database.yml
安装 Gems
sudo -u git -H bundle install --deployment --without development test postgres aws kerberos
安装GitLab Shell
此处请一定要修改配置文件里的gitlab_url节点，否则在提交时会报错，禁止提交
# Run the installation task for gitlab-shell (replace `REDIS_URL` if needed):
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:shell:install REDIS_URL=unix:/var/run/redis/redis.sock RAILS_ENV=production
# By default, the gitlab-shell config is generated from your main GitLab config.
# You can review (and modify) the gitlab-shell config as follows:
sudo -u git -H editor /home/git/gitlab-shell/config.yml
安装gitlab-workhorse
cd /home/git
sudo -u git -H git clone https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-workhorse.git
cd gitlab-workhorse
sudo -u git -H git checkout 0.5.4
sudo -u git -H make
初始化数据库
# Go to GitLab installation folder
cd /home/git/gitlab
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:setup RAILS_ENV=production
# Type 'yes' to create the database tables.
# When done you see 'Administrator account created:'
login.........root
password......5iveL!fe
安装初始化脚本
cp lib/support/init.d/gitlab /etc/init.d/gitlab
chkconfig --add gitlab
chkconfig gitlab on
cp lib/support/logrotate/gitlab /etc/logrotate.d/gitlab
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:env:info RAILS_ENV=production
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake assets:precompile RAILS_ENV=production
#启动服务
service gitlab start
8. 配置WebServer
这里官方建议使用nginx，当然如果你对apache足够熟悉也可以改用apache。
yum -y install nginx
chkconfig nginx on
#如果你的机器上没能IPV6地址，一定要注释掉IPV6协议部分
cp lib/support/nginx/gitlab /etc/nginx/conf.d/gitlab.conf
#添加用户nginx到git组
usermod -a -G git nginx
chmod g rx /home/git/
如果这时访问报502并且在错误日志中提示 failed (13: Permission denied) 请关闭selinux
setenforce 0
9. 测试
http://gitlab.ip/
参考文献：
