在某些情况下,or条件可以避免全表扫描的。本文使用mysql版本是5.7x
1 .where 语句里面如果带有or条件, myisam表能用到索引, innodb不行。
1)myisam表:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t_myisam` ( `id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `uid` int(11) NOT NULL, `aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `uid` (`uid`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
insert into t_myisam (uid,aNum) values(2,22); insert into t_myisam (uid,aNum) values(3,33); insert into t_myisam (uid,aNum) values(4,44);
mysql> explain select * from t_myisam where id=1 or uid =2;
2)innodb表:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t_innodb` ( `id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `uid` int(11) NOT NULL, `aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `uid` (`uid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
insert into t_innodb (uid,aNum) values(2,22); insert into t_innodb (uid,aNum) values(3,33); insert into t_innodb (uid,aNum) values(4,44);
2 .必须所有的or条件都必须是独立索引:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t_myisam2` ( `id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `uid` int(11) NOT NULL, `aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
insert into t_myisam2 (uid,aNum) values(2,22); insert into t_myisam2 (uid,aNum) values(3,33); insert into t_myisam2 (uid,aNum) values(4,44);
explain查看,全表扫描了。 mysql> explain select * from t_myisam2 where id=1 or uid =2;
3. 用UNION替换OR (适用于索引列)
通常情况下, 用UNION替换WHERE子句中的OR将会起到较好的效果. 对索引列使用OR将造成全表扫描.
注意, 以上规则只针对多个索引列有效. 如果有column没有被索引, 查询效率可能会因为你没有选择OR而降低.
在下面的例子中, LOC_ID 和REGION上都建有索引. 高效:
代码语言:javascript复制select loc_id , loc_desc , region from location where loc_id = 10
union
select loc_id , loc_desc , region from location where region = "melbourne"
低效:
代码语言:javascript复制select loc_id , loc desc , region from location where loc_id = 10 or region = "melbourne"
如果你坚持要用OR, 那就需要返回记录最少的索引列写在最前面.
4. 用in来替换or
这是一条简单易记的规则,但是实际的执行效果还须检验,在oracle8i下,两者的执行路径似乎是相同的. 低效: select…. from location where loc_id = 10 or loc_id = 20 or loc_id = 30 高效 select… from location where loc_in in (10,20,30);