Android基于图像语义分割实现人物背景更换

2023-06-04 16:22:45 浏览数 (1)

本教程是通过PaddlePaddle的PaddleSeg实现的,该开源库的地址为:http://github.com/PaddlPaddle/PaddleSeg ,使用开源库提供的预训练模型实现人物的图像语义分割,最终部署到Android应用上。关于如何在Android应用上使用PaddlePaddle模型,可以参考笔者的这篇文章《基于Paddle Lite在Android手机上实现图像分类》。

本教程开源代码地址:https://github.com/yeyupiaoling/ChangeHumanBackground

图像语义分割工具

首先编写一个可以在Android应用使用PaddlePaddle的图像语义分割模型的工具类,通过是这个PaddleLiteSegmentation这个java工具类实现模型的加载和图像的预测。

首先是加载模型,获得一个预测器,其中inputShape为图像的输入大小,NUM_THREADS为使用线程数来预测图像,最高可以支持4个线程预测。

代码语言:javascript复制
    private PaddlePredictor paddlePredictor;
    private Tensor inputTensor;
    public static long[] inputShape = new long[]{1, 3, 513, 513};
    private static final int NUM_THREADS = 4;

    /**
     * @param modelPath model path
     */
    public PaddleLiteSegmentation(String modelPath) throws Exception {
        File file = new File(modelPath);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            throw new Exception("model file is not exists!");
        }
        try {
            MobileConfig config = new MobileConfig();
            config.setModelFromFile(modelPath);
            config.setThreads(NUM_THREADS);
            config.setPowerMode(PowerMode.LITE_POWER_HIGH);
            paddlePredictor = PaddlePredictor.createPaddlePredictor(config);

            inputTensor = paddlePredictor.getInput(0);
            inputTensor.resize(inputShape);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new Exception("load model fail!");
        }
    }

在预测开始之前,写两个重构方法,这个我们这个工具不管是图片路径还是图像的Bitmap都可以实现语义分割了。

代码语言:javascript复制
    public long[] predictImage(String image_path) throws Exception {
        if (!new File(image_path).exists()) {
            throw new Exception("image file is not exists!");
        }
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(image_path);
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis);
        long[] result = predictImage(bitmap);
        if (bitmap.isRecycled()) {
            bitmap.recycle();
        }
        return result;
    }

    public long[] predictImage(Bitmap bitmap) throws Exception {
        return predict(bitmap);
    }

现在还不能预测,还需要对图像进行预处理的方法,预测器输入的是一个浮点数组,而不是一个Bitmap对象,所以需要这样的一个工具方法,把图像Bitmap转换为浮点数组,同时对图像进行预处理,如通道顺序的变换,有的模型还需要数据的标准化,但这里没有使用到。

代码语言:javascript复制
    private float[] getScaledMatrix(Bitmap bitmap) {
        int channels = (int) inputShape[1];
        int width = (int) inputShape[2];
        int height = (int) inputShape[3];
        float[] inputData = new float[channels * width * height];
        Bitmap rgbaImage = bitmap.copy(Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888, true);
        Bitmap scaleImage = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(rgbaImage, width, height, true);
        Log.d(TAG, scaleImage.getWidth()    ", "   scaleImage.getHeight());

        if (channels == 3) {
            // RGB = {0, 1, 2}, BGR = {2, 1, 0}
            int[] channelIdx = new int[]{0, 1, 2};
            int[] channelStride = new int[]{width * height, width * height * 2};
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y  ) {
                for (int x = 0; x < width; x  ) {
                    int color = scaleImage.getPixel(x, y);
                    float[] rgb = new float[]{(float) red(color), (float) green(color), (float) blue(color)};
                    inputData[y * width   x] = rgb[channelIdx[0]];
                    inputData[y * width   x   channelStride[0]] = rgb[channelIdx[1]];
                    inputData[y * width   x   channelStride[1]] = rgb[channelIdx[2]];
                }
            }
        } else if (channels == 1) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y  ) {
                for (int x = 0; x < width; x  ) {
                    int color = scaleImage.getPixel(x, y);
                    float gray = (float) (red(color)   green(color)   blue(color));
                    inputData[y * width   x] = gray;
                }
            }
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "图片的通道数必须是1或者3");
        }
        return inputData;
    }

最后就可以执行预测了,预测的结果是一个数组,它代表了整个图像的语义分割的情况,0的为背景,1的为人物。

代码语言:javascript复制
    private long[] predict(Bitmap bmp) throws Exception {
        float[] inputData = getScaledMatrix(bmp);
        inputTensor.setData(inputData);

        try {
            paddlePredictor.run();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new Exception("predict image fail! log:"   e);
        }
        Tensor outputTensor = paddlePredictor.getOutput(0);
        long[] output = outputTensor.getLongData();
        long[] outputShape = outputTensor.shape();
        Log.d(TAG, "结果shape:"  Arrays.toString(outputShape));
        return output;
    }

实现人物背景更换

MainActivity中,程序加载的时候就从assets中把模型复制到缓存目录中,然后加载图像语义分割模型。

代码语言:javascript复制
String segmentationModelPath = getCacheDir().getAbsolutePath()   File.separator   "model.nb";
Utils.copyFileFromAsset(MainActivity.this, "model.nb", segmentationModelPath);
try {
    paddleLiteSegmentation = new PaddleLiteSegmentation(segmentationModelPath);
    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "模型加载成功!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    Log.d(TAG, "模型加载成功!");
} catch (Exception e) {
    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "模型加载失败!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    Log.d(TAG, "模型加载失败!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    finish();
}

创建几个按钮,来控制图片背景的更换。

代码语言:javascript复制
// 获取控件
Button selectPicture = findViewById(R.id.select_picture);
Button selectBackground = findViewById(R.id.select_background);
Button savePicture = findViewById(R.id.save_picture);
imageView = findViewById(R.id.imageView);
selectPicture.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        // 打开相册
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
    }
});
selectBackground.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if (resultPicture != null){
            // 打开相册
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
            intent.setType("image/*");
            startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "先选择人物图片!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
});
savePicture.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        // 保持图片
        String savePth = Utils.saveBitmap(mergeBitmap1);
        if (savePth != null) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "图片保存:"   savePth, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Log.d(TAG, "图片保存:"   savePth);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "图片保存失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            Log.d(TAG, "图片保存失败");
        }
    }
});

首先需要选择包含人物的图片,这时就需要对图像进行预测,获取语义分割结果,然后将图像放大的跟原图像一样大小,并做这个临时的画布。

代码语言:javascript复制
Uri image_uri = data.getData();
image_path = Utils.getPathFromURI(MainActivity.this, image_uri);
try {
    // 预测图像
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(image_path);
    Bitmap b = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis);
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long[] result = paddleLiteSegmentation.predictImage(image_path);
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

    // 创建一个任务为全黑色,背景完全透明的图片
    humanPicture = b.copy(Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888, true);
    final int[] colors_map = {0x00000000, 0xFF000000};
    int[] objectColor = new int[result.length];

    for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i  ) {
        objectColor[i] = colors_map[(int) result[i]];
    }
    Bitmap.Config config = humanPicture.getConfig();
    Bitmap outputImage = Bitmap.createBitmap(objectColor, (int) PaddleLiteSegmentation.inputShape[2], (int) PaddleLiteSegmentation.inputShape[3], config);
    resultPicture = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(outputImage, humanPicture.getWidth(), humanPicture.getHeight(), true);

    imageView.setImageBitmap(b);
    Log.d(TAG, "预测时间:"   (end - start)   "ms");
} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

最后在这里实现人物背景的更换,

代码语言:javascript复制
Uri image_uri = data.getData();
image_path = Utils.getPathFromURI(MainActivity.this, image_uri);
try {
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(image_path);
    changeBackgroundPicture = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis);
    mergeBitmap1 = draw();
    imageView.setImageBitmap(mergeBitmap1);
} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

// 实现换背景
public Bitmap draw() {
    // 创建一个对应人物位置透明其他正常的背景图
    Bitmap bgBitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(changeBackgroundPicture, resultPicture.getWidth(), resultPicture.getHeight(), true);
    for (int y = 0; y < resultPicture.getHeight(); y  ) {
        for (int x = 0; x < resultPicture.getWidth(); x  ) {
            int color = resultPicture.getPixel(x, y);
            int a = Color.alpha(color);
            if (a == 255) {
                bgBitmap.setPixel(x, y, Color.TRANSPARENT);
            }
        }
    }

    // 添加画布,保证透明
    Bitmap bgBitmap2 = Bitmap.createBitmap(bgBitmap.getWidth(), bgBitmap.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
    Canvas canvas1 = new Canvas(bgBitmap2);
    canvas1.drawBitmap(bgBitmap, 0, 0, null);

    return mergeBitmap(humanPicture, bgBitmap2);
}

// 合并两张图片
public static Bitmap mergeBitmap(Bitmap backBitmap, Bitmap frontBitmap) {
    Bitmap bitmap = backBitmap.copy(Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888, true);
    Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
    Rect baseRect = new Rect(0, 0, backBitmap.getWidth(), backBitmap.getHeight());
    Rect frontRect = new Rect(0, 0, frontBitmap.getWidth(), frontBitmap.getHeight());
    canvas.drawBitmap(frontBitmap, frontRect, baseRect, null);
    return bitmap;
}

实现的效果如下:

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