在前面的技术文章中介绍了Dockerfile的基本应用，下面详细的介绍下通过Dockerfile来部署Python的应用程序的过程。本案例主要使用Python语言，使用的WEB框架是Flask，然后来实现一个网站的部署过程，也就是说写好程序代码好后，开发dockerfile的代码，执行以及生成镜像，其他人基于该镜像，docker run就可以在电脑跑起来对应的应用程序。
Flask案例代码
涉及到的Python的源代码具体如下:
代码语言：javascript复制from flask import Flask,make_response,jsonify,abort,request
from flask_restful import Api,Resource
from flask_httpauth import HTTPBasicAuth
from flask import Flask
from flask_jwt import JWT, jwt_required, current_identity
from werkzeug.security import safe_str_cmp
app=Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'super-secret'
api=Api(app=app)
auth=HTTPBasicAuth()
@auth.get_password
def get_password(name):
if name=='admin':
return 'admin'
@auth.error_handler
def authoorized():
return make_response(jsonify({'msg':"请认证"}),403)
books=[
{'id':1,'author':'wuya','name':'Python接口自动化测试实战','done':True},
{'id':2,'author':'无涯','name':'Selenium3自动化测试实战','done':False}
]
class User(object):
def __init__(self, id, username, password):
self.id = id
self.username = username
self.password = password
def __str__(self):
return "User(id='%s')" % self.id
users = [
User(1, 'wuya', 'asd888'),
User(2, 'stage', 'asd888'),
User(3,'line','asd888')
]
username_table = {u.username: u for u in users}
userid_table = {u.id: u for u in users}
def authenticate(username, password):
user = username_table.get(username, None)
if user and safe_str_cmp(user.password.encode('utf-8'), password.encode('utf-8')):
return user
def identity(payload):
user_id = payload['identity']
return userid_table.get(user_id, None)
jwt = JWT(app, authenticate, identity)
class Books(Resource):
# decorators = [auth.login_required]
decorators=[jwt_required()]
def get(self):
return jsonify({'status':0,'msg':'ok','datas':books})
def post(self):
if not request.json:
return jsonify({'status':1001,'msg':'请求参数不是JSON的数据，请检查，谢谢！'})
else:
book = {
'id': books[-1]['id'] 1,
'author': request.json.get('author'),
'name': request.json.get('name'),
'done': True
}
books.append(book)
return {'status':1002,'msg': '添加书籍成功','datas':book}
# return jsonify({'status':1002,'msg': '添加书籍成功','datas':book}, 201)
class Book(Resource):
# decorators = [auth.login_required]
decorators = [jwt_required()]
def get(self,book_id):
book = list(filter(lambda t: t['id'] == book_id, books))
if len(book) == 0:
return jsonify({'status': 1003, 'msg': '很抱歉，您查询的书的信息不存在'})
else:
return jsonify({'status': 0, 'msg': 'ok', 'datas': book})
def put(self,book_id):
book = list(filter(lambda t: t['id'] == book_id, books))
if len(book) == 0:
return jsonify({'status': 1003, 'msg': '很抱歉，您查询的书的信息不存在'})
elif not request.json:
return jsonify({'status': 1001, 'msg': '请求参数不是JSON的数据，请检查，谢谢！'})
elif 'author' not in request.json:
return jsonify({'status': 1004, 'msg': '请求参数author不能为空'})
elif 'name' not in request.json:
return jsonify({'status': 1005, 'msg': '请求参数name不能为空'})
elif 'done' not in request.json:
return jsonify({'status': 1006, 'msg': '请求参数done不能为空'})
elif type(request.json['done'])!=bool:
return jsonify({'status': 1007, 'msg': '请求参数done为bool类型'})
else:
book[0]['author'] = request.json.get('author', book[0]['author'])
book[0]['name'] = request.json.get('name', book[0]['name'])
book[0]['done'] = request.json.get('done', book[0]['done'])
return jsonify({'status': 1008, 'msg': '更新书的信息成功', 'datas': book})
def delete(self,book_id):
book = list(filter(lambda t: t['id'] == book_id, books))
if len(book) == 0:
return jsonify({'status': 1003, 'msg': '很抱歉，您查询的书的信息不存在'})
else:
books.remove(book[0])
return jsonify({'status': 1009, 'msg': '删除书籍成功'})
api.add_resource(Books,'/v1/api/books')
api.add_resource(Book,'/v1/api/book/<int:book_id>')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True,host='0.0.0.0')Dockerfile文件
下来实现部署Python应用程序的Dockerfile文件,文件的内容具体如下：
代码语言：javascript复制FROM centos:7.8.2003
MAINTAINER 无涯
#下载yum
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo;
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo;
#安装Python环境
RUN yum install python3-devel python3-pip -y
#安装flask库
RUN pip3 install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple flask
RUN pip3 install flask_restful
RUN pip3 install flask_httpauth
RUN pip3 install flask_jwt
#复制文件到容器目录
COPY app.py /opt
#切换目录
WORKDIR /opt
#启动服务
EXPOSE 5000
CMD ["python3","app.py"]构建镜像
下来构建Dockerfile，具体构建命令以及执行过程如下：
代码语言：javascript复制docker build -t flask_web .
#执行构建后，部分输出信息
---> 654d11509ebb
Step 7/10 : COPY app.py /opt
---> cf4f278d900b
Step 8/10 : WORKDIR /opt
---> Running in 8dd988a4bf0d
Removing intermediate container 8dd988a4bf0d
---> 6866628f23f7
Step 9/10 : EXPOSE 5000
---> Running in 131bded2d074
Removing intermediate container 131bded2d074
---> b7876c74dae4
Step 10/10 : CMD ["python3","app.py"]
---> Running in 498f6c4ab849
Removing intermediate container 498f6c4ab849
---> 89f07acc5d97
Successfully built 89f07acc5d97
Successfully tagged flask_web:latest运行容器
构建成功后，下来运行容器，具体详细过程如下：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@wuyaShare learnDocker]# docker run -it --rm -p 5000:5000 flask_web
* Serving Flask app 'app' (lazy loading)
* Environment: production
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
Use a production WSGI server instead.
* Debug mode: on
* Running on http://172.18.0.2:5000/ (Press CTRL C to quit)
* Restarting with stat
* Debugger is active!
* Debugger PIN: 132-410-186验证容器
测试代码具体如下，模块名称为test_app.py，源码为：
代码语言：javascript复制import requests
def test_login():
r=requests.post(
url='http://172.18.0.2:5000/auth',
json={"username":"wuya","password":"asd888"})
assert r.status_code==200验证结果信息如下：
代码语言：javascript复制python3 -m pytest -v test_app.py
============================== test session starts ===============================
platform linux -- Python 3.7.1, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/python37/bin/python3
collected 1 item
test_app.py::test_login PASSED服务端收到的请求信息具体如下：
代码语言：javascript复制172.18.0.1 - - [21/Oct/2021 10:55:50] "POST /auth HTTP/1.1" 200 -感谢您的阅读，后续会持续的更新。
