Android app中通过列表展示数据是非常常见的场景。 例如, IM类会话列表/消息列表就会使用列表进行数据展示。 列表数据显示如下图 :

网络图片
早期Android开发都会使用ListView来展示数据,然而现在用的已经比较少了,更多的时候都是使用RecyclerView替代ListView进行表格数据的展示,既然Google官方推出了RecyclerView,并能够被更多人用来取代ListView,那肯定是存在一定的合理性的。本篇文章就针对ListView 和 RecyclerView进行简单的对比和分析。
ListView
ListView是一种常用的系统控件,主要用于展示列表数据,具体的使用这里不进行过多的介绍。
这里主要介绍ListView控件 和 RecyclerView控件的一些差异,主要差异如下:
1,ListView 布局只支持纵向列表
2, ListView 需自己实现ViewHolder机制
3,ListView实现了两级缓存,提升view性能
布局
ListView 系统api只提供了纵向列表显示,无法显示横行或者网格布局等
ViewHolder机制
ListView 没有默认实现ViewHolder机制.关于ViewHolder机制后面有机会我会专门写一篇文章来介绍,这里先简单介绍。
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
InputAppInfo appInfo = appList.get(position);
ViewHolder viewHolder = null;
if (convertView == null) {
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(
R.layout.app_grid_item, null);
viewHolder.image = (ImageView) convertView
.findViewById(R.id.app_grid_item_image);
convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
}
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
/*
* 业务逻辑代码省略
*/
return convertView;
}上面的这段代码是常见的开发者在ListView中自己实现ViewHolder的典型代码.
这里ViewHolder主要解决的问题是减少View.findViewById()的调用,从而提升ListView的性能
缓存机制
ListView缓存View对象,设置有两级缓存(ActiveViews和ScrapViews),缓存逻辑ListView写在RecycleBin中。

ListView缓存示意图
ActiveViews:屏幕中可见View的缓存
ScrapViews:顾名思义是已废弃的View的缓存,也就是item在滑出界面后View会被存放到ScrapViews中。
RecyclerView
相比ListView, RecyclerView在设计上考虑了更方便的扩张,同时性能上也进行了更多的优化
1,RecyclerView支持3种布局(LinearLayoutManager,GridLayoutManager,StaggeredLayouManager),具体的布局使用可以自行google查看Demo
2,RecyclerView强制实现了ViewHolder机制
3,RecyclerView实现了四级缓存,提升view性能
布局
和 ListView 相比,RecyclerView支持3种类型的布局,使得能够展示的数据样式更加丰富
ViewHolder机制
代码语言:javascript复制/**
* Base class for an Adapter
*
* <p>Adapters provide a binding from an app-specific data set to views that are displayed
* within a {@link RecyclerView}.</p>
*
* @param <VH> A class that extends ViewHolder that will be used by the adapter.
*/
public abstract static class Adapter<VH extends ViewHolder> {
private final AdapterDataObservable mObservable = new AdapterDataObservable();
private boolean mHasStableIds = false;
/**
* Called when RecyclerView needs a new {@link ViewHolder} of the given type to represent
* an item.
* <p>
* This new ViewHolder should be constructed with a new View that can represent the items
* of the given type. You can either create a new View manually or inflate it from an XML
* layout file.
* <p>
* The new ViewHolder will be used to display items of the adapter using
* {@link #onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder, int, List)}. Since it will be re-used to display
* different items in the data set, it is a good idea to cache references to sub views of
* the View to avoid unnecessary {@link View#findViewById(int)} calls.
*
* @param parent The ViewGroup into which the new View will be added after it is bound to
* an adapter position.
* @param viewType The view type of the new View.
*
* @return A new ViewHolder that holds a View of the given view type.
* @see #getItemViewType(int)
* @see #onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder, int)
*/
@NonNull
public abstract VH onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType);
/**
* Called by RecyclerView to display the data at the specified position. This method should
* update the contents of the {@link ViewHolder#itemView} to reflect the item at the given
* position.
* <p>
* Note that unlike {@link android.widget.ListView}, RecyclerView will not call this method
* again if the position of the item changes in the data set unless the item itself is
* invalidated or the new position cannot be determined. For this reason, you should only
* use the <code>position</code> parameter while acquiring the related data item inside
* this method and should not keep a copy of it. If you need the position of an item later
* on (e.g. in a click listener), use {@link ViewHolder#getAdapterPosition()} which will
* have the updated adapter position.
*
* Override {@link #onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder, int, List)} instead if Adapter can
* handle efficient partial bind.
*
* @param holder The ViewHolder which should be updated to represent the contents of the
* item at the given position in the data set.
* @param position The position of the item within the adapter's data set.
*/
public abstract void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull VH holder, int position);
..........
}可以看到RecyclerView的Adapter 需要传入一个 ViewHolder,ViewHolder的相关机制RecyclerView已经默认给实现了。 开发者只需要重写onCreateViewHolder 和 onBindViewHolder 就能够很便捷的使用ViewHolder 机制。
缓存机制
RecyclerView缓存ViewHolder对象,在Recyle种实现四级缓存(ActiveViews和ScrapViews)

RecyclerView缓存示意图
Scrap:AttachedScrap是一级缓存。 缓存的是屏幕中可见的ViewHodler数据,(通过postion来查找)
CachedCiews:第二级缓存,将刚刚移出屏幕的item放入这里(默认2个),通过postion来查找。 找到的ViewHolder可以直接使用,不需要进行BindViewHolder()过程
ViewCacheExtension: 第三层缓存, 是用户自定义的缓存。
RecycledViewPool: 第四层缓存,是个缓存池。 多个RecyclerView对象可以共用一个RecycledViewPool, 需要经过BindViewHolder()过程,因为里面的数据都已经是脏数据了
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