说明：本文主要聊一聊Laravel测试数据填充器Seeder的小技巧，同时介绍下Laravel开发插件三件套，这三个插件挺好用哦。同时，会将开发过程中的一些截图和代码黏上去，提高阅读效率。
备注：在设计个人博客软件时，总会碰到有分类Category、博客Post、给博客贴的标签Tag、博客内容的评论Comment。
而且，Category与Post是一对多关系One-Many:一个分类下有很多Post，一个Post只能归属于一个Category；Post与Comment是一对多关系One-Many:一篇博客Post下有很多Comment，一条Comment只能归属于一篇Post；Post与Tag是多对多关系Many-Many:一篇Post有很多Tag，一个Tag下有很多Post。
开发环境：Laravel5.2 MAMP PHP7 MySQL5.5
开发插件三件套
在先聊测试数据填充器seeder之前，先装上开发插件三件套，开发神器。先不管这能干些啥，装上再说。
1、barryvdh/laravel-debugbar
composer require barryvdh/laravel-debugbar --dev2、barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper
composer require barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper --dev3、mpociot/laravel-test-factory-helper
composer require mpociot/laravel-test-factory-helper --dev然后在config/app.php文件中填上：
代码语言：javascript复制 /**
*Develop Plugin
*/
BarryvdhDebugbarServiceProvider::class,
MpociotLaravelTestFactoryHelperTestFactoryHelperServiceProvider::class,
BarryvdhLaravelIdeHelperIdeHelperServiceProvider::class,设计表的字段和关联
设计字段
按照上文提到的Category、Post、Comment和Tag之间的关系创建迁移Migration和模型Model，在项目根目录输入:
代码语言：javascript复制php artisan make:model Category -m
php artisan make:model Post -m
php artisan make:model Comment -m
php artisan make:model Tag -m在各个表的迁移migrations文件中根据表的功能设计字段：
代码语言：javascript复制//Category表
class CreateCategoriesTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name')->comment('分类名称');
$table->integer('hot')->comment('分类热度');
$table->string('image')->comment('分类图片');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::drop('categories');
}
}
//Post表
class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->integer('category_id')->unsigned()->comment('外键');
$table->string('title')->comment('标题');
$table->string('slug')->unique()->index()->comment('锚点');
$table->string('summary')->comment('概要');
$table->text('content')->comment('内容');
$table->text('origin')->comment('文章来源');
$table->integer('comment_count')->unsigned()->comment('评论次数');
$table->integer('view_count')->unsigned()->comment('浏览次数');
$table->integer('favorite_count')->unsigned()->comment('点赞次数');
$table->boolean('published')->comment('文章是否发布');
$table->timestamps();
//Post表中category_id字段作为外键，与Category一对多关系
$table->foreign('category_id')
->references('id')
->on('categories')
->onUpdate('cascade')
->onDelete('cascade');
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
//删除表时要删除外键约束，参数为外键名称
Schema::table('posts', function(Blueprint $tabel){
$tabel->dropForeign('posts_category_id_foreign');
});
Schema::drop('posts');
}
}
//Comment表
class CreateCommentsTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('comments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->integer('post_id')->unsigned()->comment('外键');
$table->integer('parent_id')->comment('父评论id');
$table->string('parent_name')->comment('父评论标题');
$table->string('username')->comment('评论者用户名');
$table->string('email')->comment('评论者邮箱');
$table->string('blog')->comment('评论者博客地址');
$table->text('content')->comment('评论内容');
$table->timestamps();
//Comment表中post_id字段作为外键，与Post一对多关系
$table->foreign('post_id')
->references('id')
->on('posts')
->onUpdate('cascade')
->onDelete('cascade');
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
//删除表时要删除外键约束，参数为外键名称
Schema::table('comments', function(Blueprint $tabel){
$tabel->dropForeign('comments_post_id_foreign');
});
Schema::drop('comments');
}
}
//Tag表
class CreateTagsTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('tags', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name')->comment('标签名称');
$table->integer('hot')->unsigned()->comment('标签热度');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::drop('tags');
}
}由于Post表与Tag表是多对多关系，还需要一张存放两者关系的表:
代码语言：javascript复制//多对多关系，中间表的命名laravel默认按照两张表字母排序来的，写成tag_post会找不到中间表
php artisan make:migration create_post_tag_table --create=post_tag然后填上中间表的字段：
代码语言：javascript复制class CreatePostTagTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('post_tag', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->integer('post_id')->unsigned();
$table->integer('tag_id')->unsigned();
$table->timestamps();
//post_id字段作为外键
$table->foreign('post_id')
->references('id')
->on('posts')
->onUpdate('cascade')
->onDelete('cascade');
//tag_id字段作为外键
$table->foreign('tag_id')
->references('id')
->on('tags')
->onUpdate('cascade')
->onDelete('cascade');
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::table('post_tag', function(Blueprint $tabel){
$tabel->dropForeign('post_tag_post_id_foreign');
$tabel->dropForeign('post_tag_tag_id_foreign');
});
Schema::drop('post_tag');
}
}设计关联
写上Migration后，还得在Model里写上关联：
代码语言：javascript复制class Category extends Model
{
//Category-Post:One-Many
public function posts()
{
return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
}
}
class Post extends Model
{
//Post-Category:Many-One
public function category()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
}
//Post-Comment:One-Many
public function comments()
{
return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);
}
//Post-Tag:Many-Many
public function tags()
{
return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class)->withTimestamps();
}
}
class Comment extends Model
{
//Comment-Post:Many-One
public function post()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Post::class);
}
}
class Tag extends Model
{
//Tag-Post:Many-Many
public function posts()
{
return $this->belongsToMany(Post::class)->withTimestamps();
}
}然后执行迁移：
代码语言：javascript复制php artisan migrate数据库中会生成新建表，表的关系如下：
Seeder填充测试数据
好，在聊到seeder测试数据填充之前，看下开发插件三件套能干些啥，下文中命令可在项目根目录输入php artisan指令列表中查看。
1、barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper
执行php artisan ide-helper:generate指令前：
执行php artisan ide-helper:generate指令后：
不仅Facade模式的Route由之前的反白了变为可以定位到源码了，而且输入Config Facade时还方法自动补全auto complete，这个很方便啊。
输入指令php artisan ide-helper:models后，看看各个Model，如Post这个Model：
<?php
namespace App;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
/**
* AppPost
*
* @property integer $id
* @property integer $category_id 外键
* @property string $title 标题
* @property string $slug 锚点
* @property string $summary 概要
* @property string $content 内容
* @property string $origin 文章来源
* @property integer $comment_count 评论次数
* @property integer $view_count 浏览次数
* @property integer $favorite_count 点赞次数
* @property boolean $published 文章是否发布
* @property CarbonCarbon $created_at
* @property CarbonCarbon $updated_at
* @property-read AppCategory $category
* @property-read IlluminateDatabaseEloquentCollection|AppComment[] $comments
* @property-read IlluminateDatabaseEloquentCollection|AppTag[] $tags
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereId($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereCategoryId($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereTitle($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereSlug($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereSummary($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereContent($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereOrigin($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereCommentCount($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereViewCount($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereFavoriteCount($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost wherePublished($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereCreatedAt($value)
* @method static IlluminateDatabaseQueryBuilder|AppPost whereUpdatedAt($value)
* @mixin Eloquent
*/
class Post extends Model
{
//Post-Category:Many-One
public function category()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
}
//Post-Comment:One-Many
public function comments()
{
return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);
}
//Post-Tag:Many-Many
public function tags()
{
return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class)->withTimestamps();
}
}根据迁移到库里的表生成字段属性和对应的方法提示，在控制器里输入方法时会自动补全auto complete字段属性的方法：
2、mpociot/laravel-test-factory-helper
输入指令php artisan test-factory-helper:generate后，database/factory/ModelFactory.php模型工厂文件会自动生成各个模型对应字段数据。Faker是一个好用的生成假数据的第三方库，而这个开发插件会自动帮你生成这些属性，不用自己写了。
<?php
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Model Factories
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here you may define all of your model factories. Model factories give
| you a convenient way to create models for testing and seeding your
| database. Just tell the factory how a default model should look.
|
*/
$factory->define(AppUser::class, function (FakerGenerator $faker) {
return [
'name' => $faker->name,
'email' => $faker->safeEmail,
'password' => bcrypt(str_random(10)),
'remember_token' => str_random(10),
];
});
$factory->define(AppCategory::class, function (FakerGenerator $faker) {
return [
'name' => $faker->name ,
'hot' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'image' => $faker->word ,
];
});
$factory->define(AppComment::class, function (FakerGenerator $faker) {
return [
'post_id' => function () {
return factory(AppPost::class)->create()->id;
} ,
'parent_id' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'parent_name' => $faker->word ,
'username' => $faker->userName ,
'email' => $faker->safeEmail ,
'blog' => $faker->word ,
'content' => $faker->text ,
];
});
$factory->define(AppPost::class, function (FakerGenerator $faker) {
return [
'category_id' => function () {
return factory(AppCategory::class)->create()->id;
} ,
'title' => $faker->word ,
'slug' => $faker->slug ,//修改为slug
'summary' => $faker->word ,
'content' => $faker->text ,
'origin' => $faker->text ,
'comment_count' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'view_count' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'favorite_count' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'published' => $faker->boolean ,
];
});
$factory->define(AppTag::class, function (FakerGenerator $faker) {
return [
'name' => $faker->name ,
'hot' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
];
});在聊第三个debugbar插件前先聊下seeder小技巧，用debugbar来帮助查看。Laravel官方推荐使用模型工厂自动生成测试数据，推荐这么写的：
代码语言：javascript复制//先输入指令生成database/seeds/CategoryTableSeeder.php文件: php artisan make:seeder CategoryTableSeeder
<?php
use IlluminateDatabaseSeeder;
class CategoryTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
factory(AppCategory::class, 5)->create()->each(function($category){
$category->posts()->save(factory(AppPost::class)->make());
});
}
}
//然后php artisan db:seed执行数据填充但是这种方式效率并不高，因为每一次create()都是一次query，而且每生成一个Category也就对应生成一个Post，当然可以在each()里每一次Category继续foreach()生成几个Post，但每一次foreach也是一次query，效率更差。可以用debugbar小能手看看。先在DatabaseSeeder.php文件中填上这次要填充的Seeder:
代码语言：javascript复制 public function run()
{
// $this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class);
$this->call(CategoryTableSeeder::class);
}在路由文件中写上：
代码语言：javascript复制Route::get('/artisan', function () {
$exitCode = Artisan::call('db:seed');
return $exitCode;
});输入路由/artisan后用debugbar查看执行了15次query，耗时7.11ms：
实际上才刚刚输入几个数据呢，Category插入了10个，Post插入了5个。
可以用DB::table()->insert()批量插入，拷贝ModelFactory.php中表的字段定义放入每一个表对应Seeder，当然可以有些字段为便利也适当修改对应假数据。
class CategoryTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
// factory(AppCategory::class, 20)->create()->each(function($category){
// $category->posts()->save(factory(AppPost::class)->make());
// });
$faker = FakerFactory::create();
$datas = [];
foreach (range(1, 10) as $key => $value) {
$datas[] = [
'name' => 'category'.$faker->randomNumber() ,
'hot' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'image' => $faker->url ,
'created_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
];
}
DB::table('categories')->insert($datas);
}
}
class PostTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
$faker = FakerFactory::create();
$category_ids = AppCategory::lists('id')->toArray();
$datas = [];
foreach (range(1, 10) as $key => $value) {
$datas[] = [
'category_id' => $faker->randomElement($category_ids),
'title' => $faker->word ,
'slug' => $faker->slug ,
'summary' => $faker->word ,
'content' => $faker->text ,
'origin' => $faker->text ,
'comment_count' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'view_count' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'favorite_count' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'published' => $faker->boolean ,
'created_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
];
}
DB::table('posts')->insert($datas);
}
}
class CommentTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
$faker = FakerFactory::create();
$post_ids = AppPost::lists('id')->toArray();
$datas = [];
foreach (range(1, 50) as $key => $value) {
$datas[] = [
'post_id' => $faker->randomElement($post_ids),
'parent_id' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'parent_name' => $faker->word ,
'username' => $faker->userName ,
'email' => $faker->safeEmail ,
'blog' => $faker->word ,
'content' => $faker->text ,
'created_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
];
}
DB::table('comments')->insert($datas);
}
}
class TagTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
$faker = FakerFactory::create();
$datas = [];
foreach (range(1, 10) as $key => $value) {
$datas[] = [
'name' => 'tag'.$faker->randomNumber() ,
'hot' => $faker->randomNumber() ,
'created_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
];
}
DB::table('tags')->insert($datas);
}
}
class PostTagTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
$faker = FakerFactory::create();
$post_ids = AppPost::lists('id')->toArray();
$tag_ids = AppTag::lists('id')->toArray();
$datas = [];
foreach (range(1, 20) as $key => $value) {
$datas[] = [
'post_id' => $faker->randomElement($post_ids) ,
'tag_id' => $faker->randomElement($tag_ids) ,
'created_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => CarbonCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString()
];
}
DB::table('post_tag')->insert($datas);
}
}在DatabaseSeeder.php中按照顺序依次填上Seeder，顺序不能颠倒，尤其有关联关系的表:
代码语言：javascript复制class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
// $this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class);
$this->call(CategoryTableSeeder::class);
$this->call(PostTableSeeder::class);
$this->call(CommentTableSeeder::class);
$this->call(TagTableSeeder::class);
$this->call(PostTagTableSeeder::class);
}
}输入路由/artisan后，生成了10个Category、10个Post、50个Comments、10个Tag和PostTag表中多对多关系，共有9个Query耗时13.52ms：
It is working!!!
表的迁移Migration和关联Relationship都已设计好，测试数据也已经Seeder好了，就可以根据Repository模式来设计一些数据库逻辑了。准备趁着端午节研究下Repository模式的测试，PHPUnit结合Mockery包来TDD测试也是一种不错的玩法。M(Model)-V(View)-C(Controller)模式去组织代码，很多时候也未必指导性很强，给Model加一个Repository，给Controller加一个Service，给View加一个Presenter，或许代码结构更清晰。具体可看下面分享的一篇文章。
最近一直在给自己充电，研究MySQL，PHPUnit，Laravel，上班并按时打卡，看博客文章，每天喝红牛。很多不会，有些之前没咋学过，哎，头疼。后悔以前读书太少，书到用时方恨少，人丑还需多读书。
分享下最近发现的一张好图和一篇极赞的文章：
文章链接：Laravel的中大型專案架構
