【愚公系列】2022年01月 Python教学课程 55-Django框架之跨域问题的处理

文章目录

前言
- 1.跨域问题
二、Django的跨域问题
- 1.Middleware
- 2.django-cors-headers

前言

1.跨域问题

跨域：指的是浏览器不能执行其他网站的脚本。它是由浏览器的同源策略造成的，是浏览器施加的安全限制。
同源策略：所谓同源是指，域名，协议，端口均相同

浏览器是从两个方面去做这个同源策略的，一是针对接口的请求，二是针对Dom的查询

1.接口请求：比如用ajax从http://192.168.1.1页面向http://192.168.1.2/jsonp发起请求，由于两个url端口不同，所以属于跨域，在console打印台会报No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource

2.Dom查询：比如a页面中嵌入了iframe，src为不同源的b页面，则在a中无法操作b中的dom，也没有办法改变b中dom中的css样式。

二、Django的跨域问题

Django的跨域问题有以下两种方式解决：Middleware，django-cors-headers

1.Middleware

创建一个中间件包 crossdomainxhr.py

代码语言：javascript复制

from django import http
                                                                                                                                                                  
try:
    from django.conf import settings
    XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_ORIGINS = settings.XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
    XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_METHODS = settings.XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_METHODS
    XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_HEADERS = settings.XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_HEADERS
    XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_CREDENTIALS = settings.XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_CREDENTIALS
except AttributeError:
    XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_ORIGINS = '*'
    #XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_METHODS = ['POST', 'GET', 'OPTIONS', 'PUT', 'DELETE']
    XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_METHODS = ['POST', 'GET']
    XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_HEADERS = ['Content-Type', '*']
    XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_CREDENTIALS = 'true'
                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                                  
class XsSharing(object):
    """
    This middleware allows cross-domain XHR using the html5 postMessage API.
                                                                                                                                                                      
    Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://foo.example
    Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE
                                                                                                                                                                  
    Based off https://gist.github.com/426829
    """
    def process_request(self, request):
        if 'HTTP_ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_METHOD' in request.META:
            response = http.HttpResponse()
            response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin']  = XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
            response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = ",".join( XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_METHODS )
            response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = ",".join( XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_HEADERS )
            response['Access-Control-Allow-Credentials'] = XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_CREDENTIALS
            return response
                                                                                                                                                                  
        return None
                                                                                                                                                                  
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin']  = XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = ",".join( XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_METHODS )
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = ",".join( XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_HEADERS )
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Credentials'] = XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_CREDENTIALS
                                                                                                                                                                  
        return response

在setting.py中间件配置

代码语言：javascript复制

'crossdomainxhr.XsSharing'

跨域配置：

代码语言：javascript复制

XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_ORIGINS = 'http://域名:端口'#自己域名
XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_METHODS = ['POST', 'GET']
XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_HEADERS = ['Content-Type', '*']
XS_SHARING_ALLOWED_CREDENTIALS = 'true'

2.django-cors-headers

django-cors-headers配置跨域具体实现如下：

1、安装django-cors-headers包

代码语言：javascript复制

pip install django-cors-headers

2、配置settings.py文件

代码语言：javascript复制

#跨域应用添加
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'corsheaders'，
    ...
 ]
#中间件添加
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    ...
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    ...
)
# 底部添加
CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = True
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = ()
  
CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = (
    'DELETE',
    'GET',
    'OPTIONS',
    'PATCH',
    'POST',
    'PUT',
    'VIEW',
)
  
CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
    'accept',
    'accept-encoding',
    'authorization',
    'content-type',
    'dnt',
    'origin',
    'user-agent',
    'x-csrftoken',
    'x-requested-with',
)

html django python http

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