Synchronized的使用：
（一）synchronized: Java语言的关键字，当它用来修饰一个方法或者一个代码块的时候，能够保证在同一时刻最多只有一个线程执行该段代码。
当某个方法或者代码块被声明为”synchronized”后，保存数据的内存空间（例如堆内存）将保持被同步状态。这意味着：当一个线程获取锁并且执行到已被声明为synchronized的方法或者代码块时，该线程首先从主堆内存空间中读取该锁定对象的所有变化，以确保其在开始执行之前拥有最新的信息。在synchronized部分执行完毕，线程准备释放锁的时候，所有针对被锁定对象的修改都将为写入主堆内存中。这样其他线程在请求锁的时候就可以获取最新的信息。
（二）创建线程的三种方法：
1、继承Thread public class AddThread extends Thread{}
2、实现Runnable public class AScaleThread implements Runnable{}
3、建立线程池 ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
（三）Synchroized的经典生产者与消费者问题：
代码1：
代码语言：javascript复制package com.my.thread;
public class NumFactory {
public int num = 10;
public int total = 20;
//非同步方法
public void add(){
num = num 2;
}
public void scale(){
num--;
}
//同步方法
public synchronized void addSync(){
while(num > 20){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
this.notify();
num = num 2;
System.out.println("生产了两个。当前数量：===" num);
}
public synchronized void scaleSync(){
while(num < 10){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
this.notify();
num--;
System.out.println("消费了一个。当前数量：===" num);
}
}package com.my.thread;
public class AddThread extends Thread{
public NumFactory factory;
public AddThread(NumFactory factory) {
this.factory = factory;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ) {
factory.addSync();
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}package com.my.thread;
public class AScaleThread implements Runnable{
public NumFactory factory;
public AScaleThread(NumFactory factory) {
this.factory = factory;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i ) {
factory.scaleSync();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}package com.my.thread;
public class MainThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>(2);
Producer producer = new Producer(queue);
Consumer consumer = new Consumer(queue);
new Thread(consumer).start();
new Thread(producer).start();
*/
NumFactory factory = new NumFactory();
new Thread(new AScaleThread(factory)).start();
new AddThread(factory).start();
}
}代码2：
代码语言：javascript复制package com.my.thread;
public class AddThread extends Thread{
public NumFactory factory;
public AddThread(NumFactory factory) {
this.factory = factory;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (factory) {
while (factory.num > 20) {
try {
factory.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
factory.notify();
factory.add();
System.out.println("生产了两个，还剩下：===" factory.num);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}package com.my.thread;
public class MainThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>(2);
Producer producer = new Producer(queue);
Consumer consumer = new Consumer(queue);
new Thread(consumer).start();
new Thread(producer).start();
*/
NumFactory factory = new NumFactory();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i ) {
new Thread(new AScaleThread(factory)).start();
new AddThread(factory).start();
}
}
}package com.my.thread;
public class AScaleThread implements Runnable{
public NumFactory factory;
public AScaleThread(NumFactory factory) {
this.factory = factory;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (factory) {
while (factory.num < 15) {
try {
factory.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
factory.notify();
factory.scale();
System.out.println("消费了一个，还剩下：===" factory.num);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}代码3： 用BlockingQueue解决同步问题：
代码语言：javascript复制package com.my.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
public class Producer implements Runnable{
BlockingQueue<String> block;
public Producer(BlockingQueue<String> block){
this.block = block;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
block.put(Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println("放入到队列中：===" Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}package com.my.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
public class Consumer implements Runnable{
BlockingQueue<String> block;
public Consumer(BlockingQueue<String> block){
this.block = block;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
String take = block.take();
System.out.println("取出队列中的：===" take);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}package com.my.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
public class MainThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>(2);
Producer producer = new Producer(queue);
Consumer consumer = new Consumer(queue);
new Thread(consumer).start();
new Thread(producer).start();
}
}应该还有......
