今天这篇推文小编给大家介绍下甘特图(Gantt Chart) 及其绘制方法，主要内容如下：
- 甘特图(Gantt Chart) 的简单介绍
- 甘特图(Gantt Chart) 绘制方法(R Python)
甘特图(Gantt Chart) 介绍
甘特图(Gantt chart) 又称为横道图、条状图(Bar chart)。其通过条状图来显示项目、进度和其他时间相关的系统进展的内在关系随着时间进展的情况。一般情况下，横轴表示时间，纵轴表示各个项目，线条表示期间计划和实际完成的情况。样例如下：
甘特图(Gantt Chart)样例
那么接下来，小编就告诉大家如何使用Python和R绘制甘特图(Gantt Chart)。
甘特图(Gantt Chart) 绘制方法(R Python)
这一部分，小编分别使用Python和R绘制甘特图(Gantt Chart)，小伙伴们可根据自己喜好选择合适的工具进行绘制哈~
甘特图(Gantt Chart)Python绘制
我们还是使用Python-matplotlib包进行绘制，这里使用到的绘图函数为broken_barh() 函数，该函数用于绘制一系列水平的矩形，正好可以满足甘特图的绘制需求。样例如下：
代码语言：javascript复制import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = "Times New Roman"
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6.5,4),dpi=100,facecolor="white")
ax.broken_barh([(20, 30),(70,30)], (10, 5), facecolors ='#BC3C28',edgecolor="black",label="Project_1",zorder=2)
ax.broken_barh([(50, 40), (100, 40)], (20, 5),
facecolors ='#0972B5',edgecolor="black",label="Project_2",zorder=2)
ax.broken_barh([(10, 50), (100, 20), (130, 10)], (30, 5),
facecolors =('#E28726'),edgecolor="black",label="Project_3",zorder=2)
ax.broken_barh([(5, 30), (40, 40), (100, 40)], (40, 5),
facecolors =('#21854D'),edgecolor="black",label="Project_4",zorder=2)
ax.set_ylim(5, 50)
ax.set_xlim(-5, 165)
for spine in ["top","left","right"]:
ax.spines[spine].set_color('none')
ax.spines["bottom"].set_linewidth(1)
ax.tick_params(direction="out",left=False)
ax.tick_params()
ax.set_xlabel('Seconds Since Start',fontsize=15)
ax.set_ylabel('Project Name ',fontsize=15)
ax.set_yticks([15-2.5, 25-2.5, 35-2.5,45-2.5])
ax.set_yticklabels(['Project_1', 'Project_2', 'Project_3',"Project_4"])
ax.grid(linestyle="-",linewidth=.5,color="gray",alpha=.6)
ax.set_title("Example Of Matplotlib.broken_barh()",pad=10,fontsize=16,fontweight="bold")
ax.legend(frameon=False,ncol=4,loc = "lower center",bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, -.3))
ax.text(.85,.05,'Visualization by DataCharm',transform = ax.transAxes,
ha='center', va='center',fontsize = 9,color='black')
Example Of Gantt Chart in Matplotlib
这里，我们通过贴出如下代码，帮助小伙伴们更好的理解ax.broken_barh() 函数，如下：
代码语言：javascript复制broken_barh([(start_time, duration)],
(lower_yaxis, hieght),
facecolors=('tab:colours'))
甘特图(Gantt Chart)R绘制
R绘制甘特图(Gantt Chart) 我们还是首要选择ggplot2绘制，案例如下：
「ggplot2绘制」
代码语言：javascript复制library(tidyverse)
library(ggtext)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(wesanderson)
library(LaCroixColoR)
library(RColorBrewer)
library(ggsci)
# 构建数据
data <- data.frame(name = c('A', 'B', 'C', 'D','E','F'),
start = c(4, 7, 12, 16,10,8),
end = c(12, 11, 8, 10,13,14),
shift_type = c('Early', 'Mid_day', 'Mid_day', 'Late','Mid_day','Early'))
# 数据可视化
ggplot(data, aes(x=start, xend=end, y=name, yend=name, color=shift_type))
geom_segment(size=8,lineend = "round")
ggsci::scale_color_nejm()
labs(
title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggplot2::Gantt Chart Charts</span>",
subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_segment()</span>",
caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#0057FF'>DataCharm</span>")
#hrbrthemes::theme_ft_rc(base_family = "Roboto Condensed")
hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed")
theme(
plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
plot.caption = element_markdown(face = 'bold',size = 12)
)
Example Of Gantt Chart in base ggplot2
「ganttrify绘制」
代码语言：javascript复制library("ganttrify")
ganttrify(project = ganttrify::test_project,
project_start_date = "2021-03",
font_family = "Roboto Condensed")
labs(
title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ganttrify::Gantt Chart Charts</span>",
subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_segment()</span>",
caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#0057FF'>DataCharm</span>")
theme(
plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",face = 'bold',
size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
plot.caption = element_markdown(face = 'bold',size = 12)
)
Example01 Of Gantt Chart in ganttrify
「样例二」
代码语言：javascript复制ganttrify(project = ganttrify::test_project,
project_start_date = "2021-03",
font_family = "Roboto Condensed")
labs(
title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ganttrify::Gantt Chart Charts</span>",
subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_segment()</span>",
caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#0057FF'>DataCharm</span>")
theme(
plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",face = 'bold',
size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
plot.caption = element_markdown(face = 'bold',size = 12)
)
Example02 Of Gantt Chart in ganttrify
注意：R-ganttrify包专门绘制绘制甘特图，其默认的排版和格式都是符合一般的审美的，其还有很多用于定制化的参数，小伙伴们可以多使用哈，更多详细内容可参照R-ganttrify包[1]
总结
今天小编给大家简单的介绍甘特图(Gantt Chart) 的绘制方法，希望对大家有所帮助。当然，可能使用Excel绘制会更方便些~，但还是希望大家可以多学习一个技能的哈~~
参考资料
[1]R-ganttrify包官网: https://github.com/giocomai/ganttrify。
