Nginx+uWSGI+Flask部署至Ubuntu

2022-02-23 13:29:29 浏览数 (1)

前言

最近在学习flask，想做一个简单的示例Demo，并将其部署在服务器上。

因为服务器的80端口已用于展示个人博客，所以会将本项目监听于其他端口，定为8001。

服务器为Ubuntu 20.04（虚拟机），IP地址：192.168.75.138

正文

项目环境搭建

1.首先创建虚拟环境，项目文件之后也要放到该环境中

创建目录/home/flask_demo，并进入该目录

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sudo mkdir home/flask_demo
cd home/flask_demo

2.安装虚拟环境

命令如下：

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sudo pip install virtualenv

3.生成文件夹ENV_flask，进入其中

命令如下：

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sudo virtualenv ENV_flask
cd ENV_flask

4.激活虚拟环境

命令如下：

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source bin/activate

5.在虚拟环境下安装flask

命令如下：

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sudo pip install flask

6.将flask项目的Demo拷贝至/home/flask_demo/ENV_flask下

这里用到Xftp，也可以采用其他方式

最后ENV_flask目录的结构如下：

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│  .gitignore
│  app.py
│  pyvenv.cfg
│  
├─bin
│      ...
│      
├─lib
│         ...
│                  
├─static
│  ├─css
│  │       ...
│  │      
│  └─img
│          ...
│          
├─templates
│      404.html
│      base.html
│      index.html
│      
└─__pycache__
        ....

注意：如果拷贝文件不成功可能是目录权限的问题，需要修改

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sudo chmod 777 -R /home/flask_demo/ENV_flask/

7.测试

在该目录下执行命令：

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flask run

在http://127.0.0.1:5000/访问（这里直接展示虚拟机中的浏览器效果）

uwsgi

1.在虚拟环境中安装uwsgi

命令如下：

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sudo pip install uwsgi

2.在虚拟环境中编写uwsgi的配置文件flask_uwsgi.ini，文件名可随意

命令如下：

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vim flask_uwsgi.ini

写入如下内容：

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[uwsgi]
master = true
wsgi-file = app.py
callable = app
http = :8001
processes = 4
threads = 2
buffer-size = 32768

保存

简要说明：

  • http=:8001：为了该阶段测试使用
  • callable = app：中的app需要与flask的Demo中的application变量名一致

3.测试

在终端键入如下命令启动uwsgi服务：

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uwsgi --ini flask_uwsgi.ini

nohup uwsgi --ini flask_uwsgi.ini  #利用nohup可以无日志打印启动

访问8001端口即可看到flask的Demo（这里依然直接用虚拟机的浏览器展示）

如此，便完成了用uwsgi接管flask的目的

Nginx

现在使用Nginx对Demo进行代理

1.首先需要修改上一步在虚拟环境中创建的flask_uwsgi.ini配置文件

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vim flask_uwsgi.ini

对http = :8001条目进行修改

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[uwsgi]
master = true
wsgi-file = app.py
callable = app
socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
processes = 4
threads = 2
buffer-size = 32768

如此，运行的uwsgi服务只能通过本地内部的8001端口进行访问，而不能通过浏览器使用http进行访问。所以下面就需要用nginx来做http代理。

2. 返回根目录，安装Nginx

命令如下：

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cd /
sudo apt-get install nginx

3.修改nginx的配置文件/etc/nginx/sites-available/default

修改server部分

由于之前部署过Hexo的服务，所以直接另外添加一个serve

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...
server {
        # listen 80 default_server;
        # listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
        listen 8001;  # 监听端口，http默认80

        # root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        root /home/flask_demo/ENV_flask;      # flask项目根路径
        # index index.html index.htm;

        # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
        # server_name localhost;
        server_name 192.168.75.138;    # 公网ip或已解析ip的域名

        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                # try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
                # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
                # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules

                include uwsgi_params;   # 使用nginx内置的uwsgi配置参数文件
                uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8001;   # 转发请求到该地址端口
                uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT main:app;   # 调用的脚本名称和application变量名
        }
}
...

所以完整的default配置文件内容如下：

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##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by othe
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#

# Hexo
server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;

    # SSL configuration
    #
    # listen 443 ssl default_server;
    # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
    #
    # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
    #
    # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
    #
    # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
    # Don't use them in a production server!
    #
    # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

    root /var/www/hexo;

    # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
    index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    server_name _;

    location / {
        # First attempt to serve request as file, then
        # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        
    }

    # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI serve
    #
    #location ~ .php$ {
    #    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    #
    #    # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
    #    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
    #    # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
    #    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /.ht {
    #    deny all;
    #}
}

# Flask应用
server {
        # listen 80 default_server;
        # listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
        listen 8001;  # 监听端口，http默认80

        # root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        root /home/flask_demo/ENV_flask;      # flask项目根路径
        # index index.html index.htm;

        # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
        # server_name localhost;
        server_name 192.168.75.138;    # 公网ip或已解析ip的域名

        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                # try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
                # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
                # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules

                include uwsgi_params;   # 使用nginx内置的uwsgi配置参数文件
                uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8001;   # 转发请求到该地址端口
                uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT main:app;   # 调用的脚本名称和application变量名
        }
}

# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#    listen 80;
#    listen [::]:80;
#
#    server_name example.com;
#
#    root /var/www/example.com;
#    index index.html;
#
#    location / {
#        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#    }
#}

保存退出

4.重新启动Nginx服务

命令如下：

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sudo service nginx restart

5.最后回到虚拟环境（项目根目录）下，启动uwsgi服务

命令如下：

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cd home/flask_demo/ENV_flask/

uwsgi --ini flask_uwsgi.ini

6.效果展示

通过宿主机浏览器，访问服务器IP:8001，就可以看到效果啦

可能遇到的问题

启动uwsgi服务时发现端口被占用

probably another instance of uWSGI is running on the same address (:xxxx).

可以使用如下命令关停该端口：

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sudo fuser -k Port/tcp

例如：关停8001端口：sudo fuser -k 8001/tcp

再重新启动uwsgi服务就可以了

后记

如果想要利用Nginx部署多个服务，直接在default配置文件中添加server项即可。

参考资料： ubuntu nginx uwsgi flask的安装和配置_ReeseIMK的博客-CSDN博客 Flask uwsgi Nginx的简易搭建(ubuntu)_Yvettre的博客-CSDN博客

web.py flask http nginx

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