用好 Spring AOP，天降大锅从容应对！

作者 | 何甜甜在吗

来源 | https://juejin.cn/post/6844904087964614670

最近项目进入联调阶段，服务层的接口需要和协议层进行交互，协议层需要将入参[json字符串]组装成服务层所需的json字符串，组装的过程中很容易出错。入参出错导致接口调试失败问题在联调中出现很多次，因此就想写一个请求日志切面把入参信息打印一下，同时协议层调用服务层接口名称对不上也出现了几次，通过请求日志切面就可以知道上层是否有没有发起调用，方便前后端甩锅还能拿出证据

写在前面

本篇文章是实战性的，对于切面的原理不会讲解，只会简单介绍一下切面的知识点

切面介绍

面向切面编程是一种编程范式，它作为OOP面向对象编程的一种补充，用于处理系统中分布于各个模块的横切关注点，比如事务管理、权限控制、缓存控制、日志打印等等。AOP把软件的功能模块分为两个部分：核心关注点和横切关注点。业务处理的主要功能为核心关注点，而非核心、需要拓展的功能为横切关注点。AOP的作用在于分离系统中的各种关注点，将核心关注点和横切关注点进行分离，使用切面有以下好处：

集中处理某一关注点/横切逻辑
可以很方便的添加/删除关注点
侵入性少，增强代码可读性及可维护性因此当想打印请求日志时很容易想到切面，对控制层代码0侵入

切面的使用【基于注解】

@Aspect => 声明该类为一个注解类

切点注解：

@Pointcut => 定义一个切点，可以简化代码

通知注解：

@Before => 在切点之前执行代码
@After => 在切点之后执行代码
@AfterReturning => 切点返回内容后执行代码，可以对切点的返回值进行封装
@AfterThrowing => 切点抛出异常后执行
@Around => 环绕，在切点前后执行代码

动手写一个请求日志切面

使用@Pointcut定义切点

代码语言：javascript复制

@Pointcut("execution(* your_package.controller..*(..))")
public void requestServer() {
}

@Pointcut定义了一个切点，因为是请求日志切边，因此切点定义的是Controller包下的所有类下的方法。定义切点以后在通知注解中直接使用requestServer方法名就可以了

使用@Before再切点前执行

代码语言：javascript复制

@Before("requestServer()")
  public void doBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
      ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) 
  RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
      HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
  
      LOGGER.info("===============================Start========================");
      LOGGER.info("IP                 : {}", request.getRemoteAddr());
      LOGGER.info("URL                : {}", request.getRequestURL().toString());
      LOGGER.info("HTTP Method        : {}", request.getMethod());
      LOGGER.info("Class Method       : {}.{}", joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(), joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
  }

在进入Controller方法前，打印出调用方IP、请求URL、HTTP请求类型、调用的方法名

使用@Around打印进入控制层的入参

代码语言：javascript复制

  @Around("requestServer()")
  public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
      long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
      LOGGER.info("Request Params       : {}", getRequestParams(proceedingJoinPoint));
      LOGGER.info("Result               : {}", result);
      LOGGER.info("Time Cost            : {} ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
  
      return result;
  }

打印了入参、结果以及耗时

getRquestParams方法

代码语言：javascript复制

    private Map<String, Object> getRequestParams(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) {
         Map<String, Object> requestParams = new HashMap<>();
    
          //参数名
         String[] paramNames = ((MethodSignature)proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature()).getParameterNames();
         //参数值
         Object[] paramValues = proceedingJoinPoint.getArgs();
    
         for (int i = 0; i < paramNames.length; i  ) {
             Object value = paramValues[i];
    
             //如果是文件对象
             if (value instanceof MultipartFile) {
                 MultipartFile file = (MultipartFile) value;
                 value = file.getOriginalFilename();  //获取文件名
             }
    
             requestParams.put(paramNames[i], value);
         }
    
         return requestParams;
     }

通过 @PathVariable以及@RequestParam注解传递的参数无法打印出参数名，因此需要手动拼接一下参数名，同时对文件对象进行了特殊处理，只需获取文件名即可

@After方法调用后执行

代码语言：javascript复制

  @After("requestServer()")
  public void doAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
      LOGGER.info("===============================End========================");
  }

没有业务逻辑只是打印了End

完整切面代码

代码语言：javascript复制

  @Component
  @Aspect
  public class RequestLogAspect {
      private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestLogAspect.class);
  
      @Pointcut("execution(* your_package.controller..*(..))")
      public void requestServer() {
      }
  
      @Before("requestServer()")
      public void doBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
          ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) 
  RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
          HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
  
          LOGGER.info("===============================Start========================");
          LOGGER.info("IP                 : {}", request.getRemoteAddr());
          LOGGER.info("URL                : {}", request.getRequestURL().toString());
          LOGGER.info("HTTP Method        : {}", request.getMethod());
          LOGGER.info("Class Method       : {}.{}", joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(), 
   joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
      }
  
  
      @Around("requestServer()")
      public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
          long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
          Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
          LOGGER.info("Request Params     : {}", getRequestParams(proceedingJoinPoint));
          LOGGER.info("Result               : {}", result);
          LOGGER.info("Time Cost            : {} ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
  
          return result;
      }
  
      @After("requestServer()")
      public void doAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
          LOGGER.info("===============================End========================");
      }
  
      /**
       * 获取入参
       * @param proceedingJoinPoint
       *
       * @return
       * */
      private Map<String, Object> getRequestParams(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) {
          Map<String, Object> requestParams = new HashMap<>();
  
          //参数名
          String[] paramNames = 
  ((MethodSignature)proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature()).getParameterNames();
          //参数值
          Object[] paramValues = proceedingJoinPoint.getArgs();
  
          for (int i = 0; i < paramNames.length; i  ) {
              Object value = paramValues[i];
  
              //如果是文件对象
              if (value instanceof MultipartFile) {
                  MultipartFile file = (MultipartFile) value;
                  value = file.getOriginalFilename();  //获取文件名
              }
  
              requestParams.put(paramNames[i], value);
          }
  
          return requestParams;
      }
  }

高并发下请求日志切面

写完以后对自己的代码很满意，但是想着可能还有完善的地方就和朋友交流了一下。emmmm

果然还有继续优化的地方每个信息都打印一行，在高并发请求下确实会出现请求之间打印日志串行的问题，因为测试阶段请求数量较少没有出现串行的情况，果然生产环境才是第一发展力，能够遇到更多bug，写更健壮的代码解决日志串行的问题只要将多行打印信息合并为一行就可以了，因此构造一个对象

RequestInfo.java

代码语言：javascript复制

  @Data
  public class RequestInfo {
      private String ip;
      private String url;
      private String httpMethod;
      private String classMethod;
      private Object requestParams;
      private Object result;
      private Long timeCost;
  }

环绕通知方法体

代码语言：javascript复制

  @Around("requestServer()")
  public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
      long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
      HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
      Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
      RequestInfo requestInfo = new RequestInfo();
              requestInfo.setIp(request.getRemoteAddr());
      requestInfo.setUrl(request.getRequestURL().toString());
      requestInfo.setHttpMethod(request.getMethod());
      requestInfo.setClassMethod(String.format("%s.%s", proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(),
              proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature().getName()));
      requestInfo.setRequestParams(getRequestParamsByProceedingJoinPoint(proceedingJoinPoint));
      requestInfo.setResult(result);
      requestInfo.setTimeCost(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
      LOGGER.info("Request Info      : {}", JSON.toJSONString(requestInfo));
  
      return result;
  }

将url、http request这些信息组装成RequestInfo对象，再序列化打印对象打印序列化对象结果而不是直接打印对象是因为序列化有更直观、更清晰，同时可以借助在线解析工具对结果进行解析

是不是还不错?

在解决高并发下请求串行问题的同时添加了对异常请求信息的打印，通过使用 @AfterThrowing注解对抛出异常的方法进行处理

RequestErrorInfo.java

代码语言：javascript复制

  @Data
  public class RequestErrorInfo {
      private String ip;
      private String url;
      private String httpMethod;
      private String classMethod;
      private Object requestParams;
      private RuntimeException exception;
  }

异常通知环绕体

代码语言：javascript复制

  @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "requestServer()", throwing = "e")
  public void doAfterThrow(JoinPoint joinPoint, RuntimeException e) {
      ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
      HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
      RequestErrorInfo requestErrorInfo = new RequestErrorInfo();
      requestErrorInfo.setIp(request.getRemoteAddr());
      requestErrorInfo.setUrl(request.getRequestURL().toString());
      requestErrorInfo.setHttpMethod(request.getMethod());
      requestErrorInfo.setClassMethod(String.format("%s.%s", joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(),
              joinPoint.getSignature().getName()));
      requestErrorInfo.setRequestParams(getRequestParamsByJoinPoint(joinPoint));
      requestErrorInfo.setException(e);
      LOGGER.info("Error Request Info      : {}", JSON.toJSONString(requestErrorInfo));
  }

对于异常，耗时是没有意义的，因此不统计耗时，而是添加了异常的打印

最后放一下完整日志请求切面代码：

代码语言：javascript复制

@Component
@Aspect
public class RequestLogAspect {
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestLogAspect.class);

    @Pointcut("execution(* your_package.controller..*(..))")
    public void requestServer() {
    }

    @Around("requestServer()")
    public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
        Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
        RequestInfo requestInfo = new RequestInfo();
                requestInfo.setIp(request.getRemoteAddr());
        requestInfo.setUrl(request.getRequestURL().toString());
        requestInfo.setHttpMethod(request.getMethod());
        requestInfo.setClassMethod(String.format("%s.%s", proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(),
                proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature().getName()));
        requestInfo.setRequestParams(getRequestParamsByProceedingJoinPoint(proceedingJoinPoint));
        requestInfo.setResult(result);
        requestInfo.setTimeCost(System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
        LOGGER.info("Request Info      : {}", JSON.toJSONString(requestInfo));

        return result;
    }


    @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "requestServer()", throwing = "e")
    public void doAfterThrow(JoinPoint joinPoint, RuntimeException e) {
        ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
        RequestErrorInfo requestErrorInfo = new RequestErrorInfo();
        requestErrorInfo.setIp(request.getRemoteAddr());
        requestErrorInfo.setUrl(request.getRequestURL().toString());
        requestErrorInfo.setHttpMethod(request.getMethod());
        requestErrorInfo.setClassMethod(String.format("%s.%s", joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(),
                joinPoint.getSignature().getName()));
        requestErrorInfo.setRequestParams(getRequestParamsByJoinPoint(joinPoint));
        requestErrorInfo.setException(e);
        LOGGER.info("Error Request Info      : {}", JSON.toJSONString(requestErrorInfo));
    }

    /**
     * 获取入参
     * @param proceedingJoinPoint
     *
     * @return
     * */
    private Map<String, Object> getRequestParamsByProceedingJoinPoint(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) {
        //参数名
        String[] paramNames = ((MethodSignature)proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature()).getParameterNames();
        //参数值
        Object[] paramValues = proceedingJoinPoint.getArgs();

        return buildRequestParam(paramNames, paramValues);
    }

    private Map<String, Object> getRequestParamsByJoinPoint(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        //参数名
        String[] paramNames = ((MethodSignature)joinPoint.getSignature()).getParameterNames();
        //参数值
        Object[] paramValues = joinPoint.getArgs();

        return buildRequestParam(paramNames, paramValues);
    }

    private Map<String, Object> buildRequestParam(String[] paramNames, Object[] paramValues) {
        Map<String, Object> requestParams = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < paramNames.length; i  ) {
            Object value = paramValues[i];

            //如果是文件对象
            if (value instanceof MultipartFile) {
                MultipartFile file = (MultipartFile) value;
                value = file.getOriginalFilename();  //获取文件名
            }

            requestParams.put(paramNames[i], value);
        }

        return requestParams;
    }

    @Data
    public class RequestInfo {
        private String ip;
        private String url;
        private String httpMethod;
        private String classMethod;
        private Object requestParams;
        private Object result;
        private Long timeCost;
    }

    @Data
    public class RequestErrorInfo {
        private String ip;
        private String url;
        private String httpMethod;
        private String classMethod;
        private Object requestParams;
        private RuntimeException exception;
    }
}

赶紧给你们的应用加上吧【如果没加的话】，没有日志的话，总怀疑上层出错，但是却拿不出证据

关于traceId 跟踪定位，可以根据traceId跟踪整条调用链，以log4j2为例介绍如何加入traceId

添加拦截器

代码语言：javascript复制

  public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
      private final static String TRACE_ID = "traceId";
  
      @Override
      public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
          String traceId = java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "").toUpperCase();
          ThreadContext.put("traceId", traceId);
  
          return true;
      }
  
      @Override
      public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
              throws Exception {
      }
  
      @Override
      public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
              throws Exception {        
          ThreadContext. remove(TRACE_ID);
      }
  }

在调用前通过ThreadContext加入traceId，调用完成后移除

修改日志配置文件在原来的日志格式中添加traceId的占位符

代码语言：javascript复制

<property name="pattern">[TRACEID:%X{traceId}] %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{-1}.%M()/%L - %msg%xEx%n</property>

执行效果

日志跟踪更方便

DMC是配置logback和log4j使用的，使用方式和ThreadContext差不多，将ThreadContext.put替换为MDC.put即可，同时修改日志配置文件。

文件存储压力测试 java

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