Flutter组件基础——Container

2021-07-20 10:55:22 浏览数 (1)

Flutter组件基础——Container

Container是容器组件,类似于H5中的<div>标签,亦或者iOS中的UIView,是布局的基础控件。

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Container包含属性

Container常用属性如下:

  • Container
    • child:子视图
    • alignment:子视图的对齐方式
      • topLeft:顶部左对齐
      • topCenter:顶部居中对齐
      • topRight:顶部右对齐
      • centerLeft:中间左对齐
      • center:中间对齐
      • centerRight:中间右对齐
      • bottomLeft:底部左对齐
      • bottomCenter:底部居中对齐
      • bottomRight:底部右对齐
    • color:背景颜色
    • width:宽度
    • height:高度
    • padding:子视图距Container的边距
    • margin:Container距父视图的边距
    • decoration:装饰

子视图对齐方式-alignment

代码语言:txt复制
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Container Learn',
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: Container(
            child: Text(
              'Alignment center',
              style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
            ),
            alignment: Alignment.center,
            width: 500.0,
            height: 400.0,
            color: Colors.lightBlue,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

效果图如下:

<!-- <center>

<figure>

<img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13784407980/0.png" style="width:200px" />

<img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13784409192/0.png" style="width:200px" />

<img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13784409177/0.png" style="width:200px" />

</figure>

</center> -->

simulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-19 at 17.50.36.pngsimulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-19 at 17.50.36.png
simulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-19 at 17.51.21.pngsimulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-19 at 17.51.21.png
simulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-19 at 17.50.22.pngsimulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-19 at 17.50.22.png

Container宽、高

width和height的设置,直接是固定的值。

没有类似H5那种'100%'的设置。所以如果想要设置Container为屏幕宽高时,可以用以下的方法:

方法一:

代码语言:txt复制
import 'dart:ui';

final width = window.physicalSize.width;
final height = window.physicalSize.height;

Container(
  color: Colors.red,
  width: width,
  child: Text("宽度有多宽"),
)

方法二:

代码语言:txt复制
Container(
  color: Colors.red,
  width: double.infinity,
  child: Text("宽度有多宽"),
)

子视图距Container的边距-padding

padding设置的是子视图,距Container的边距,两种设置方式,通常有两种设置方式,EdgeInsets.all常用于设置所有边距都一致;EdgeInsets.fromLTRB用于设置指定边距(LTRB对应的Left、Top、Right、Bottom)。代码如下:

代码语言:txt复制
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Container Learn',
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: Container(
            child: Text(
              'padding left: 10, top: 20',
              style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
            ),
            alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
            width: 500.0,
            height: 400.0,
            color: Colors.lightBlue,
            padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0),
            // padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

显示效果如下:

<!-- <img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13786616617/0.png" style="width:200px" /> -->

simulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-20 at 10.06.51.pngsimulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-20 at 10.06.51.png

contianer距离父视图的边距-margin

margin的设置和padding相同,效果对比,可以先注释width和height,代码如下:

代码语言:txt复制
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Container Learn',
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: Container(
            child: Text(
              'margin all 30',
              style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
            ),
            alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
            // width: 500.0,
            // height: 400.0,
            color: Colors.lightBlue,
            // padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0),
            // padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20),
            margin: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

效果如下:

<!-- <img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13786645730/0.png" style="width:200px" /> -->

simulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-20 at 10.16.39.pngsimulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-20 at 10.16.39.png

container的decoration

decoration可用于设置背景色、背景渐变效果、边框效果等,需要注意decoration和color不能同时设置,如果需要设置,可以通过在decoration中设置color来实现,代码如下:

代码语言:txt复制
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Container Learn',
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: Container(
              child: Text(
                'margin all 30',
                style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
              ),
              alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
              width: 500.0,
              height: 400,
              // color: Colors.lightBlue,
              // padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0),
              // padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20),
              // margin: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
              decoration: BoxDecoration(
                  gradient: const LinearGradient(colors: [
                    Colors.lightBlue,
                    Colors.greenAccent,
                    Colors.purple,
                  ]),
                  border: Border.all(width: 10.0, color: Colors.red),
                  color: Colors.lightBlue)),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

效果如下:

<!-- <img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13786743071/0.png" style="width:200px" /> -->

simulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-20 at 10.40.43.pngsimulator screen shot - iphone 12 pro max - 2021-07-20 at 10.40.43.png

报错:

The following assertion was thrown building MyApp(dirty):

Cannot provide both a color and a decoration

To provide both, use "decoration: BoxDecoration(color: color)".

'package:flutter/src/widgets/container.dart':

Failed assertion: line 274 pos 15: 'color == null || decoration == null'

报错代码如下:

代码语言:txt复制
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Container Learn',
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: Container(
            child: Text(
              'Container Text',
              style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
            ),
            alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
            color: Colors.lightBlue,
            padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10.0, 30.0, 0.0, 0.0),
            margin: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
                gradient: const LinearGradient(colors: [
                  Colors.lightBlue,
                  Colors.greenAccent,
                  Colors.purple,
                ]),
                border: Border.all(width: 10.0, color: Colors.red)),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

原因:Container的color和decoration不能同时设置,如果需要设置这两个,可以通过设置BoxDecoration(color: color)来实现

参考

Flutter Conatiner Doc

Flutter免费视频第二季-常用组件

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