Flutter组件基础——Container
Container是容器组件,类似于H5中的<div>标签,亦或者iOS中的UIView,是布局的基础控件。
<!--more-->
Container包含属性
Container常用属性如下:
- Container
- child:子视图
- alignment:子视图的对齐方式
- topLeft:顶部左对齐
- topCenter:顶部居中对齐
- topRight:顶部右对齐
- centerLeft:中间左对齐
- center:中间对齐
- centerRight:中间右对齐
- bottomLeft:底部左对齐
- bottomCenter:底部居中对齐
- bottomRight:底部右对齐
- color:背景颜色
- width:宽度
- height:高度
- padding:子视图距Container的边距
- margin:Container距父视图的边距
- decoration:装饰
子视图对齐方式-alignment
代码语言:txt复制class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Container Learn',
home: Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Container(
child: Text(
'Alignment center',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
),
alignment: Alignment.center,
width: 500.0,
height: 400.0,
color: Colors.lightBlue,
),
),
),
);
}
}
效果图如下:
<!-- <center>
<figure>
<img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13784407980/0.png" style="width:200px" />
<img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13784409192/0.png" style="width:200px" />
<img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13784409177/0.png" style="width:200px" />
</figure>
</center> -->
Container宽、高
width和height的设置,直接是固定的值。
没有类似H5那种'100%'的设置。所以如果想要设置Container为屏幕宽高时,可以用以下的方法:
方法一:
代码语言:txt复制import 'dart:ui';
final width = window.physicalSize.width;
final height = window.physicalSize.height;
Container(
color: Colors.red,
width: width,
child: Text("宽度有多宽"),
)
方法二:
代码语言:txt复制Container(
color: Colors.red,
width: double.infinity,
child: Text("宽度有多宽"),
)
子视图距Container的边距-padding
padding设置的是子视图,距Container的边距,两种设置方式,通常有两种设置方式,EdgeInsets.all
常用于设置所有边距都一致;EdgeInsets.fromLTRB
用于设置指定边距(LTRB对应的Left、Top、Right、Bottom)。代码如下:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Container Learn',
home: Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Container(
child: Text(
'padding left: 10, top: 20',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
),
alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
width: 500.0,
height: 400.0,
color: Colors.lightBlue,
padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0),
// padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20),
),
),
),
);
}
}
显示效果如下:
<!-- <img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13786616617/0.png" style="width:200px" /> -->
contianer距离父视图的边距-margin
margin的设置和padding相同,效果对比,可以先注释width和height,代码如下:
代码语言:txt复制class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Container Learn',
home: Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Container(
child: Text(
'margin all 30',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
),
alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
// width: 500.0,
// height: 400.0,
color: Colors.lightBlue,
// padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0),
// padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20),
margin: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
),
),
),
);
}
}
效果如下:
<!-- <img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13786645730/0.png" style="width:200px" /> -->
container的decoration
decoration可用于设置背景色、背景渐变效果、边框效果等,需要注意decoration和color不能同时设置,如果需要设置,可以通过在decoration中设置color来实现,代码如下:
代码语言:txt复制class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Container Learn',
home: Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Container(
child: Text(
'margin all 30',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
),
alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
width: 500.0,
height: 400,
// color: Colors.lightBlue,
// padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0),
// padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20),
// margin: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
gradient: const LinearGradient(colors: [
Colors.lightBlue,
Colors.greenAccent,
Colors.purple,
]),
border: Border.all(width: 10.0, color: Colors.red),
color: Colors.lightBlue)),
),
),
);
}
}
效果如下:
<!-- <img src="https://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/13786743071/0.png" style="width:200px" /> -->
报错:
The following assertion was thrown building MyApp(dirty):
Cannot provide both a color and a decoration
To provide both, use "decoration: BoxDecoration(color: color)".
'package:flutter/src/widgets/container.dart':
Failed assertion: line 274 pos 15: 'color == null || decoration == null'
报错代码如下:
代码语言:txt复制class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Container Learn',
home: Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Container(
child: Text(
'Container Text',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),
),
alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
color: Colors.lightBlue,
padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10.0, 30.0, 0.0, 0.0),
margin: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
gradient: const LinearGradient(colors: [
Colors.lightBlue,
Colors.greenAccent,
Colors.purple,
]),
border: Border.all(width: 10.0, color: Colors.red)),
),
),
),
);
}
}
原因:Container的color和decoration不能同时设置,如果需要设置这两个,可以通过设置BoxDecoration(color: color)
来实现
参考
Flutter Conatiner Doc
Flutter免费视频第二季-常用组件