RSA+AES实现接口验签和参数加密

2021-07-23 11:16:20 浏览数 (1)

RSA非对称加密

RSA是一种常用的非对称加密算法,加密和加密使用不同的密钥,常用于要求安全性较高的加密场景,比如接口的验签和接口数据的加密与解密。与非对称加密算法对比,其安全性较高,但是加密性能却比较低,不适合高并发场景,一般只加密少量的数据。

AES对称加密

AES是一种最常见的对称加密算法(微信小程序加密传输就是用这个加密算法的),加密和解密使用的是相同的密钥。其加密性能好,加密解密速度非常快,内存需求低,适用于经常发送数据的场合。

RSA AES实现接口验签和请求参数的加密与解密

背景:做为程序猿,我们经常需要在我们自己开发的系统上,开发一些接口供第三方调用,那么这个时候,对我们接口的安全性要求就比较高了,尤其是那种需要传输比较私密的信息的时候,其对安全性的要求就更高了。

实现思路

调用方:

  • 使用AES对称加密算法对业务请求参数进行加密后传输
  • 使用RSA非对称加密算法对AES的密钥进行公钥加密后传输
  • 使用RSA的私钥对请求参数进行签名

接收方:

  • 获取到请求参数后,对参数进行验签和业务参数的解密

问题:为什么要对AES的密钥进行RSA公钥加密后传输?

AES是对称加密算法,加密和解密的密钥都是同一个,为了防止被别人恶意获取到该密钥,然后对我们的业务请求参数进行解密,我们需要将AES密钥进行非对称加密后再进行传输。

代码实现
代码语言:javascript复制
        <!--RSA依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
            <artifactId>bcpkix-jdk15on</artifactId>
            <version>1.56</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Jackson依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Jackson依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.3</version>
        </dependency>
请求和接收的实体对象
代码语言:javascript复制
@Data
public class JsonRequest {
    //接口id 可空
    private String serviceId;
    //请求唯一id 非空
    private String requestId;
    //商户id 非空
    private String appId;
    //参数签名 非空
    private String sign;
    //对称加密key 非空
    private String aseKey;
    //时间戳,精确到毫秒 非空
    private long timestamp;
    //请求的业务参数(AES加密后传入) 可空
    private String body;
}
  • serviceId:服务id(接口id)。接口设计分为两种,一种是所有的调用方针对类似的业务,都调用的是同一接口地址,然后内部系统根据serviceId去判断具体是要调用哪个业务方法;另一种是针对不同的调用方,开发不同的接口,接口地址也是不一样,那么这个时候就可以不要serviceId这个字段。本章是使用第二种方式,所以serviceId可以不要(可空)。
  • requestId:请求唯一id。方便查询定位某个请求和防止同个请求多次调用。
  • appId:商户id,即我们会给调用方分配一个这样的id,并且将这个id与调用方的信息进行关联,比如“通过appId查询出调用方的加密密钥等”
  • aseKey:是AES对称加密的密钥。用于解密业务请求参数。这里要先用RSA公钥对aseKey进行加密后传输。
  • timestamp:请求时间戳。可以用该字段,对请求的时间合法性进行校验。(如:过滤掉请求时间不在当前时间的正负10分钟范围内的请求)
  • body:请求的业务参数。对请求的业务参数AES加密后再赋值。
AES工具类
代码语言:javascript复制
/**
 * @author: Longer
 * @date: 2020/8/23
 * @description: AES工具类
 */
public class AESUtil {

    /**
     * 加密
     * @param content 加密文本
     * @param key 加密密钥,appSecret的前16位
     * @param iv 初始化向量,appSecret的后16位
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encrypt(String content, String key, String iv) throws Exception {
        byte[] raw = key.getBytes();
        SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); //"算法/模式/补码方式"
        IvParameterSpec ivParam = new IvParameterSpec(iv.getBytes()); //使用CBC模式,需要一个向量iv,可增加加密算法的强度
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, ivParam);
        byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(content.getBytes());

        return new BASE64Encoder().encode(encrypted);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String content, String key, String iv) throws Exception {
        byte[] raw = key.getBytes();
        SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding "); //"算法/模式/补码方式"
        IvParameterSpec ivParam = new IvParameterSpec(iv.getBytes()); //使用CBC模式,需要一个向量iv,可增加加密算法的强度
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, ivParam);
        byte[] encrypted = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(content); //先用base64解密
        byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
        return new String(original);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String encrypt = AESUtil.encrypt("你好啊!!!", "1234567890123456", "1234567890123456");
        String decrypt = AESUtil.decrypt(encrypt, "1234567890123456", "1234567890123456");
        System.out.println(decrypt);
    }
RSA工具类
代码语言:javascript复制
/**
 * @author: Longer
 * @date: 2020/8/23
 * @description: RSA工具类
 */
public class RSAUtil {

    /**
     * 定义加密方式
     */
    private final static String KEY_RSA = "RSA";
    /**
     * 定义签名算法
     */
    private final static String KEY_RSA_SIGNATURE = "MD5withRSA";
    /**
     * 定义公钥算法
     */
    private final static String KEY_RSA_PUBLICKEY = "RSAPublicKey";
    /**
     * 定义私钥算法
     */
    private final static String KEY_RSA_PRIVATEKEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

    static {
        Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
    }

    /**
     * 初始化密钥
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> init() {
        Map<String, Object> map = null;
        try {
            KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_RSA);
            generator.initialize(2048);
            KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair();
            // 公钥
            RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
            // 私钥
            RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
            // 将密钥封装为map
            map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put(KEY_RSA_PUBLICKEY, publicKey);
            map.put(KEY_RSA_PRIVATEKEY, privateKey);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return map;
    }

    /**
     * 公钥加密
     *
     * @param data 待加密数据
     * @param key  公钥
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(String data, String key) {
        byte[] result = null;
        try {
            byte[] bytes = decryptBase64(key);
            // 取得公钥
            X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
            KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_RSA);
            PublicKey publicKey = factory.generatePublic(keySpec);
            // 对数据加密
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/None/PKCS1Padding", "BC");

            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            byte[] encode = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
            // 再进行Base64加密
            result = Base64.encode(encode);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 私钥解密
     *
     * @param data 加密数据
     * @param key  私钥
     */
    public static String decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) {
        String result = null;
        try {
            // 对私钥解密
            byte[] bytes = decryptBase64(key);
            // 取得私钥
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
            KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_RSA);
            PrivateKey privateKey = factory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
            // 对数据解密
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/None/PKCS1Padding", "BC");
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            // 先Base64解密
            byte[] decoded = Base64.decode(data);
            result = new String(cipher.doFinal(decoded));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }


    /**
     * 获取公钥
     */
    public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> map) {
        String str = "";
        try {
            Key key = (Key) map.get(KEY_RSA_PUBLICKEY);
            str = encryptBase64(key.getEncoded());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return str;
    }

    /**
     * 获取私钥
     */
    public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> map) {
        String str = "";
        try {
            Key key = (Key) map.get(KEY_RSA_PRIVATEKEY);
            str = encryptBase64(key.getEncoded());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return str;
    }

    /**
     * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
     *
     * @param data       加密数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥
     */
    public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) {
        String str = "";
        try {
            // 解密由base64编码的私钥
            byte[] bytes = decryptBase64(privateKey);
            // 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
            // 指定的加密算法
            KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_RSA);
            // 取私钥对象
            PrivateKey key = factory.generatePrivate(pkcs);
            // 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
            Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(KEY_RSA_SIGNATURE);
            signature.initSign(key);
            signature.update(data);
            str = encryptBase64(signature.sign());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return str;
    }

    /**
     * 校验数字签名
     *
     * @param data      加密数据
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @param sign      数字签名
     * @return 校验成功返回true,失败返回false
     */
    public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign) {
        boolean flag = false;
        try {
            // 解密由base64编码的公钥
            byte[] bytes = decryptBase64(publicKey);
            // 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象
            X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
            // 指定的加密算法
            KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_RSA);
            // 取公钥对象
            PublicKey key = factory.generatePublic(keySpec);
            // 用公钥验证数字签名
            Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(KEY_RSA_SIGNATURE);
            signature.initVerify(key);
            signature.update(data);
            flag = signature.verify(decryptBase64(sign));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return flag;
    }


    /**
     * BASE64 解密
     *
     * @param key 需要解密的字符串
     * @return 字节数组
     */
    public static byte[] decryptBase64(String key) throws Exception {
        return Base64.decode(key);
    }

    /**
     * BASE64 加密
     *
     * @param key 需要加密的字节数组
     * @return 字符串
     */
    public static String encryptBase64(byte[] key) throws Exception {
        return new String(Base64.encode(key));
    }

    /**
     * 按照红黑树(Red-Black tree)的 NavigableMap 实现
     * 按照字母大小排序
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> sort(Map<String, Object> map) {
        if (map == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Map<String, Object> result = new TreeMap<>((Comparator<String>) (o1, o2) -> {
            return o1.compareTo(o2);
        });
        result.putAll(map);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 组合参数
     *
     * @param map
     * @return 如:key1Value1Key2Value2....
     */
    public static String groupStringParam(Map<String, Object> map) {
        if (map == null) {
            return null;
        }
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> item : map.entrySet()) {
            if (item.getValue() != null) {
                sb.append(item.getKey());
                if (item.getValue() instanceof List) {
                    sb.append(JSON.toJSONString(item.getValue()));
                } else {
                    sb.append(item.getValue());
                }
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * bean转map
     * @param obj
     * @return
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> bean2Map(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        try {
            BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(obj.getClass());
            PropertyDescriptor[] propertyDescriptors = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
            for (PropertyDescriptor property : propertyDescriptors) {
                String key = property.getName();
                // 过滤class属性
                if (!key.equals("class")) {
                    // 得到property对应的getter方法
                    Method getter = property.getReadMethod();
                    Object value = getter.invoke(obj);
                    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    map.put(key, value);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return map;
    }
    
    /**
     * 按照红黑树(Red-Black tree)的 NavigableMap 实现
     * 按照字母大小排序
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> sort(Map<String, Object> map) {
        if (map == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Map<String, Object> result = new TreeMap<>((Comparator<String>) (o1, o2) -> {
            return o1.compareTo(o2);
        });
        result.putAll(map);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 组合参数
     *
     * @param map
     * @return 如:key1Value1Key2Value2....
     */
    public static String groupStringParam(Map<String, Object> map) {
        if (map == null) {
            return null;
        }
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> item : map.entrySet()) {
            if (item.getValue() != null) {
                sb.append(item.getKey());
                if (item.getValue() instanceof List) {
                    sb.append(JSON.toJSONString(item.getValue()));
                } else {
                    sb.append(item.getValue());
                }
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * bean转map
     * @param obj
     * @return
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> bean2Map(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        try {
            BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(obj.getClass());
            PropertyDescriptor[] propertyDescriptors = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
            for (PropertyDescriptor property : propertyDescriptors) {
                String key = property.getName();
                // 过滤class属性
                if (!key.equals("class")) {
                    // 得到property对应的getter方法
                    Method getter = property.getReadMethod();
                    Object value = getter.invoke(obj);
                    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    map.put(key, value);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return map;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("公钥加密======私钥解密");
        String str = "Longer程序员";
        byte[] enStr = RSAUtil.encryptByPublicKey(str, publicKey);
        String miyaoStr = HexUtils.bytesToHexString(enStr);
        byte[] bytes = HexUtils.hexStringToBytes(miyaoStr);
        String decStr = RSAUtil.decryptByPrivateKey(bytes, privateKey);
        System.out.println("加密前:"   str   "nr解密后:"   decStr);

        System.out.println("nr");
        System.out.println("私钥签名======公钥验证");
        String sign = RSAUtil.sign(str.getBytes(), privateKey);
        System.out.println("签名:nr"   sign);
        boolean flag = RSAUtil.verify(str.getBytes(), publicKey, sign);
        System.out.println("验签结果:nr"   flag);
    }
jackson工具类
代码语言:javascript复制
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JavaType;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.codehaus.jackson.type.TypeReference;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


/**
 * @author: Longer
 * @date: 2020/8/23
 * @description: Jackson转换工具类
 */
@Slf4j
public class JacksonUtil {
    private static ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

    /**
     * 对象转换成json
     *
     * @param obj
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> String beanToJson(T obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            return obj instanceof String ? (String) obj : objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("beanToJson error", e);
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将JSON字符串根据指定的Class反序列化成Java对象。
     *
     * @param json      JSON字符串
     * @param pojoClass Java对象Class
     * @return 反序列化生成的Java对象
     * @throws Exception 如果反序列化过程中发生错误,将抛出异常
     */
    public static Object decode(String json, Class<?> pojoClass)
            throws Exception {
        try {
            return objectMapper.readValue(json, pojoClass);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将JSON字符串根据指定的Class反序列化成Java对象。
     *
     * @param json      JSON字符串
     * @param reference 类型引用
     * @return 反序列化生成的Java对象
     * @throws Exception 如果反序列化过程中发生错误,将抛出异常
     */
    public static Object decode(String json, TypeReference<?> reference) throws Exception {
        try {
            return objectMapper.readValue(json, reference.getClass());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将Java对象序列化成JSON字符串。
     *
     * @param obj 待序列化生成JSON字符串的Java对象
     * @return JSON字符串
     * @throws Exception 如果序列化过程中发生错误,将抛出异常
     */
    public static String encode(Object obj) throws Exception {
        try {
            return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 对象转换成格式化的json
     *
     * @param obj
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> String beanToJsonPretty(T obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            return obj instanceof String ? (String) obj : objectMapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(obj);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("beanToJsonPretty error", e);
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }


    /**
     * 将json转换成对象Class
     *
     * @param str
     * @param clazz
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> T jsonToBean(String str, Class<T> clazz) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || clazz == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            return clazz.equals(String.class) ? (T) str : objectMapper.readValue(str, clazz);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("jsonToBean error", e);
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将json转换为对象集合
     *
     * @param str
     * @param clazz
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> List<T> jsonToBeanList(String str, Class<T> clazz) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || clazz == null) {
            return null;
        }
        JavaType javaType = getCollectionType(ArrayList.class, clazz);
        try {
            return objectMapper.readValue(str, javaType);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("jsonToBeanList error", e);
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
    public static JavaType getCollectionType(Class<?> collectionClass, Class<?>... elementClasses) {
        return objectMapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(collectionClass, elementClasses);
    }
}
加密解密验签名流程演示
代码语言:javascript复制
/**
 * @author: Longer
 * @date: 2020/8/23
 * @description: 测试
 */
public class RequestTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /****先给调用方分配一组RSA密钥和一个appId****/
        //初始化RSA密钥
        Map<String, Object> init = RSAUtil.init();
        //私钥
        String privateKey = RSAUtil.getPrivateKey(init);
        //公钥
        String publicKey = RSAUtil.getPublicKey(init);
        //appId,32位的uuid
        String appId = getUUID32();
        /****先给调用方分配一组RSA密钥和一个appId****/

        /*****调用方(请求方)*****/
        //业务参数
        Map<String,Object>  businessParams = new HashMap<>();
        businessParams.put("name","Longer");
        businessParams.put("job","程序猿");
        businessParams.put("hobby","打篮球");

        JsonRequest jsonRequest = new JsonRequest();
        jsonRequest.setRequestId(getUUID32());
        jsonRequest.setAppId(appId);
        jsonRequest.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
        //使用appId的前16位作为AES密钥,并对密钥进行rsa公钥加密
        String aseKey = appId.substring(0, 16);
        byte[] enStr = RSAUtil.encryptByPublicKey(aseKey, publicKey);
        String aseKeyStr = HexUtils.bytesToHexString(enStr);
        jsonRequest.setAseKey(aseKeyStr);
        //请求的业务参数进行加密
        String body = "";
        try {
            body = AESUtil.encrypt(JacksonUtil.beanToJson(businessParams), aseKey, appId.substring(16));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("报文加密异常", e);
        }
        jsonRequest.setBody(body);
        //签名
        Map<String, Object> paramMap = RSAUtil.bean2Map(jsonRequest);
        paramMap.remove("sign");
        // 参数排序
        Map<String, Object> sortedMap = RSAUtil.sort(paramMap);
        // 拼接参数:key1Value1key2Value2
        String urlParams = RSAUtil.groupStringParam(sortedMap);
        //私钥签名
        String sign = RSAUtil.sign(HexUtils.hexStringToBytes(urlParams), privateKey);
        jsonRequest.setSign(sign);

        /*****调用方(请求方)*****/

        /*****接收方(自己的系统)*****/
        //参数判空(略)
        //appId校验(略)
        //本条请求的合法性校验《唯一不重复请求;时间合理》(略)
        //验签
        Map<String, Object> paramMap2 = RSAUtil.bean2Map(jsonRequest);
        paramMap2.remove("sign");
        //参数排序
        Map<String, Object> sortedMap2 = RSAUtil.sort(paramMap2);
        //拼接参数:key1Value1key2Value2
        String urlParams2 = RSAUtil.groupStringParam(sortedMap2);
        //签名验证
        boolean verify = RSAUtil.verify(HexUtils.hexStringToBytes(urlParams2), publicKey, jsonRequest.getSign());
        if (!verify) {
            throw new RuntimeException("签名验证失败");
        }
        //私钥解密,获取aseKey
        String aseKey2 = RSAUtil.decryptByPrivateKey(HexUtils.hexStringToBytes(jsonRequest.getAseKey()), privateKey);
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(jsonRequest.getBody())) {
            // 解密请求报文
            String requestBody = "";
            try {
                requestBody = AESUtil.decrypt(jsonRequest.getBody(), aseKey, jsonRequest.getAppId().substring(16));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("请求参数解密异常");
            }
            System.out.println("业务参数解密结果:" requestBody);
        }
        /*****接收方(自己的系统)*****/
    }

    public static String getUUID32() {
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        uuid = uuid.replace("-", "");
        return uuid;
    }
}

执行结果:

代码语言:javascript复制
业务参数解密结果:{"name":"Longer","job":"程序猿","hobby":"打篮球"}

到此,调用方要做的和接收方做的其实都已经清楚了。

调用方:

  • 1.业务参数进行AES对称加密
  • 2.AES密钥进行RSA非对称加密
  • 3.使用RSA生成签名

接收方:

  • 验证签名
  • AES密钥解密
  • 业务参数解密

请求参数的统一处理

上面讲到,我们接受的请求对象是JsonRequst对象,里面除了body成员变量是跟业务相关,其他成员变量(sericeId,appId等)都是与业务不相关的。那么,如果我们在controller层用JsonRequest对象去接收请求参数的话,其实是不那么规范的。 那么我们能不能对请求参数进行统一处理,使得传到controller层的参数只是跟业务相关的参数,并且在controller层也无需关注加密解密和验签的东西。

实现方法:
  • 使用过滤器,拦截请求,并对请求参数进行统一处理(加密解密,验签等)
  • 自定义request对象(新增类继承HttpServletRequestWrapper类),对请求参数进行过滤处理,使得controller只接受业务参数。

问题:为什么需要自定义request对象? 因为获取post请求传递的json对象,需要用request对象流取获取,而一旦我们调用了request.getInputStream()方法后,流将会自动关闭,那么到了我们的controller层就不能再获取到请求参数了。

自定义request对象
代码语言:javascript复制
import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * @author Longer
 * @description 获取请求参数并处理
 * @date 2020/8/23
 */
public class RequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    private byte[] body;

    public RequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        super(request);
        String sessionStream = getBodyString(request);
        body = sessionStream.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
    }

    public String getBodyString() {
        return new String(body, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
    }

    public void setBodyString(byte[] bodyByte){
        body = bodyByte;
    }

    /**
     * 获取请求Body
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    public String getBodyString(final ServletRequest request) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            inputStream = cloneInputStream(request.getInputStream());
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
            String line = "";
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (reader != null) {
                try {
                    reader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Description: 复制输入流</br>
     *
     * @param inputStream
     * @return</br>
     */
    public InputStream cloneInputStream(ServletInputStream inputStream) {
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        try {
            while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) > -1) {
                byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            byteArrayOutputStream.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        InputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());
        return byteArrayInputStream;
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));
    }

    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {

        final ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(body);
        return new ServletInputStream() {

            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return bais.read();
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) {

            }
        };
    }
}
自定义过滤器
代码语言:javascript复制
/**
 * @author Longer
 * @description 获取请求参数并处理。签名校验,报文解密,参数过滤。
 * @date 2020/8/23
 */
@Slf4j
public class OutRequestFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {


    @SneakyThrows
    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException {
        RedisUtil redisUtil = SpringUtils.getBean(RedisUtil.class);
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        String requestURL = request.getRequestURI();
        log.info("请求路径:"   requestURL);
        String method = request.getMethod();
        if (!"POST".equals(method)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("暂不支持"   method   "请求方式");
        }
        //获取请求参数
        RequestWrapper requestWrapper = new RequestWrapper(request);
        String bodyString = requestWrapper.getBodyString();
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(bodyString)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("请求体不能为空");
        }
        log.info("请求参数:"   bodyString);
        JsonRequest jsonRequest = JacksonUtil.jsonToBean(bodyString, JsonRequest.class);
        //step0 参数合法性校验(非空判断等)
        parameterValidate(jsonRequest);
        //step1 判断请求合法性。1.不允许重复请求(通过请求唯一id判断)2.不允许请求时间与当前时间差距过大(正负10分钟)
        long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long subTime = currentTime - jsonRequest.getTimestamp();
        long tenMinuteMs = 10 * 60 * 1000;
        if (subTime < -tenMinuteMs || subTime > tenMinuteMs) {
            throw new RuntimeException("请求异常,请求时间异常");
        }
        String requestUUIDKey = MessageFormat.format(RedisConstant.REQUEST_UUID, jsonRequest.getRequestId());
        Object requestFlag = redisUtil.get(requestUUIDKey);
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(requestFlag)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("请求异常,重复的请求");
        }
        redisUtil.set(requestUUIDKey, JacksonUtil.beanToJson(jsonRequest), 15 * 60);
        //step2 参数解密,签名校验,参数过滤和传递
        Map<String, Object> paramMap = RSAUtil.bean2Map(jsonRequest);
        paramMap.remove("sign");
        //根据appkey获取rsa密钥
        String appIdKey = MessageFormat.format(RedisConstant.REQUEST_APPID, jsonRequest.getAppId());
        Object ob = redisUtil.get(appIdKey);
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(ob)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("找不到指定的appid");
        }
        String jsonString = (String) ob;
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonString);
        //rsa公钥
        String publicKey = jsonObject.getString("publicKey");
        //rsa私钥
        String privateKey = jsonObject.getString("privateKey");
        //参数排序
        Map<String, Object> sortedMap = RSAUtil.sort(paramMap);
        //拼接参数:key1Value1key2Value2
        String urlParams = RSAUtil.groupStringParam(sortedMap);
        //签名验证
        boolean verify = RSAUtil.verify(HexUtils.hexStringToBytes(urlParams), publicKey, jsonRequest.getSign());
        if (!verify) {
            throw new RuntimeException("签名验证失败");
        }
        //私钥解密,获取aseKey
        String aseKey = RSAUtil.decryptByPrivateKey(HexUtils.hexStringToBytes(jsonRequest.getAseKey()), privateKey);
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(jsonRequest.getBody())) {
            // 解密请求报文
            String body = "";
            try {
                body = AESUtil.decrypt(jsonRequest.getBody(), aseKey, jsonRequest.getAppId().substring(16));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("请求参数解密异常:",e);
                throw new RuntimeException("请求参数解密异常");
            }
            //报文传递至controller层
            requestWrapper.setBodyString(body.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
        }
        //将request传递下去
        filterChain.doFilter(requestWrapper, servletResponse);
    }

    private void parameterValidate(JsonRequest jsonRequest) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsonRequest.getAppId())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("参数异常,appId不能为空");
        }
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsonRequest.getAseKey())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("参数异常,aseKey不能为空");
        }
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsonRequest.getRequestId())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("参数异常,requestId不能为空");
        }
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsonRequest.getSign())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("参数异常,sign不能为空");
        }
        if (jsonRequest.getTimestamp() == 0l) {
            throw new RuntimeException("参数异常,timestamp不能为空");
        }
    }

}

完整流程演示

调用方

HttpClientUtils类
代码语言:javascript复制
/**
 * @author: Longer
 * @description:
 */
public class HttpClientUtils {

    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HttpClientUtils.class.getName());

    public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";
        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            // 创建请求内容
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            resultString = e.getMessage();
            logger.info("http访问失败:"   e);

        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.info("response关闭失败:"   e);
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }

    /**
     * post请求,签名和报文加密
     *
     * @param url        请求地址
     * @param json       请求json参数
     * @param appId      商户id
     * @param publicKey  rsa公钥
     * @param privateKey rsa私钥
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPostJsonForSign(String url, String json, String appId, String publicKey, String privateKey) {
        String aseKey = appId.substring(0, 16);
        JsonRequest jsonRequest = new JsonRequest();
        jsonRequest.setRequestId(getUUID32());
        jsonRequest.setAppId(appId);
        jsonRequest.setTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
        //aseKey 加密
        logger.info("开始aseKey加密....");
        byte[] enStr = RSAUtil.encryptByPublicKey(aseKey, publicKey);
        String aseKeyStr = HexUtils.bytesToHexString(enStr);
        jsonRequest.setAseKey(aseKeyStr);
        //请求参数进行加密
        String body = "";
        try {
            logger.info("开始请求参数加密....");
            body = AESUtil.encrypt(json, aseKey, appId.substring(16));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.info("报文加密异常:"   e);
            throw new UncheckedException("报文加密异常", e);
        }
        jsonRequest.setBody(body);

        Map<String, Object> paramMap = RSAUtil.bean2Map(jsonRequest);
        paramMap.remove("sign");
        // 参数排序
        Map<String, Object> sortedMap = RSAUtil.sort(paramMap);
        // 拼接参数:key1Value1key2Value2
        String urlParams = RSAUtil.groupStringParam(sortedMap);
        //私钥签名
        logger.info("开始参数签名....");
        String sign = RSAUtil.sign(HexUtils.hexStringToBytes(urlParams), privateKey);
        jsonRequest.setSign(sign);
        String requestParams = JacksonUtil.beanToJson(jsonRequest);
        logger.info("发起请求....");
        String result = doPostJson(url, requestParams);
        return result;
    }

    public static String getUUID32() {
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        uuid = uuid.replace("-", "");
        return uuid;
    }

}
需要传递的业务参数对象
代码语言:javascript复制
@Data
public class RequestDto {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String hobby;
}
发送请求
代码语言:javascript复制
 public static void main(String[] args) {
        //请求地址
        String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8888/test";
        RequestDto requestDto = new RequestDto();
        requestDto.setAge(100);
        requestDto.setName("Longer");
        requestDto.setHobby("ball");
        String json = JacksonUtil.beanToJson(requestDto);
        //appId
        String appId = "";
        //rsa公钥
        String publicKey = "";
        //rsa私钥
        String privateKey = "";
        HttpClientUtils.doPostJsonForSign(url, json, appId, publicKey, privateKey)
    }

接收方

controller
代码语言:javascript复制
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("test")
    public String test(RequestDto requestDto){
        log.info("接收到的请求参数为:"  JacksonUtil.beanToJson(requestDto));
        return "a";
    }
}

因为我们对参数进行了统一处理,所以我们的controller接收参数的对象是RequestDto对象,而不是JsonRequest

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