nslookup
在线查询
http://tool.chinaz.com/nslookup/
http://tools.bugscaner.com/nslookup/
默认解析对应配置文件是 /etc/resolv.conf
查询记录
直接查询返回的是A记录,我们可以指定参数,查询其他记录,比如AAAA、MX等。
代码语言:javascript复制nslookup -qt=type domain [dns-server]
其中,type可以是以下这些类型:
- A 地址记录
- AAAA 地址记录
- AFSDB Andrew文件系统数据库服务器记录
- ATMA ATM地址记录
- CNAME 别名记录
- HINFO 硬件配置记录,包括CPU、操作系统信息
- ISDN 域名对应的ISDN号码
- MB 存放指定邮箱的服务器
- MG 邮件组记录
- MINFO 邮件组和邮箱的信息记录
- MR 改名的邮箱记录
- MX 邮件服务器记录
- NS 名字服务器记录
- PTR 反向记录
- RP 负责人记录
- RT 路由穿透记录lijinghua.club
- SRV TCP服务器信息记录
- TXT 域名对应的文本信息
- X25 域名对应的X.25地址记录
TXT记录
代码语言:javascript复制$ nslookup -qt=TXT lijinghua.club
Server: 114.114.114.114
Address: 114.114.114.114#53
Non-authoritative answer:
*** Can't find lijinghua.club: No answer
Authoritative answers can be found from:
lijinghua.club
origin = dns31.hichina.com
mail addr = hostmaster.hichina.com
serial = 2017073015
refresh = 3600
retry = 1200
expire = 3600
minimum = 360
A记录
代码语言:javascript复制$ nslookup -qt=A lijinghua.club
Server: 114.114.114.114
Address: 114.114.114.114#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: lijinghua.club
Address: 59.110.172.131
交互式
type 可以是上面的任意类型
代码语言:javascript复制root@ali:~# nslookup
> set type=mx
> lijinghua.club
Server: 127.0.0.53
Address: 127.0.0.53#53
Non-authoritative answer:
lijinghua.club mail exchanger = 5 mxn.mxhichina.com.
lijinghua.club mail exchanger = 10 mxw.mxhichina.com.
lijinghua.club mail exchanger = 10 mx.ym.163.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
> set type=ns
> baidu.com
Server: 127.0.0.53
Address: 127.0.0.53#53
Non-authoritative answer:
baidu.com nameserver = dns.baidu.com.
baidu.com nameserver = ns2.baidu.com.
baidu.com nameserver = ns7.baidu.com.
baidu.com nameserver = ns4.baidu.com.
baidu.com nameserver = ns3.baidu.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
>
mtr
Mtr是 Linux中有一个非常棒的网络连通性判断工具,它结合了ping, traceroute,nslookup 的相关特性。
网络诊断工具包括ping
,traceroute
和mtr,
它们使用Internet控制消息协议(ICMP)数据包来测试Internet上两点之间的连接和传输。当用户在Internet上ping主机时,会向主机发送一系列ICMP数据包,主机通过发送数据包作为响应。然后,用户的客户端能够计算因特网上两点之间的往返时间。
相反,诸如traceroute和MTR之类的工具发送ICMP数据包的TTL递增,可以查看数据包在源和目的地之间产生的一系列跳。TTL即生存时间,控制着数据包在“死亡”并返回主机之前将进行多少跳。通过发送一系列数据包并使它们在一跳、两跳、三跳之后返回,MTR能够分析英特网上不同主机之间流量的通路。
MTR不是只提供Internet的路由间的简单概述,而是收集有关中间主机的状态,连接和响应性的其他信息。由于这些附加信息,MTR可以提供Internet上两台主机之间连接的完整描述。以下部分概述了如何安装MTR软件以及如何解释此工具提供的结果。
代码语言:javascript复制Host:显示的是IP地址和本机域名,这点和traceroute很像
loss:显示每跳的丢包百分比
snt:10 设置每秒发送数据包的数量,默认值是10 可以通过参数 -c来指定。其中-c的说明是:–report-cycles COUNT
Snt:是显示的每个对应IP的丢包率
last:显示的最近一次的返回时延
Avg:是平均值 这个应该是发送ping包的平均时延
Best:是最好或者说时延最短的
Wrst:是最差或者说时延最常的
StDev:是标准偏差
? 超时可能由于各种原因而发生。有些路由器将丢弃ICMP,缺少的回复将在输出中显示为超时(???
)。或者,返回路线可能存在问题
dig
Dig是一个在类Unix命令行模式下查询DNS包括NS记录,A记录,MX记录等相关信息的工具。由于一直缺失 Dig man page文档,本文就权当一个dig使用向导吧。 Dig的源码是ISC BIND大包的一部分,但是大多编译和安装Bind的文档都不把它包括在内,但是在linux系 统下,它通常是某个包的一部分
在Gentoo下是bind-tools,在Redhat/Fedora下是 bind-utils,或者在Debian下是 dnsutils。
基础使用
阿里云 ubuntu
阿里云 机器 ubuntu 16.04 使用的阿里云的DNS 127.0.0.5
以上信息在输出中都有
代码语言:javascript复制root@ali:~# dig lijinghua.club
; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.8-Ubuntu <<>> lijinghua.club
;; global options: cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2287
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;lijinghua.club. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
lijinghua.club. 600 IN A 59.110.172.131
;; Query time: 30 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)
;; WHEN: Wed Oct 02 18:46:56 CST 2019
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 59
虚拟机 centos 7.5
虚拟机器 centos 7.5 解析地址是 8.8.8.8 能看到13个根服务器的ipv4地址和ipv6地址
代码语言:javascript复制[root@k8s-master tmp]# dig lijinghua.club
; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-9.P2.el7 <<>> lijinghua.club
;; global options: cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 23770
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 27
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;lijinghua.club. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
lijinghua.club. 497 IN A 59.110.172.131
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
. 1405 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
. 1405 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
a.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 3714 IN A 198.41.0.4
b.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 437299 IN A 199.9.14.201
c.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 78008 IN A 192.33.4.12
d.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 179971 IN A 199.7.91.13
e.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 594945 IN A 192.203.230.10
f.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 218722 IN A 192.5.5.241
g.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 283815 IN A 192.112.36.4
h.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 580807 IN A 198.97.190.53
i.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 159094 IN A 192.36.148.17
j.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 34691 IN A 192.58.128.30
k.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 278297 IN A 193.0.14.129
l.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 451072 IN A 199.7.83.42
m.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 552766 IN A 202.12.27.33
a.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 72798 IN AAAA 2001:503:ba3e::2:30
b.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 164152 IN AAAA 2001:500:200::b
c.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 140973 IN AAAA 2001:500:2::c
d.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 144133 IN AAAA 2001:500:2d::d
e.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 492214 IN AAAA 2001:500:a8::e
f.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 354 IN AAAA 2001:500:2f::f
g.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 272724 IN AAAA 2001:500:12::d0d
h.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 195314 IN AAAA 2001:500:1::53
i.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 163301 IN AAAA 2001:7fe::53
j.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 19872 IN AAAA 2001:503:c27::2:30
k.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 173463 IN AAAA 2001:7fd::1
l.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 267848 IN AAAA 2001:500:9f::42
m.ROOT-SERVERS.net. 328847 IN AAAA 2001:dc3::35
;; Query time: 7 msec
;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8)
;; WHEN: Wed Oct 02 18:34:45 CST 2019
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 881
A记录
代码语言:javascript复制[root@k8s-master tmp]# dig lijinghua.club A noall answer
; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-9.P2.el7 <<>> lijinghua.club A noall answer
;; global options: cmd
lijinghua.club. 600 IN A 59.110.172.131
[root@k8s-master tmp]# dig yahoo.com A noall answer
; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-9.P2.el7 <<>> yahoo.com A noall answer
;; global options: cmd
yahoo.com. 600 IN A 72.30.35.9
yahoo.com. 600 IN A 72.30.35.10
yahoo.com. 600 IN A 98.137.246.8
yahoo.com. 600 IN A 98.138.219.231
yahoo.com. 600 IN A 98.137.246.7
yahoo.com. 600 IN A 98.138.219.232
[root@k8s-master tmp]# dig baidu.com A noall answer
; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-9.P2.el7 <<>> baidu.com A noall answer
;; global options: cmd
baidu.com. 600 IN A 220.181.38.148
baidu.com. 600 IN A 39.156.69.79
MX记录
代码语言:javascript复制[root@k8s-master tmp]# dig lijinghua.club MX noall answer
; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-9.P2.el7 <<>> lijinghua.club MX noall answer
;; global options: cmd
lijinghua.club. 600 IN MX 5 mxn.mxhichina.com.
lijinghua.club. 600 IN MX 10 mx.ym.163.com.
lijinghua.club. 600 IN MX 10 mxw.mxhichina.com.
权威NS
我的域名解析在阿里云
代码语言:javascript复制[root@k8s-master tmp]# dig lijinghua.club NS noall answer
; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-9.P2.el7 <<>> lijinghua.club NS noall answer
;; global options: cmd
lijinghua.club. 3140 IN NS dns32.hichina.com.
lijinghua.club. 3140 IN NS dns31.hichina.com.
查找所有记录
四个A的记录是ipv6的地址
代码语言:javascript复制[root@k8s-master tmp]# dig yahoo.com ANY noall answer
; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-P2-RedHat-9.11.4-9.P2.el7 <<>> yahoo.com ANY noall answer
;; global options: cmd
yahoo.com. 1654 IN SOA ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 2019100201 3600 300 1814400 600
yahoo.com. 1654 IN A 98.137.246.7
yahoo.com. 1654 IN A 98.138.219.231
yahoo.com. 1654 IN A 72.30.35.9
yahoo.com. 1654 IN A 98.138.219.232
yahoo.com. 1654 IN A 72.30.35.10
yahoo.com. 1654 IN A 98.137.246.8
yahoo.com. 1654 IN AAAA 2001:4998:44:41d::3
yahoo.com. 1654 IN AAAA 2001:4998:58:1836::11
yahoo.com. 1654 IN AAAA 2001:4998:44:41d::4
yahoo.com. 1654 IN AAAA 2001:4998:c:1023::4
yahoo.com. 1654 IN AAAA 2001:4998:58:1836::10
yahoo.com. 1654 IN AAAA 2001:4998:c:1023::5
yahoo.com. 1654 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com. 1654 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com. 1654 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com. 21454 IN NS ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com. 21454 IN NS ns5.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com. 21454 IN NS ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com. 21454 IN NS ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com. 21454 IN NS ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com. 1654 IN TXT "edb3bff2c0d64622a9b2250438277a59"
yahoo.com. 1654 IN TXT "facebook-domain-verification=gysqrcd69g0ej34f4jfn0huivkym1p"
yahoo.com. 1654 IN TXT "v=spf1 redirect=_spf.mail.yahoo.com"
yahoo.com. 1654 IN CAA 0 issue "globalsign.com"
yahoo.com. 1654 IN CAA 0 iodef "mailto:security@oath.com"
yahoo.com. 1654 IN CAA 0 issue "digicert.com"
AAAA ipv6
代码语言:javascript复制root@ali:~# dig www.taobao.com AAAA answer
; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.8-Ubuntu <<>> www.taobao.com AAAA answer
;; global options: cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64974
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.taobao.com. IN AAAA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.taobao.com. 172 IN CNAME www.taobao.com.danuoyi.tbcache.com.
;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)
;; WHEN: Wed Oct 02 19:18:53 CST 2019
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 88