前言
PostgreSQL 号称是这个世界上最高级的开源数据库
PostgreSQL 的影响力越来越大了，虽然长期居于数据库排行榜的第四名(前三分别为 oracle, mysql, sqlserver)，不过近三年来(2015-2018年)，却是受关注涨幅最大的数据库，并且长期保持稳步增涨的态势，可能与其丰富的特性迎合了现代互联网的发展需求有一定关联
CMDBuild 也是通过 PostgreSQL 来提供数据存储的, 在研究 CMDBuild 之前，需要对 PostgreSQL 进行简单的了解
这里分享一下 PostgreSQL 的安装方法
参考 Linux downloads (Red Hat family)
Tip: 当前的版本为 Version 10.3
操作
环境
代码语言：javascript复制[root@h210 ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: h210
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 33dc28f7e76c4903ad9b603b77e29a7c
Boot ID: 739de39e0b1440618015b8dcd595f9f7
Virtualization: kvm
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.21.1.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
[root@h210 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:f9:30:bb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
valid_lft 82748sec preferred_lft 82748sec
inet6 fe80::2bb7:5b3:9584:d8eb/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:a1:e7:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.56.210/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s8
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fea1:e717/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:16:5e:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:16:5e:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@h210 ~]#安装仓库
代码语言：javascript复制[root@h210 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 36
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 11月 30 2016 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 11月 30 2016 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 11月 30 2016 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 11月 30 2016 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 6月 16 2017 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 11月 30 2016 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2893 11月 30 2016 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 957 12月 28 2016 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1056 12月 28 2016 epel-testing.repo
[root@h210 ~]# yum install yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
c7-media | 3.6 kB 00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink | 5.9 kB 00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
(1/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 899 kB 00:04
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 167 kB 00:04
(3/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.3 MB 00:32
(4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:48
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirror.pregi.net
* c7-media:
* epel: mirror.pregi.net
* extras: mirrors.vinahost.vn
* updates: mirrors.vinahost.vn
No package install available.
pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpm | 4.6 kB 00:00
Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-RfPIvE/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpm: pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch
Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-RfPIvE/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pgdg-centos10.noarch 0:10-2 will be installed
---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-150.el7.centos will be updated
---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-154.el7.centos.1 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: rpm >= 4.11.3-22 for package: yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.1.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-21.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: rpm = 4.11.3-21.el7 for package: rpm-libs-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: rpm = 4.11.3-21.el7 for package: rpm-python-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64
---> Package rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-25.el7 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-21.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: rpm-libs(x86-64) = 4.11.3-21.el7 for package: rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64
---> Package rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-25.el7 will be an update
---> Package rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-21.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-25.el7 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-21.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-25.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
pgdg-centos10 noarch 10-2 /pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch 2.7 k
Updating:
yum noarch 3.4.3-154.el7.centos.1 updates 1.2 M
Updating for dependencies:
rpm x86_64 4.11.3-25.el7 base 1.2 M
rpm-build-libs x86_64 4.11.3-25.el7 base 104 k
rpm-libs x86_64 4.11.3-25.el7 base 275 k
rpm-python x86_64 4.11.3-25.el7 base 81 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Upgrade 1 Package ( 4 Dependent packages)
Total size: 2.8 M
Total download size: 2.8 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for base
updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 775 kB 00:03
Delta RPMs reduced 1.2 M of updates to 86 k (93% saved)
(1/5): rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:01
(2/5): rpm-python-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm | 81 kB 00:01
(3/5): yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos_3.4.3-154.el7.centos.1.noa | 86 kB 00:02
(4/5): rpm-libs-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm | 275 kB 00:03
(5/5): rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:06
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 277 kB/s | 1.7 MB 00:06
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : rpm-libs-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 1/11
Updating : rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 2/11
Updating : rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 3/11
Updating : rpm-python-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 4/11
Updating : yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.1.noarch 5/11
Installing : pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch 6/11
Cleanup : yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch 7/11
Cleanup : rpm-python-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 8/11
Cleanup : rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 9/11
Cleanup : rpm-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 10/11
Cleanup : rpm-libs-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 11/11
Verifying : rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 1/11
Verifying : rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 2/11
Verifying : rpm-libs-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 3/11
Verifying : yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.1.noarch 4/11
Verifying : pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch 5/11
Verifying : rpm-python-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 6/11
Verifying : rpm-python-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 7/11
Verifying : rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 8/11
Verifying : rpm-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 9/11
Verifying : rpm-libs-4.11.3-21.el7.x86_64 10/11
Verifying : yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch 11/11
Installed:
pgdg-centos10.noarch 0:10-2
Updated:
yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-154.el7.centos.1
Dependency Updated:
rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-25.el7 rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-25.el7
rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-25.el7 rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-25.el7
Complete!
[root@h210 ~]# yum list all | grep postgresql
calligra-kexi-driver-postgresql.x86_64 2.9.10-1.el7 epel
collectd-postgresql.x86_64 5.8.0-1.el7 epel
freeradius-postgresql.x86_64 3.0.13-8.el7_4 updates
libreoffice-postgresql.x86_64 1:5.0.6.2-14.el7 base
mingw32-postgresql.noarch 9.3.4-2.el7 epel
mingw64-postgresql.noarch 9.3.4-2.el7 epel
nextcloud-postgresql.noarch 10.0.4-2.el7 epel
opendbx-postgresql.x86_64 1.4.6-6.el7 epel
opensips-postgresql.x86_64 1.10.5-3.el7 epel
owncloud-postgresql.noarch 9.1.5-1.el7 epel
pcp-pmda-postgresql.x86_64 3.11.8-7.el7 base
pdns-backend-postgresql.x86_64 3.4.11-4.el7 epel
perdition-postgresql.x86_64 2.1-7.el7 epel
postgresql.i686 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-contrib.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-devel.i686 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-devel.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-docs.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-jdbc.noarch 42.2.1-1.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql-jdbc-javadoc.noarch 42.2.1-1.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql-libs.i686 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-libs.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-odbc.x86_64 09.03.0100-2.el7 base
postgresql-pgpool-II.x86_64 3.4.6-1.el7 epel
postgresql-pgpool-II-devel.x86_64 3.4.6-1.el7 epel
postgresql-pgpool-II-extensions.x86_64 3.4.6-1.el7 epel
postgresql-plperl.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-plpython.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-plruby.x86_64 0.5.3-13.el7 epel
postgresql-plruby-doc.x86_64 0.5.3-13.el7 epel
postgresql-pltcl.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-server.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-static.i686 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-static.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-test.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql-unit10.x86_64 3.1-1.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql-unit10-debuginfo.x86_64 3.1-1.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql-upgrade.x86_64 9.2.23-3.el7_4 updates
postgresql10.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-contrib.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-debuginfo.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-devel.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-docs.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-libs.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-odbc.x86_64 10.01.0000-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-plperl.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-plpython.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-pltcl.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-server.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-tcl.x86_64 2.4.0-1.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-tcl-debuginfo.x86_64 2.3.1-1.rhel7 pgdg10
postgresql10-test.x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10
proftpd-postgresql.x86_64 1.3.5e-4.el7 epel
python-testing.postgresql.noarch 1.1.0-2.el7 epel
qt-postgresql.i686 1:4.8.5-15.el7_4 updates
qt-postgresql.x86_64 1:4.8.5-15.el7_4 updates
qt5-qtbase-postgresql.i686 5.6.2-1.el7 base
qt5-qtbase-postgresql.x86_64 5.6.2-1.el7 base
soci-postgresql.x86_64 3.2.3-1.el7 epel
soci-postgresql-devel.x86_64 3.2.3-1.el7 epel
[root@h210 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 11月 30 2016 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 11月 30 2016 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 11月 30 2016 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 11月 30 2016 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 6月 16 2017 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 11月 30 2016 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2893 11月 30 2016 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 957 12月 28 2016 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1056 12月 28 2016 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1004 9月 24 17:54 pgdg-10-centos.repo
[root@h210 ~]#安装客户端
代码语言：javascript复制[root@h210 ~]# yum install postgresql10
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.pregi.net
* c7-media:
* epel: mirror.pregi.net
* extras: mirrors.vinahost.vn
* updates: mirrors.vinahost.vn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postgresql10.x86_64 0:10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: postgresql10-libs(x86-64) = 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql10-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql10-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postgresql10-libs.x86_64 0:10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql10 x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10 1.5 M
Installing for dependencies:
postgresql10-libs x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10 354 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package ( 1 Dependent package)
Total download size: 1.9 M
Installed size: 9.3 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/2): postgresql10-libs-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 354 kB 00:03
(2/2): postgresql10-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:09
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 195 kB/s | 1.9 MB 00:09
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : postgresql10-libs-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/2
Installing : postgresql10-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : postgresql10-libs-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : postgresql10-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
postgresql10.x86_64 0:10.3-1PGDG.rhel7
Dependency Installed:
postgresql10-libs.x86_64 0:10.3-1PGDG.rhel7
Complete!
[root@h210 ~]# echo $?
0
[root@h210 ~]#安装服务端
代码语言：javascript复制[root@h210 ~]# yum install postgresql10-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.pregi.net
* c7-media:
* epel: mirror.pregi.net
* extras: mirrors.vinahost.vn
* updates: mirrors.vinahost.vn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postgresql10-server.x86_64 0:10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql10-server x86_64 10.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg10 4.4 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 4.4 M
Installed size: 17 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
postgresql10-server-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 4.4 MB 00:19
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : postgresql10-server-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : postgresql10-server-10.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
postgresql10-server.x86_64 0:10.3-1PGDG.rhel7
Complete!
[root@h210 ~]# echo $?
0
[root@h210 ~]#初始化数据库
代码语言：javascript复制[root@h210 ~]# /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK
[root@h210 ~]#启动服务
代码语言：javascript复制[root@h210 ~]# systemctl status postgresql-10
● postgresql-10.service - PostgreSQL 10 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/
[root@h210 ~]# systemctl start postgresql-10
[root@h210 ~]# systemctl status postgresql-10
● postgresql-10.service - PostgreSQL 10 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 二 2018-03-06 22:14:43 CST; 2s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/
Process: 2478 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2484 (postmaster)
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-10.service
├─2484 /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/
├─2486 postgres: logger process
├─2488 postgres: checkpointer process
├─2489 postgres: writer process
├─2490 postgres: wal writer process
├─2491 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
├─2492 postgres: stats collector process
└─2493 postgres: bgworker: logical replication launcher
3月 06 22:14:42 h210 systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 10 database server...
3月 06 22:14:43 h210 postmaster[2484]: 2018-03-06 22:14:43.018 CST [2484] L...2
3月 06 22:14:43 h210 postmaster[2484]: 2018-03-06 22:14:43.018 CST [2484] L...2
3月 06 22:14:43 h210 postmaster[2484]: 2018-03-06 22:14:43.020 CST [2484] L..."
3月 06 22:14:43 h210 postmaster[2484]: 2018-03-06 22:14:43.023 CST [2484] L..."
3月 06 22:14:43 h210 postmaster[2484]: 2018-03-06 22:14:43.030 CST [2484] L...s
3月 06 22:14:43 h210 postmaster[2484]: 2018-03-06 22:14:43.030 CST [2484] H....
3月 06 22:14:43 h210 systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 10 database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@h210 ~]#
[root@h210 ~]# ps faux | grep -i post
root 2498 0.0 0.0 112648 1028 pts/0 S 22:15 0:00 _ grep --color=auto -i post
root 1654 0.0 0.1 91120 2168 ? Ss 21:38 0:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
postfix 1655 0.0 0.1 91224 3984 ? S 21:38 0:00 _ pickup -l -t unix -u
postfix 1656 0.0 0.1 91292 4004 ? S 21:38 0:00 _ qmgr -l -t unix -u
postgres 2484 0.0 0.8 391500 16488 ? Ss 22:14 0:00 /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/
postgres 2486 0.0 0.0 246436 1944 ? Ss 22:14 0:00 _ postgres: logger process
postgres 2488 0.0 0.1 391500 2168 ? Ss 22:14 0:00 _ postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 2489 0.0 0.1 391500 2672 ? Ss 22:14 0:00 _ postgres: writer process
postgres 2490 0.0 0.3 391500 6360 ? Ss 22:14 0:00 _ postgres: wal writer process
postgres 2491 0.0 0.1 391908 3000 ? Ss 22:14 0:00 _ postgres: autovacuum launcher process
postgres 2492 0.0 0.0 246432 2024 ? Ss 22:14 0:00 _ postgres: stats collector process
postgres 2493 0.0 0.1 391792 2524 ? Ss 22:14 0:00 _ postgres: bgworker: logical replication launcher
[root@h210 ~]#
[root@h210 ~]# netstat -antp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1741/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1524/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1526/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2484/postmaster
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1654/master
tcp 0 0 192.168.56.210:22 192.168.56.1:45640 ESTABLISHED 2109/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1524/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1526/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:5432 :::* LISTEN 2484/postmaster
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1654/master
[root@h210 ~]#访问数据库
代码语言：javascript复制[root@h210 ~]# createdb testdb
createdb: could not connect to database template1: FATAL: role "root" does not exist
[root@h210 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@h210 ~]# su - postgres
-bash-4.2$ cd /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/
-bash-4.2$ ls
base pg_commit_ts pg_logical pg_serial pg_subtrans pg_wal postmaster.opts
current_logfiles pg_dynshmem pg_multixact pg_snapshots pg_tblspc pg_xact postmaster.pid
global pg_hba.conf pg_notify pg_stat pg_twophase postgresql.auto.conf
log pg_ident.conf pg_replslot pg_stat_tmp PG_VERSION postgresql.conf
-bash-4.2$ createdb testdb
-bash-4.2$ psql testdb
psql (10.3)
Type "help" for help.
testdb=# select version();
version
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 10.3 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16), 64-bit
(1 row)
testdb=# h
Available help:
ABORT CREATE FOREIGN TABLE DROP SCHEMA
ALTER AGGREGATE CREATE FUNCTION DROP SEQUENCE
ALTER COLLATION CREATE GROUP DROP SERVER
ALTER CONVERSION CREATE INDEX DROP STATISTICS
ALTER DATABASE CREATE LANGUAGE DROP SUBSCRIPTION
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW DROP TABLE
ALTER DOMAIN CREATE OPERATOR DROP TABLESPACE
ALTER EVENT TRIGGER CREATE OPERATOR CLASS DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER EXTENSION CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER CREATE POLICY DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE CREATE PUBLICATION DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
ALTER FUNCTION CREATE ROLE DROP TRANSFORM
ALTER GROUP CREATE RULE DROP TRIGGER
ALTER INDEX CREATE SCHEMA DROP TYPE
ALTER LANGUAGE CREATE SEQUENCE DROP USER
ALTER LARGE OBJECT CREATE SERVER DROP USER MAPPING
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW CREATE STATISTICS DROP VIEW
ALTER OPERATOR CREATE SUBSCRIPTION END
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS CREATE TABLE EXECUTE
ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY CREATE TABLE AS EXPLAIN
ALTER POLICY CREATE TABLESPACE FETCH
ALTER PUBLICATION CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION GRANT
ALTER ROLE CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA
ALTER RULE CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER INSERT
ALTER SCHEMA CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE LISTEN
ALTER SEQUENCE CREATE TRANSFORM LOAD
ALTER SERVER CREATE TRIGGER LOCK
ALTER STATISTICS CREATE TYPE MOVE
ALTER SUBSCRIPTION CREATE USER NOTIFY
ALTER SYSTEM CREATE USER MAPPING PREPARE
ALTER TABLE CREATE VIEW PREPARE TRANSACTION
ALTER TABLESPACE DEALLOCATE REASSIGN OWNED
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION DECLARE REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY DELETE REINDEX
ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER DISCARD RELEASE SAVEPOINT
ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE DO RESET
ALTER TRIGGER DROP ACCESS METHOD REVOKE
ALTER TYPE DROP AGGREGATE ROLLBACK
ALTER USER DROP CAST ROLLBACK PREPARED
ALTER USER MAPPING DROP COLLATION ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
ALTER VIEW DROP CONVERSION SAVEPOINT
ANALYZE DROP DATABASE SECURITY LABEL
BEGIN DROP DOMAIN SELECT
CHECKPOINT DROP EVENT TRIGGER SELECT INTO
CLOSE DROP EXTENSION SET
CLUSTER DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER SET CONSTRAINTS
COMMENT DROP FOREIGN TABLE SET ROLE
COMMIT DROP FUNCTION SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
COMMIT PREPARED DROP GROUP SET TRANSACTION
COPY DROP INDEX SHOW
CREATE ACCESS METHOD DROP LANGUAGE START TRANSACTION
CREATE AGGREGATE DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW TABLE
CREATE CAST DROP OPERATOR TRUNCATE
CREATE COLLATION DROP OPERATOR CLASS UNLISTEN
CREATE CONVERSION DROP OPERATOR FAMILY UPDATE
CREATE DATABASE DROP OWNED VACUUM
CREATE DOMAIN DROP POLICY VALUES
CREATE EVENT TRIGGER DROP PUBLICATION WITH
CREATE EXTENSION DROP ROLE
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER DROP RULE
testdb=#
testdb=#
testdb=# q
-bash-4.2$总结
由于 PostgreSQL 准备好了相应的 yum 仓库，所以整个过程就是一个 rpm 包的安装过程
关于 PostgreSQL 的配置，后面有需要，再进行展开
