前言
Elasticsearch 使用 restful API 来进行数据操作
这里分享一下 Elasticsearch 简单的 CRUD API
参考 Document APIs
Tip: 当前版本 Version:6.1.3
操作
系统环境
代码语言：javascript复制[root@much ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: much
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 33dc28f7e76c4903ad9b603b77e29a7c
Boot ID: 71a5a14bde634bfc8c5bafb7d9442f9e
Virtualization: kvm
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.21.1.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
[root@much ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:d1:5d:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
valid_lft 85051sec preferred_lft 85051sec
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:47:20:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.56.208/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s8
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:16:5e:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:16:5e:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@much ~]#获取 indices
代码语言：javascript复制[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?pretty=true
yellow open .watcher-history-7-2018.02.04 c7SPfW83R5u_hLZURXU3sA 1 1 959 0 1.8mb 1.8mb
yellow open .watches R-OLTmNVRzqWE6njMyvUzA 1 1 5 0 47.1kb 47.1kb
yellow open .monitoring-es-6-2018.02.04 1iFJjxoCSC2nyfnp0onL9A 1 1 10701 25 8mb 8mb
yellow open abcdjustfortest IdqYj5EiTdqHCu6BiA7huQ 5 1 21 0 43kb 43kb
yellow open .monitoring-alerts-6 8D5NlTCxQPa4ULGr7mhKow 1 1 1 0 12.1kb 12.1kb
yellow open .triggered_watches qJawGoExRdOePEWXUq_mjg 1 1 0 0 43kb 43kb
green open .security-6 SypjlJsUTMezjPvwDffRgQ 1 0 3 0 9.9kb 9.9kb
yellow open .monitoring-kibana-6-2018.02.04 buqe4grJToeD_dbmL-cp1Q 1 1 588 0 421.7kb 421.7kb
yellow open .kibana PzWyv9kFRBi9stsDJSBskQ 1 1 2 0 7kb 7kb
[root@much ~]#-u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO'是在指定用户密码，如果ES进行了密码认证而不指定用户密码,会有如下报错
[root@much ~]# curl http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?pretty=true
{
"error" : {
"root_cause" : [
{
"type" : "security_exception",
"reason" : "missing authentication token for REST request [/_cat/indices?pretty=true]",
"header" : {
"WWW-Authenticate" : "Basic realm="security" charset="UTF-8""
}
}
],
"type" : "security_exception",
"reason" : "missing authentication token for REST request [/_cat/indices?pretty=true]",
"header" : {
"WWW-Authenticate" : "Basic realm="security" charset="UTF-8""
}
},
"status" : 401
}
[root@much ~]#增加文档
代码语言：javascript复制[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XPUT http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"a":"a","b":"b","c":"c"}'
{
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
[root@much ~]#i1 为 index 名，不存在就会自动创建
t1 为 type 名，不存在就会自动创建
1 为 id 号，不指定会随机分配，已经存在就会更新
? 用来分隔 API 路径和参数
pretty=true 为参数，以便于阅读的格式输出
使用 PUT 的方法添加数据
将 json 数据交给 -d 参数
这里必须指定内容类型 Content-Type 为 application/json, 否则默认的类型可能会报错
[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XPUT http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true -d
'{"a":"a","b":"b","c":"c"}'
{
"error" : "Content-Type header [application/x-www-form-urlencoded] is not supported",
"status" : 406
}
[root@much ~]#查询文档
代码语言：javascript复制[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XPUT http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/2?pretty=true -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"a":"a","b":"b","c":"c"}'
{
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "2",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XGET http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/2?pretty=true
{
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "2",
"_version" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"a" : "a",
"b" : "b",
"c" : "c"
}
}
[root@much ~]#使用 GET 来查询指定文档内容
一个文档由 index/type/id 来唯一标识
更新文档
对一个已经存在的文档进行再次创建就是一个简单的更新操作
代码语言：javascript复制[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XPUT http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"a":"a","b":"b","c":"c"}'
{
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 1,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
[root@much ~]#可见版本已经变成了版本2, result 为 updated
代码语言：javascript复制[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XPUT http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"a":"a","b":"b","c":"cx"}'
{
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 3,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 2,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XGET http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true {
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 3,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"a" : "a",
"b" : "b",
"c" : "cx"
}
}
[root@much ~]#同时修改内容，可现已经发生变更
代码语言：javascript复制[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XPUT http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"b":"bxx","c":"cx"}'
{
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 4,
"result" : "updated",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 3,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XGET http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true {
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 4,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"b" : "bxx",
"c" : "cx"
}
}
[root@much ~]#删除文档
代码语言：javascript复制[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true
{
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 5,
"result" : "deleted",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 4,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
[root@much ~]# curl -u 'elastic':'rlziMTdf- cFW4mN0&pO' -XGET http://localhost:9200/i1/t1/1?pretty=true
{
"_index" : "i1",
"_type" : "t1",
"_id" : "1",
"found" : false
}
[root@much ~]#使用 DELETE 方法来删除指定文档
