WIN10下创建Ubuntu18.04子系统及安装图形界面

一．开启WIN10子系统WSL

1.设置开发人员工作模式

设置——>更新和安全——>针对开发人员——>开发人员模式

2.启用WINDOWS子系统功能

控制面板——>程序——>程序和功能——>启用或关闭Windows功能——>适用于Linux的Windows子系统——>确定（然后重启）

二、在应用商店里安装ubuntu

打开微软件应用商店，搜索ubuntu，然后安装

安装完成后，子系统放在这里：

三．进入子系统并查看当前版本信息

root@moonrong:~# lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
Release: 18.04
Codename: bionic
root@moonrong:~#

四.修改默认源为阿里云镜像并更新

1.确认默认源并查看

root@moonrong:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse
root@moonrong:~#

2.修改默认源

1）备份原配置文件

root@moonrong:~# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.mybak20190227
root@moonrong:~#

2）修改源为阿里云镜像

用VIM进行替换

root@moonrong:~# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
root@moonrong:~#
:%s/security.ubuntu/mirrors.aliyun/g
:%s/archive.ubuntu/mirrors.aliyun/g

3.更新

root@moonrong:~# apt update
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [109 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [1,201 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en [568 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted amd64 Packages [8,344 B]
Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted Translation-en [2,908 B]
Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages [7,532 kB]
Get:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Translation-en [4,354 kB]
Get:10 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 Packages [144 kB]
Get:11 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse Translation-en [106 kB]
Get:12 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [913 kB]
Get:13 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Translation-en [368 kB]
Get:14 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [7,556 B]
Get:15 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted Translation-en [2,272 B]
Get:16 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages [732 kB]
Get:17 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe Translation-en [302 kB]
Get:18 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [16.6 kB]
Get:19 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse Translation-en [8,440 B]
Get:20 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [615 kB]
Get:21 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Translation-en [254 kB]
Get:22 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted amd64 Packages [7,204 B]
Get:23 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted Translation-en [2,152 B]
Get:24 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages [425 kB]
Get:25 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Translation-en [171 kB]
Get:26 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [5,600 B]
Get:27 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse Translation-en [2,676 B]
Fetched 18.2 MB in 10s (1,802 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
208 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
root@moonrong:~#