A Complete Guide of SAP Variant Configuration SAP变式配置的完整指南
Variant configuration is for manufacturing complex products. The manufacturer can always have to offer new variants of its products. Usually, new variants are created by modifying existing product designs as you process the order. The important thing is to react instantly to customers’ requirements. The product configurator improves the information exchange between sales, engineering, and production. Variant configuration helps the customer to put together specifications for the product and ensure that the product can be produced from these specifications. It also ensures that production costs do not overstep the mark.
变式配置用于制造复杂产品。制造商可以随时提供其产品的新变式（变种，变体）。通常，在处理订单时，通过修改现有产品设计来创建新的变式。重要的是对客户的要求立即做出反应。产品配置器改进了销售、工程和生产之间的信息交换。变式配置可帮助客户制定产品规格，并确保可以根据这些规格生产产品。它还可以确保生产成本不会超出标准。
In this tutorial, you will learn 通过这篇文章，你能学习：
Introduction to SAP VC SAP VC 介绍
What is Configurable Material? 什么是可配置物料？
Super BOM in VC VC中的超级BOM
Configuration Profile 配置参数文件
Variant Tables 变式表
Material Variant and Planning Material 物料变式和计划物料
Modeling Environment for Variant Configuration VC的建模环境
Introduction to SAP VC /SAP VC 介绍
Variant configuration is for used manufacturing complex products in which customer determines the features of the product. The objective of variant configuration is to react quickly to customers’ requirements. 变式配置用于制造复杂产品，通过它客户可以确定产品的特征。变式配置的目标是快速响应客户的需求。
Here it doesn’t need to create separate material for each variant of a product. When businesses introduce variant configuration this often goes beyond a business process re-engineering project. The variant configuration offers an opportunity to restructure product structures for which then processes are defined. This has a direct impact on core areas such as marketing and product data management. 在这里，它不需要为产品的每个变式（可以理解为变体，变型）创建单独的物料号。当业务引入变式配置时，这通常超出了业务流程重新设计项目的范围。变式配置提供了重组产品结构的机会，然后定义了相应的流程。这对营销和产品数据管理等核心领域有直接影响。
Advantages of VC VC的好处
- It’s no need to Create separate material master for each variant combination. 不用为每一个变式创建单独的物料主数据。
- Super BOM and Super Routing are enough for representing all possible Variants and Operations. 使用超级BOM和超级工艺路线就足够可以用来代表各种不同的变式以及工序。
- Able to react more flexibly to customer demands. 能够更灵活的响应客户需求。
- It increases the Information exchange between sales, engineering, and production. 提升了销售，工程和生产之间的信息交换。
What is Configurable Material? 什么是可配置物料？
A material with different features or characteristics is known as configurable material. Example: PC, Car. Configurable materials are either created in a material type, allows the configuration (n the standard system, the material type KMAT) or they are given the indicator Configurable in the material master record. 具有不同特点或特征的物料称为可配置物料。例如：电脑、汽车。可配置物料可以在物料类型中创建并允许配置（在标准系统中为物料类型KMAT），也可以在物料主记录中将’可配置的’标识符勾选上。
Master Data used for VC VC需要使用到的主数据
The following Objects are used as Master data for Variant configuration. 如下是VC需要使用的主数据。
- Super BOM 超级BOM
- Super Routing 超级工艺路线
- Characteristic 特性
- Class 类
- Object Dependencies 对象依赖
- Configuration Profile 配置参数文件
- SD Condition records SD条件记录
Super BOM in VC VC中的超级BOM
Super BOM Contains all the components for producing configurable products. It contains both variants as well as non-variant parts required for producing a configurable product. 超级BOM包含用于生产可配置产品的所有零件。它包含生产可配置产品所需的变式和非变式零件。
Super BOM with Class Item 带Class行项目的超级BOM
Class items can be used to control the selection of variant parts in a BOM. Variant parts are classified in a class, and the class is entered in the BOM as a class item. When you configure the material then the class is replaced by a suitable variant part.
Class行项目可用于控制BOM中变式零件的选择。变式零件通过一个Class来分类，该Class作为一个Class行项目输入在BOM中。配置物料时，该Class将被替换为合适的变式零件。
These are the following steps involved in super BOM with Class: 如下步骤用于定义带CLASS的超级BOM
- Determine all Characteristics and its Values assign it to Class with type 200. 定义相关的特性和值，然后指派给一个类型为200的Class。
- Assign a characteristic Values to materials by using Classification material 通过物料的Classification将特性值分派给物料。
- Assign class 200 with the material instead of assigning all BOM items.将200类型的Class 分配给物料，而不是将其分配给所有的BOM行项目。
- Create and Assign class 300 (with same characteristics) with configurable products using configuration profile. 使用配置参数文件创建并分配300类型的Class（具有相同特征）给可配置产品。
Super BOM with Material Components
This BOM (bill of material) of a configurable material contains all the components that are required to manufacture the material. The BOM contains components that are only used in specific variants (variant parts), as well as components that are used in all variants (non-variable parts). 可配置物料的BOM（物料清单）包含制造该物料所需的所有组件（零件）。BOM包含仅在特定变式（变型/变种）中使用的零部件，以及在所有变型（非变型零件）中使用的零部件。
These are the following steps involved in super BOM with Material Components: 以下是包含物料组件的超级BOM相关的步骤：
- Describe all Characteristics and its values assign it to Class with type 300. 描述所有特征及其值，并将其分配给一个300类型的Class。
- Assign Class with configurable material in the Configuration profile. 在配置参数文件中将Class指派给可配置物料。
- Bill of Material is created with all variant and non-variant items. 创建包含所有变式和非变式行项目的BOM。
- Describe interdependency between objects (Characteristic, BOM item, Routing Operation, etc?) by using Object Dependencies. 使用对象依赖来描述对象之间的相互依赖关系（特征、BOM行项目、工艺路线工序等）。
- Assign class 300 with configurable products using the configuration profiles. 使用配置参数文件为将300类型的class分配给可配置物料。
Configuration Profile 配置参数文件
Configuration profile for a material controls the configuration process in the sales order. The configurable profile also used to define central settings for configuring the object. Using this profile it is possible to hide some of the characteristic value defined during character creation. We can assign any number of profiles for a configurable material in which the selection is based on either priority or manual selection during configuration. 物料的配置参数文件控制销售订单中的配置过程。可配置参数文件还用于定义配置对象的重要设置。使用此参数文件，可以隐藏特性创建时候定义的某些特征值。我们可以为可配置物料分配任意数量的参数文件，当我们处理配置的时候可以基于参数文件的优先级或手动方式选择参数文件。
By defining a filter in the configuration profile, possible to describe the scope of the BOM items to improve system performance when exploding the BOM. The filter is active in high-level configuration, result-oriented BOMs, and SET processing. 通过在配置参数文件中定义过滤器，可以描述BOM行项目的范围，这样可以在展开BOM时提高系统性能。过滤器可以在高层级配置、面向结果的BOM和SET处理等场合下激活。
Following objects can be used as a filter: 如下的对象可以用于作为过滤器：
Object type: Class, material, document, text 对象类型：Class, 物料，文档，文本
- In the standard system, all object types are selected and therefore collapsed in the configuration. Remove the selection for the object types, which you do not want to be displayed. 在标准系统中，所有对象类型都被选中，因此在配置中被折叠。对于那些不希望显示的对象类型，用户可以删除被选中的状态。
Item category: Example stock or non-stock item 行项目类别比如stock或者non-stock 行项目
- All item categories in the configuration are collapsed in the standard system. Deselect for the item categories you do not want to be displayed. 配置中的所有行项目类别在标准系统中是被折叠的。对于不希望显示的行项目类别，用户可以取消选择。
Item status: 行项目状态
- You can maintain the status of a BOM item in maintain BOM dependent on its usage. 可以在维护BOM的时候设置BOM行项目的状态，具体取决于其用途。
- All the items are visible regardless of their item status in the standard system. However, only the items with this status are displayed when you select specific item statuses. Items are not visible that does not have the selected status. 标准系统中所有行项目均可见，无论的行项目状态是什么。但是，当业务人员选择某个行项目状态时，系统仅显示具有此状态的行项目，不具有该状态的行项目则不可见。
Sort string: 排序字符串
- You can use to assign sort strings for BOM items in maintaining BOM and you can restrict the display of the BOM items by using these sort strings. 在维护BOM的时候，你可以为BOM行项目指定排序字符串（sort string），并且可以通过使用这些排序字符串来限制BOM行项目的显示。
- Only items can carry sort strings are checked and only those that match are displayed. Items that have no sort of string are always displayed. 对于有排序字符串的行项目，只有当业务人员选中并且匹配的时候，系统才会显示。系统会始终显示没有设置排序字符串的行项目。
Variant Tables 变式表
Tables are used to store combinations of values for different characteristics for example, you can only have a gray car interior if the car’s paintwork is blue. Tables用于存储不同特征的值组合。例如，如果汽车的漆面为蓝色，则只能使用灰色的汽车内饰。
Tables are an aid to entry for dependencies. You enter the table in a dependency. The system uses the table to infer and check the values. If the interdependencies between characteristics change that you change the table, not the dependencies. Tables是输入依赖的辅助手段。您可以在依赖中输入该表。SAP系统使用该表来推断和检查值。如果特征之间的相互依赖发生变化，则只用去修改Tables，而不用去修改依赖。
Integration
- You can use tables in selection conditions, preconditions, actions, and constraints. 您可以在选择条件、前提条件、操作和约束中使用Table。
- In selection conditions, preconditions, and the conditional part of actions and procedures, tables are used to check the consistency of the values entered. 在选择条件、前提条件以及操作和程序的条件部分，使用Table检查输入值的一致性。
- In actions, procedures, conditions, and constraints, you can use tables to infer values. 在操作、程序、条件和约束中，您可以使用Table来推断值。
- In constraints, you can use tables to restrict the allowed values for a characteristic. 在约束中，您可以使用Table来限制某特征的允许值。
Material Variant and Planning Material
Material Variant 物料变式
- Material Variant is a material that can arise from individual Configuration of a configurable product and can be kept in stock 物料变式是一个物料，它产生于可配置产品的某个具体配置结果，它可以拥有库存。
- For variants that are required to create material variants frequently, which can be produced without a sales order and kept in stock. When a sales order is received, it is possible to check whether the variant required is in stock, so that it can be delivered immediately. 对于需要频繁创建物料变式的变式，可以在没有销售订单的情况下生产并保留其库存。当收到销售订单时，可以检查所需的变式是否有库存，以便可以立即交付。
- For material variants, a separate material master record is created with a material type and that is kept in stock. 对于物料变式，使用某个物料类型为之创建独立的物料主数据，并可以对其做库存管理。
- Separate the BOM and routing for a material variant, or you can link the material variant to the BOM and routing of the configurable material. The correct BOM items and operations are defined from the characteristic values assigned to the variant. 我们可以将某个物料变式从BOM和Routing中分离出来, 或者我们可以将物料变式与可配置物料的BOM以及工艺路线关联起来。正确的BOM行项目和工序是根据分配给变量的特征值来定义的。
Planning Material 计划物料
- Planning Material is a material that contains all the non-variant parts. 计划物料是包含所有非变式零件的物料。
- Using the planning material all non-variants are procured/produced before sales order. 使用计划物料，所有的非变式零件在销售订单创建之前前采购/生产。
- It is also possible to plan the Planning Materials without reference to any sales requirement. 也可以在不参考任何销售需求的情况下为计划物料做计划。
- Planning material is planned separately by using strategy 65 and produced before sales order creation. 计划物料使用策略65单独做计划，并在创建销售订单之前生成。
Modeling Environment for Variant Configuration 变式配置的建模环境
The use modeling environment for Variant Configuration is to view product configuration models in their entirety, edit the objects in the model, and test the model itself. You can specify which configurator is to be used for interactive product configurations involving the material that you have loaded in the modeling environment. 变量配置的建模环境用于查看产品配置模型的整体，编辑模型中的对象，并测试模型本身。您可以指定哪个配置器将会被用于已加载到建模环境中的物料的交互式产品配置。
You can use this tool as a simple alternative to the traditional functions for maintaining models. 您可以使用此工具作为维护模型的传统功能的简单替代方法。
Features 特点
The modeling environment shows the key objects in the form of a model tree. It also provides detailed views for each object and shows the object’s attributes. You can create new objects and you can edit existing ones in both the tree structure and detailed views. The environment is mainly used to create and edit object dependencies. 建模环境以模型树的形式显示关键对象。它还提供每个对象的详细视图，并显示对象的属性。可以在树结构视图和详细视图中创建新对象，也可以修改现有对象。该环境主要用于创建和编辑对象依赖关系。
You can load existing objects that do not belong to the model you are currently editing into your work list in the modeling environment, which groups all the objects that belong to your model in a clear overview. A favorites list allows you to manage frequently used objects separately. 可以将不属于当前正在编辑的模型的现存对象加载到建模环境中的工作列表中，该工作列表将属于模型的所有对象分组放在一个清晰的概览中。收藏夹列表允许用户单独管理常用对象。
You can able to test the model directly from the modeling environment. You can also use both the standard Variant Configuration function and the Internet Pricing and Configurator (IPC) to simulate configurations. 用户可以直接从建模环境中测试模型，还可以使用标准变式配置功能和Internet Pricing and Configurator（IPC）来模拟配置。
Activities
To launch the modeling environment, you can choose Modeling Environment for Variant Configuration from the Variant Configuration menu. 要启动建模环境，可以从Variant Configuration菜单中为Variant Configuration选择Modeling Environment。
- Configurable material
- The class type that is allowed for Variant Configuration
- Date or change number
- Plant or BOM application
原文地址：
https://www.gologica.com/elearning/a-complete-guide-of-sap-variant-configuration-tutorial/
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2021-9-20 翻译于住处。
