如何在Redhat7.3的CDH5.14中启用Kerberos

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1.文档编写目的

在前面的文章中，Fayson介绍了《如何在Redhat7.3安装CDH5.14》，这里我们基于这个环境开始安装MIT Kerberos。前面Fayson也介绍过《如何在CDH集群启用Kerberos》，当时的环境是Redhat6的，大家也可以看看Redhat6和7安装Kerberos有什么区别。

内容概述：

1.如何安装及配置KDC服务

2.如何通过CDH启用Kerberos

3.如何登录Kerberos并访问Hadoop相关服务

4.总结

测试环境：

1.操作系统：Redhat7.3

2.CDH5.14

3.采用ec2-user用户进行操作

2.KDC服务安装及配置

本文档中将KDC服务安装在Cloudera Manager Server所在服务器上（KDC服务可根据自己需要安装在其他服务器）

1.在Cloudera Manager服务器上安装KDC服务

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo yum -y install krb5-server krb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation

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2.修改/etc/krb5.conf配置

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo vim /etc/krb5.conf
# Configuration snippets may be placed in this directory as well
includedir /etc/krb5.conf.d/
[logging]
 default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
 kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
 admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log
[libdefaults]
 dns_lookup_realm = false
 ticket_lifetime = 24h
 renew_lifetime = 7d
 forwardable = true
 rdns = false
 default_realm = FAYSON.COM
 #default_ccache_name = KEYRING:persistent:%{uid}
[realms]
 FAYSON.COM = {
  kdc = ip-172-31-16-68.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal
  admin_server = ip-172-31-16-68.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal
 }
[domain_realm]
 .ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM
 ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM

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标红部分为需要修改的信息。

3.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl配置

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
*/admin@FAYSON.COM      *

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4.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf配置

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf 
[kdcdefaults]
 kdc_ports = 88
 kdc_tcp_ports = 88
[realms]
 FAYSON.COM = {
  #master_key_type = aes256-cts
  max_renewable_life= 7d 0h 0m 0s
  acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
  dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words
  admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab
  supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hma
c:normal camellia256-cts:normal camellia128-cts:normal des-hmac-sha1:normal des-cbc-md5:norm
al des-cbc-crc:normal
 }

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标红部分为需要修改的配置。

5.创建Kerberos数据库

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo kdb5_util create -r FAYSON.COM -s
Loading random data
Initializing database '/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/principal' for realm 'FAYSON.COM',
master key name 'K/M@FAYSON.COM'
You will be prompted for the database Master Password.
It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.
Enter KDC database master key: 
Re-enter KDC database master key to verify: 
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$

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此处需要输入Kerberos数据库的密码。

6.创建Kerberos的管理账号

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM": 
Re-enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM": 
Principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  exit
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$

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标红部分为Kerberos管理员账号，需要输入管理员密码。

7.将Kerberos服务添加到自启动服务，并启动krb5kdc和kadmin服务

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo systemctl enable krb5kdc
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo systemctl enable kadmin
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo systemctl start krb5kdc
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo systemctl start kadmin

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8.测试Kerberos的管理员账号

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ kinit admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
Password for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM: 
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1000
Default principal: admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
02/04/2018 01:35:10  02/05/2018 01:35:10  krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM
        renew until 02/11/2018 01:35:10
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$

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9.为集群安装所有Kerberos客户端，包括Cloudera Manager

使用批处理脚本为集群所有节点安装Kerberos客户端

代码语言：txt复制

[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list 'yum -y install krb5-libs krb5-workstation'

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10.在Cloudera Manager Server服务器上安装额外的包

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo yum -y install openldap-clients

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11.将KDC Server上的krb5.conf文件拷贝到所有Kerberos客户端

使用批处理脚本将Kerberos服务端的krb5.conf配置文件拷贝至集群所有节点的/etc目录下：

代码语言：txt复制

[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh bk_cp.sh node.list /etc/krb5.conf /etc/

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3.CDH集群启用Kerberos

1.在KDC中给Cloudera Manager添加管理员账号

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM": 
Re-enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM": 
Principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  exit
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$

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2.进入Cloudera Manager的“管理”->“安全”界面

3.选择“启用Kerberos”，进入如下界面

4.确保如下列出的所有检查项都已完成

5.点击“继续”，配置相关的KDC信息，包括类型、KDC服务器、KDC Realm、加密类型以及待创建的Service Principal（hdfs，yarn,，hbase，hive等）的更新生命期等

6.不建议让Cloudera Manager来管理krb5.conf, 点击“继续”

7.输入Cloudera Manager的Kerbers管理员账号，一定得和之前创建的账号一致，点击“继续”

8.点击“继续”启用Kerberos

9.Kerberos启用完成，点击“继续”

10.勾选重启集群，点击“继续”

11.集群重启完成，点击“继续”

12.点击“继续”

点击“完成”，至此已成功启用Kerberos。

4.Kerberos使用

使用fayson用户运行MapReduce任务及操作Hive，需要在集群所有节点创建fayson用户。

1.使用kadmin创建一个fayson的principal

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc fayson@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for fayson@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM": 
Re-enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM": 
Principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:

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2.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ sudo kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc fayson@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for fayson@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM": 
Re-enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM": 
Principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  exit
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ kdestroy
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ kinit fayson

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3.在集群所有节点添加fayson用户

使用批量脚本在所有节点添加fayson用户

代码语言：txt复制

[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list "useradd fayson"

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4.运行MapReduce作业

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ hadoop jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce/hadoop-examples.jar pi 10 1

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5.使用beeline连接hive进行测试

代码语言：txt复制

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-16-68 ~]$ beeline 
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.14.0 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-16-68.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@FAYSON.COM
scan complete in 1ms
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-16-68.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@FAYSON.COM
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.14.0)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.14.0)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables;

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创建一个test表

代码语言：txt复制

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create table test(id int, name string);

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向test表中插入数据

代码语言：txt复制

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> insert into test values(1, 'fayson');

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执行一个Count语句

代码语言：txt复制

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test;

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5.常见问题

1.使用Kerberos用户身份运行MapReduce作业报错

代码语言：txt复制

main : run as user is fayson
main : requested yarn user is fayson
Requested user fayson is not whitelisted and has id 501,which is below the minimum allowed 1000
Failing this attempt. Failing the application.
17/09/02 20:05:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0
Job Finished in 6.184 seconds
java.io.FileNotFoundException: File does not exist: hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148:8020/user/fayson/QuasiMonteCarlo_1504382696029_1308422444/out/reduce-out
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1266)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1820)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1844)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.estimatePi(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:314)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.run(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:354)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:70)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.main(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:363)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:71)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.run(ProgramDriver.java:144)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:74)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

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