系统:Windows 7 语言版本:Anaconda3-4.3.0.1-Windows-x86_64 编辑器:pycharm-community-2016.3.2 Django:2.1.4 Python:3.6.0
- 本系列介绍如何搭建一个网站,后端使用django框架
- 今天开始介绍一个单独的项目app
- 主要功能包括: 学习成绩查询,数据统计分析
- 涉及前端模块:Datatables、ECharts、JQuery
Part 1:目标
- 因为近来重新换了一个电脑,将原来的代码直接复制到新电脑中是无法运行的。尝试重新创建数据库,进行migrate,各种报错。
- 一怒之下,重新创建一次这个项目,进行手动迁移
Part 2:步骤
- 创建虚拟环境,安装Django,确保版本是和之前的时一致的
- 新建项目:
django-admin startproject 项目名称
,这里项目名称为A2,和之前的保持一致,所以对应命令为django-admin startproject A02
- 手动新建数据库:
XUEXIHUOBAN
- 修改
settings
文件,配置数据库等,具体信息如下一节 - 数据库生成:
makemigrations
,migrate
,此时会生成自带工作表 - 新建python包,
apps
- 复制之前项目的
media
,static
,template
文件夹 - 新建app,
python manage.py startapp school_grades
- 在pycharm中移动新建的app(
school_grades
)到apps文件夹下 - 复制上一个项目该app下的py文件到新建的app下,注意只是复制py文件,另外两个文件夹不要复制
- 数据库更新:
makemigrations
,migrate
,生成对应工作表 - 运行项目:
python manage.py runserver
文件结构
py文件清单
运行结果
Part 3:A02-settings.py
代码语言:javascript复制"""
Django settings for A02 project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.1.4.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/
"""
import os
import sys
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '省略'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'school_grades',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'A02.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'A02.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'XUEXIHUOBAN',
'USER': '账户',
'PASSWORD': '密码',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1'
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),)
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media').replace('\', '/') # 设置静态文件路径为主目录下的media文件夹
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
Part 4:数据库迁移小技巧
- 当多次migrate,发现实际表和models中不一致,无法找到原因
- 提供一个比较暴力的解法
- 先删除Mysql数据库中的该表,若有数据需要保留,请提前保存
- 将models中对应该表的代码注释
- 执行以下命令:
- makemigrations
- migrate —fake
d. 取消models中的对应表的注释
e. 执行以下命令
- makemigrations
- migrate
以上为本次的学习内容,下回见