hi,各位同学大家好,今天来给大家讲解下spring框架事务的原理。
spring事务有配置文件和注解两种方法,配置文件方式原理这里就不做过多的介绍,本次重点解释注解@Transactional的原理。
一:注解@Transactional的执行原理过程:
- 服务器启动时进行注解扫描,将所有带有@Transactional的方法都生成一个aop代理对象;
- 调用者在调用方法时,被切入到aop中,实际调用的是aop的代理对象;
- 在aop代理对象中开启了jdbc事务,并调用了真实的方法;
- aop代理对象得到方法执行的情况作出提交或回滚的操作。
二:为什么抛出异常后事务回滚失败?
某些情况下明明出现异常,并且抛出了,但是回滚却失败了,这是怎么回事呢,要了解这个问题我们就需要深入解读spring的事务源码,其中关键核心的源码在org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport,其中的方法invokeWithinTransaction控制着事务的逻辑,源码如下:
代码语言:javascript复制protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, Class<?> targetClass, final TransactionAspectSupport.InvocationCallback invocation) throws Throwable { final TransactionAttribute txAttr = this.getTransactionAttributeSource().getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass); final PlatformTransactionManager tm = this.determineTransactionManager(txAttr); final String joinpointIdentification = this.methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr); Object result; if (txAttr != null && tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) { final TransactionAspectSupport.ThrowableHolder throwableHolder = new TransactionAspectSupport.ThrowableHolder();
try { result = ((CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)tm).execute(txAttr, new TransactionCallback<Object>() { public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) { TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo = TransactionAspectSupport.this.prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
Object var4; try { Object var3 = invocation.proceedWithInvocation(); return var3; } catch (Throwable var8) { if (txAttr.rollbackOn(var8)) { if (var8 instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException)var8; }
throw new TransactionAspectSupport.ThrowableHolderException(var8); }
throwableHolder.throwable = var8; var4 = null; } finally { TransactionAspectSupport.this.cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo); }
return var4; } }); if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) { throw throwableHolder.throwable; } else { return result; } } catch (TransactionAspectSupport.ThrowableHolderException var18) { throw var18.getCause(); } catch (TransactionSystemException var19) { if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) { this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable); var19.initApplicationException(throwableHolder.throwable); }
throw var19; } catch (Throwable var20) { if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) { this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable); }
throw var20; } } else { TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo = this.createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
try { //1.执行调用链,循环调用执行前置方法,真实方法 result = invocation.proceedWithInvocation(); } catch (Throwable var16) { //1.2出现异常后,进行处理,回滚事务 this.completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, var16); throw var16; } finally { this.cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo); } //2.方法执行顺利,调用后置方法,提交事务 this.commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo); return result; } }
其中最关键的几行代码我在上面进行了注释,总体的逻辑是先执行一些真实方法的前置切面,再执行真实方法,如果有异常就进行处理(事务回滚),如果没有异常就提交事务,并执行后置增强方法。
所以,要了解事务回滚失败的原因,就需要进一步的探究方法 this.completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, var16),源码如下:
protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(TransactionAspectSupport.TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) { if (txInfo != null && txInfo.hasTransaction()) { if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) { this.logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() "] after exception: " ex); }
if (txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) { try { txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus()); } catch (TransactionSystemException var7) { this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex); var7.initApplicationException(ex); throw var7; } catch (RuntimeException var8) { this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex); throw var8; } catch (Error var9) { this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback error", ex); throw var9; } } else { try { txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus()); } catch (TransactionSystemException var4) { this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex); var4.initApplicationException(ex); throw var4; } catch (RuntimeException var5) { this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex); throw var5; } catch (Error var6) { this.logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit error", ex); throw var6; } } }
}
从源码中可以看出,所处理的都是运行时RuntimeException异常及其之类的异常,也正是这个原因,一些非运行时异常抛出时,spring并未处理,所以没有回滚。
异常集成关系图,如下:
由上图可以看出像IO,SQL异常如果不进行特定的处理是不会进行事务回滚的。
在源码中,我们还注意到一行细节代码txInfo.getTransactionStatus(),就是执行事务时是根据事务状态来的,这也就有了为什么手动回滚事务的代码是这么写的:
TransactionAspectSupport.currentTransactionStatus().setRollbackOnly();
点进去源码可以看到,事务状态默认是false(提交的意思),调用此方法后,则改成true(回滚)
代码语言:javascript复制public abstract class AbstractTransactionStatus implements TransactionStatus { private boolean rollbackOnly = false; private boolean completed = false; private Object savepoint;
public AbstractTransactionStatus() { }
public void setRollbackOnly() { this.rollbackOnly = true; } ………………
由此,综上所述,spring事务回滚的原因有两个:
- 抛出的异常是非运行时异常RuntimeException;
- 事务状态被人为的修改。
那么有没有办法解决此问题了?
当然有啦,如果是人为的,只需找到对应代码调整或删除即可;
如果是非运行异常的抛出,spring针对此问题也做了解决方案,有两种方案
- 配置rollbackFor: @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
- 手动回滚事务 在抓取异常后,补仓代码:TransactionAspectSupport.currentTransactionStatus().setRollbackOnly(); 最后抛出异常即可。
rollbackFor是告知spring框架,要抓取非运行时异常,并回滚。=Exception.class是告知spring框架抓取的范围是什么。所以我们也可以自定义异常,只抓取特定的异常进行回滚。