绘图技巧 | 议会(项目)图还不会做？快上车~~

2021-03-25 14:38:32 浏览数 (1)

今天这篇推文小编给大家介绍一个一直想绘制的图表-议会图(parliament diagrams),当然这也是柱形图系列变形的一种。绘制这种图表也是超级简单的，只需使用R-ggpol包进行绘制即可，当然，改包还提供其他优秀的绘图函数，下面就一起来看下吧。

  • R-ggpol包简介
  • R-ggpol包实例介绍(议会图为主)

R-ggpol包简介

  1. 官网：

https://github.com/erocoar/ggpol

  1. 绘图函数

作为ggplot2绘图系统中的一员，其安装方便(RStudio直接搜索安装即可)而且还可以通过ggplot2强大的绘图函数设计出自己的可视化作品。其提供的主要绘图函数如下：

  • geom_arcbar(): 绘制跨越180度的弧形条形图。
  • geom_parliament(): 绘制议会图(parliament diagrams)，即圆弧上的圆圈，其中每个圆圈代表一个议会议员。指定了fill或color即可进行填充和颜色的映射。
  • geom_circle(): 绘制具有指定半径的圆多边形,注意和ggplot2的geom_point()区分开。
  • geom_tshighlight(): 可对绘制时间序列的图表进行突出作用，也是比较常用的绘图技巧。
  • geom_boxjitter(): 绘制了一个混合箱形图-半箱形图且带有误差线的图。

R-ggpol包实例介绍

「geom_boxjitter」:

(绘制了一个混合箱形图-半箱形图且带有误差线的图)

代码语言：javascript复制
library(ggpol)
library(tidyverse)
library(ggtext)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(LaCroixColoR)

library(ggsci) # 使用科学系配色
df <- data.frame(score = rgamma(150, 4, 1), 
                 gender = sample(c("M", "F"), 150, replace = TRUE), 
                 genotype = factor(sample(1:3, 150, replace = TRUE)))

boxjitter <- ggplot(df)   
  geom_boxjitter(aes(x = genotype, y = score, fill = gender),
                 jitter.shape = 21, jitter.color = NA, 
                 jitter.height = 0, jitter.width = 0.04,
                 outlier.color = NA, errorbar.draw = TRUE)  
  ggsci::scale_fill_jco()  
  labs(
    title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggpol::geom_boxjitter function</span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_boxjitter()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#DD6449'>DataCharm</span>")  
  hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed")   
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(face = 'bold',size = 12)
      )

geom_boxjitter example

顺便提一下，很喜欢sci包的这个配色，特适合绘制科研图表哦~~

「geom_tshighlight」

(可对绘制时间序列的图表进行突出作用，也是比较常用的绘图技巧.)

代码语言：javascript复制
time_hlight <- ggplot(economics, aes(x = date, y = unemploy))  
  geom_line()  
  geom_tshighlight(aes(xmin = as.Date("01/01/1990", format = "%d/%m/%Y"), 
                       xmax = as.Date("01/01/2000", format = "%d/%m/%Y")),
                       alpha = 0.01)  
  labs(
    title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggpol::geom_tshighlight function</span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_tshighlight()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#DD6449'>DataCharm</span>")  
  hrbrthemes::theme_ft_rc(base_family = "Roboto Condensed")   
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(face = 'bold',size = 12)
      )

geom_tshighlight example

这里使用了hrbrthemes::theme_ft_rc()主题风格(暗黑系列)，也是小编较常用的主题哦~~

「geom_arcbar」

绘制跨越180度的弧形条形图。

代码语言：javascript复制
#构建数据
test_data_bt <- data.frame(
  parties = factor(c("CDU", "CSU", "AfD", "FDP", "SPD",
                     "Linke", "Gruene", "Fraktionslos"),
                   levels = c("CDU", "CSU", "AfD", "FDP", "SPD",
                              "Linke", "Gruene", "Fraktionslos")),
  seats   = c(200, 46, 92, 80, 153, 69, 67, 2),
  # colors  = c("black", "blue", "lightblue", "yellow", "red",
  #             "purple", "green", "grey"),
  stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

arcbar <- ggplot(test_data_bt)   
  geom_arcbar(aes(shares = seats, r0 = 5, r1 = 10, fill = parties),
              color="gray50" ,sep = 0.1)   
  #scale_fill_manual(values = bt$colors)  
  scale_fill_manual(values = lacroix_palette(type = "paired")) 
  coord_fixed()  
  # 修改图例
  guides(fill=guide_legend(nrow=2,byrow=TRUE,reverse = TRUE,title=NULL)) 
 # theme_void(base_family = "Roboto Condensed")  
  labs(
    title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggpol::geom_arcbar function</span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_arcbar()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#DD6449'>DataCharm</span>")  
  hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed")   
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(face = 'bold',size = 12),
    # 去除刻度线和网格线
    axis.text.x = element_blank(),
    axis.text.y = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    panel.background = element_rect(fill="#FEFBCD"),
    panel.border = element_rect(fill = NA,colour = "#FEFBCD"),
    plot.background = element_rect(fill="#FEFBCD",colour = "#FEFBCD"),
    # 修改图例参数
    legend.position = 'bottom',
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.spacing.y = unit(0.1,"cm"),
    legend.spacing.x = unit(0.1,"cm"),
    legend.key.size = unit(0.8, 'lines'),
    legend.text = element_text(margin = margin(r = .5, unit = 'cm'))
  )

geom_arcbar example

这里我们在hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum() 主题基础上进行了一些修改，具体代码中均有解释。

「geom_parliament」

议会(项目)图(parliament diagrams)

代码语言：javascript复制
library(readxl)

df<-read_excel("test.xlsx")
#head(df)
df1<-df%>%group_by(Party)%>%summarise(Seats=sum(Seats))%>%arrange(Seats) # 简单的数据处理
df1$legend <- paste0(df1$Party,"(", df1$Seats,")") # 拼接字符串

parliament <- ggplot(data = df1)  
  geom_parliament(aes(seats = Seats,fill =  Party),color="black")  
  scale_fill_manual(values = lacroix_palette(type = "paired"),labels=df1$legend)  
  # 修改图例
  guides(fill=guide_legend(nrow=3,byrow=TRUE,reverse = TRUE,title=NULL)) 
  # 添加描述性文字
  annotate("text", x = 0, y = 0.4, 
           label = "Seats in the Parliament :n 423 occupied n 27 vacant",
           colour = "gray20",size=5)  
  labs(
    title = "Example of <span style='color:#D20F26'>ggpol::geom_parliament function</span>",
    subtitle = "processed charts with <span style='color:#1A73E8'>geom_parliament()</span>",
    caption = "Visualization by <span style='color:#DD6449'>DataCharm</span>")  
  hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum(base_family = "Roboto Condensed")   
  # 定制化主题
  theme(
    plot.title = element_markdown(hjust = 0.5,vjust = .5,color = "black",
                                  size = 20, margin = margin(t = 1, b = 12)),
    plot.subtitle = element_markdown(hjust = 0,vjust = .5,size=15),
    plot.caption = element_markdown(face = 'bold',size = 12),
    # 去除刻度线和网格线
    axis.text.x = element_blank(),
    axis.text.y = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    panel.background = element_rect(fill="#FEFBCD"),
    panel.border = element_rect(fill = NA,colour = "#FEFBCD"),
    plot.background = element_rect(fill="#FEFBCD",colour = "#FEFBCD"),
    # 修改图例参数
    legend.position = 'bottom',
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.spacing.y = unit(0.1,"cm"),
    legend.spacing.x = unit(0.1,"cm"),
    legend.key.size = unit(0.8, 'lines'),
    legend.text = element_text(margin = margin(r = .5, unit = 'cm'))
  )

geom_parliament example

到这里呢，议会(项目)图(parliament diagrams)也就绘制完成了，虽然一些交互式工具(如Highcharts)也可快速绘制，而我们的目的还是进行细节、配色的练习哦~~

总结

本期推文终于介绍了小编一直心心念念的可视化图了，同时，小伙伴们也应知道的是，善用一些优秀的主题包和颜色包，可以使你的可视化作品颜值提升的不止一个档次哦~，好了，感兴趣的小伙伴赶快去练习下吧~~

highcharts ggplot2 point 图表

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