在 WPF 中,如果在没有开启 Dispatcher 的后台线程里面创建 WriteableBitmap 对象,在 WriteableBitmap 构造函数传入在主线程创建的 BitmapSource 也许就会锁住主线程。本文将通过 WPF 框架源代码告诉大家为什么会锁住主线程
这是在 WPF 开源仓库上一个小伙伴报的,详细请看 WriteableBitmap hangs when source bitmap is rendered on other thread · Issue #4396 · dotnet/wpf
复现步骤十分简单,只需要在后台线程创建完成一个 BitmapSource 分别传入给主线程显示和后台线程创建 WriteableBitmap 就会锁住主线程,最简单的代码如下
代码语言:javascript复制 Task.Run(() =>
{
var image = new BitmapImage(new Uri(fileName));
image.Freeze(); // locks the bitmap source, so other threads can access
Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => Image.Source = (BitmapSource) image);
//Thread.Sleep(10); // WPF needs time to render the bitmap. During this period, creating a WriteableBitmap makes the program hang.
_ = new WriteableBitmap(image);
});
上面代码的 Image 是一个在 XAML 定义的控件
代码语言:javascript复制 <Image x:Name="Image"/>
上面的 fileName 是一个文件的路径。详细的测试代码请看 https://github.com/SetTrend/BitmapSourceTest
为什么这个后台线程和主线程会相互等待?原因是在后台线程创建 WriteableBitmap 时,会进入 WriteableBitmap.InitFromBitmapSource
方法,在这个方法里面获取了一个主线程后续将会等待的锁。然而后台线程后续需要等待主线程返回,才能完成创建图片,因此主线程在等待后台线程的锁而后台线程在等待主线程返回,两个线程在等待
通过 WPF 仓库的源代码可以看到 WriteableBitmap.InitFromBitmapSource
方法的实现如下
public sealed class WriteableBitmap : BitmapSource
{
private void InitFromBitmapSource(
BitmapSource source
)
{
// Ignore code
_syncObject = source.SyncObject;
lock (_syncObject)
{
// Ignore code
}
}
}
也就是说在后台线程将会拿到创建 WriteableBitmap 构造函数传入的 BitmapSource 的 SyncObject 对象作为锁。对应测试代码的 image 变量的 SyncObject 对象先被后台线程获取,然后在主线程渲染时,也需要用到这个锁,在主线程的堆栈如下
代码语言:javascript复制 PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapSource.UpdateBitmapSourceResource(System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel channel = {System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel}, bool skipOnChannelCheck)
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapSource.UpdateResource(System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel channel, bool skipOnChannelCheck)
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapSource.AddRefOnChannelCore(System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel channel = {System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel})
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapSource.System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.IResource.AddRefOnChannel(System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel channel)
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.RenderData.System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.IResource.AddRefOnChannel(System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel channel = {System.Windows.Media.Composition.DUCE.Channel})
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.UIElement.RenderContent(System.Windows.Media.RenderContext ctx, bool isOnChannel)
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Visual.UpdateContent(System.Windows.Media.RenderContext ctx = {System.Windows.Media.RenderContext}, System.Windows.Media.VisualProxyFlags flags, bool isOnChannel)
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Visual.RenderRecursive(System.Windows.Media.RenderContext ctx = {System.Windows.Media.RenderContext})
在主线程渲染图片,需要在 BitmapSource.UpdateBitmapSourceResource
方法里面获取锁,请看代码
public abstract class BitmapSource : ImageSource, DUCE.IResource
{
internal virtual void UpdateBitmapSourceResource(DUCE.Channel channel, bool skipOnChannelCheck)
{
// Ignore code
// We may end up loading in the bitmap bits so it's necessary to take the sync lock here.
lock (_syncObject)
{
channel.SendCommandBitmapSource(
_duceResource.GetHandle(channel),
DUCECompatiblePtr
);
}
}
}
}
上面代码的 _syncObject
和在后台线程获取的 SyncObject 是相同的对象,因此主线程需要等待后台线程。但是后台线程在执行到 MediaSystem.Startup
方法时,就需要等待主线程返回,后台线程调用堆栈如下
[Manage to Native]
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.MediaSystem.Startup(System.Windows.Media.MediaContext mc = {System.Windows.Media.MediaContext})
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.MediaContext(System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher dispatcher = {System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher})
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.MediaContext.From(System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher dispatcher)
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Imaging.WriteableBitmap.SubscribeToCommittingBatch()
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Imaging.WriteableBitmap.Unlock()
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Imaging.WriteableBitmap.InitFromBitmapSource(System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapSource source)
PresentationCore.dll!System.Windows.Media.Imaging.WriteableBitmap.WriteableBitmap(System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapSource source)
> BitmapSourceTest.dll!BitmapSourceTest.MainWindow.ProcessImageAsync(string filePath)
BitmapSourceTest.dll!BitmapSourceTest.MainWindow.BrowseFile_Click.AnonymousMethod__0()
System.Private.CoreLib.dll!System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InnerInvoke()
System.Private.CoreLib.dll!System.Threading.Tasks.Task..cctor.AnonymousMethod__277_0(object obj)
System.Private.CoreLib.dll!System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunFromThreadPoolDispatchLoop(System.Threading.Thread threadPoolThread = {System.Threading.Thread}, System.Threading.ExecutionContext executionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback callback, object state)
System.Private.CoreLib.dll!System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteWithThreadLocal(ref System.Threading.Tasks.Task currentTaskSlot = Id = 189, Status = Running, Method = "Void <BrowseFile_Click>b__0()", System.Threading.Thread threadPoolThread)
System.Private.CoreLib.dll!System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteEntryUnsafe(System.Threading.Thread threadPoolThread)
System.Private.CoreLib.dll!System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteFromThreadPool(System.Threading.Thread threadPoolThread)
System.Private.CoreLib.dll!System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch()
System.Private.CoreLib.dll!System.Threading._ThreadPoolWaitCallback.PerformWaitCallback()
可以从上面代码看到,主线程在等待后台线程的锁,而后台线程需要等待主线程返回才能释放锁
其实在后台线程创建图片,同时创建的图片的参数还是在主线程使用的图片,这样的逻辑不多,更多使用的是只在后台线程创建图片然后通过 Freeze 给到主线程用来解决性能问题。但上面测试代码的逻辑也不算出错,可以算 WPF 的已知坑。也许我会尝试去修复这个问题
如果不更改 WPF 框架代码,那么一个尝试解决的方法是在后台线程开启 UI 线程,预热一下渲染。预热用来解决后台线程创建 MediaContext 需要等待主线程,通过预先创建,此时可以等待到主线程,如下面代码
代码语言:javascript复制 Dispatcher backgroundDispatcher = null!;
AutoResetEvent resetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
Thread thread = new Thread(() =>
{
backgroundDispatcher = Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher;
resetEvent.Set();
Dispatcher.Run();
});
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start();
resetEvent.WaitOne();
// To Create the MediaContext which is thread static
backgroundDispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => new WriteableBitmap(1, 1, 96, 96, PixelFormats.Bgr32, null));
backgroundDispatcher.InvokeAsync(() =>
{
var image = new BitmapImage(new Uri(openDialog.FileName));
image.Freeze(); // locks the bitmap source, so other threads can access
Dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() => Image.Source = (BitmapSource) image);
_ = new WriteableBitmap(image);
});
代码放在 github 欢迎小伙伴访问
本文会经常更新,请阅读原文: https://blog.lindexi.com/post/dotnet-读-WPF-源代码笔记-了解-WPF-已知问题-后台线程创建-WriteableBitmap-锁住主线程.html ,以避免陈旧错误知识的误导,同时有更好的阅读体验。
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