Django 之模板篇

2021-05-13 14:32:44 浏览数 (1)

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Django 之路由篇

Django 之视图篇

Django 之 Models（Models 模型 & 数据表关系）

模板系统

用到的代码会放在文末

  • 模板：一组相同或者相似的页面，在需要个性化的地方进行留白，需要的时候只是用数据填充就可以使用
  • 步骤:
    1. 在settings中进行设置: TEMPLATES
    2. 在templates文件夹下编写模板并调用

模板-变量

  • 变量的表示方法；{{var_name}}
  • 在系统调用模板的时候，会用相应的数据查找相应的变量名称，如果能找到，则填充，或者叫渲染，否则，跳过
  • 案例 two.html
代码语言：txt复制
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>案例二</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1 style="color: red">Hello {{name}}</h1>
<h1 style="color: blue">Hello {{name2}}</h1>
</body>
</html>

模板-标签

  • for标签： {% for .. in .. %}
  • 用法：
代码语言：txt复制
    {% for .. in .. %}
代码语言：txt复制
        循环语句
代码语言：txt复制
    {% endfor %}
  • 案例 three.html，显示班级成绩<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>案例三</title> </head> <body> {% for s in score %} <h1 style="color: deeppink">{{s}}</h1> {% endfor %} </body> </html>

if 标签

  • 用来判断条件
  • 代码示例：
代码语言：txt复制
    {& if 条件 &}
代码语言：txt复制
        条件成立执行语句
代码语言：txt复制
    {% elif 条件 %}
代码语言：txt复制
        条件成立执行语句
代码语言：txt复制
    {% else %}
代码语言：txt复制
        以上条件都不成立执行语句
代码语言：txt复制
    {% endif %}
  • 案例 four.html<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>案例四</title> </head> <body> {% if name == "ruochen" %} <h1> {{name}}, 你好， </h1> {% elif name == "ruo" %} <h1> {{name}}, 你还记得大明湖畔的下雨天的荷吗？ </h1> {% else %} <h1> {{name}}, 你还有遗憾吗？ </h1> {% endif %} </body> </html>csrf 标签<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>案例五</title> </head> <body> <form action="/five_post/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} 用户名: <input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"> <br> 密码: <input type="password" name="password"> <br> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
  • csrf：跨站请求伪造
  • 在提交表单的时候，表单页面需要加上 {% csrf_token %}
  • 案例five_get, five_post

源码

  • urls.py
代码语言：txt复制
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from mytpl import views as v

urlpatterns = [
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'django_tpl.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^one/', v.one),
    url(r'^two/', v.two),
    url(r'^three/', v.three),
    url(r'^four/', v.four),
    url(r'^five_get/', v.five_get),
    url(r'^five_post/', v.five_post),

]
  • views.py
代码语言：txt复制
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def one(request):
    return render(request, r'one.html')

def two(request):
    # 用来存放模板中传递的数据
    ct = dict()
    ct['name'] = 'ruochen'
    ct['name2'] = 'ruo'
    return render(request, r'two.html', context=ct)

def three(request):
    ct = dict()
    ct['score'] = [99, 86, 23, 100, 46]
    return render(request, r'three.html', context=ct)

def four(request):
    ct = dict()
    ct['name'] = 'ru'

    return render(request, r'four.html', context=ct)

def five_get(request):
    return render(request, r'five_get.html')

def five_post(request):
    print(request.POST)
    return render(request, r'one.html')
  • settings.py
代码语言：txt复制
"""
Django settings for django_tpl project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '_qwgzdbkb&m5tzm%@b*^xh7(!u-)-v&&uk896dxj)wj3^@h_xb'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'mytpl',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'django_tpl.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        # 告诉django，在当前项目目录下查询叫templates的文件夹，下面是模板
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_tpl.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
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