一、基础环境
系统版本 | nginx版本 | keepalived版本 | ip | 作用 |
---|---|---|---|---|
CentOS Linux release 7.6 | nginx/1.18.0 | keepalived-2.1.5 | 192.168.86.135 | master |
CentOS Linux release 7.6 | nginx/1.18.0 | keepalived-2.1.5 | 192.168.86.136 | slave |
VIP:192.168.86.137
二、编译环境安装
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c libtool openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
挂镜像到系统
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repo.bak
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo.bak
sed -i 's#file:///media/cdrom/##g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
sed -i 's#file:///media/cdrecorder/##g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
sed -i 's/^ *enabled *=.*$/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
sed -i 's#^ *baseurl *=.*$#baseurl=file:///mnt/centos/#g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
mount -t iso9660 -o loop /tools/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1908.iso /mnt/centos
三、安裝nginx
- 安裝nignx #进入目录 cd /tools #上传安装文件,并解压 tar -zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz #进入安装目录 cd nginx-1.18.0 #检查配置 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-stream make&&make install
- 修改nginx配置文件
修改 Nginx 欢迎首页内容(用于后面测试, 用于区分两个节点的 Nginx):
- master echo 'this is master 135' > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
- slave echo 'this is slave 136' > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
- 修改nginx.conf
- # vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
- user root; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 88; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } }
- #user nobody; worker_processes 2; error_log logs/error.log; error_log logs/error.log debug; error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; multi_accept on; accept_mutex on; worker_connections 65535; } stream{ upstream tcp21001{ server 192.168.10.130:11001 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;#负载均衡的主机IP与端口 weight权重 代表分到资源的比例 max_fails=2 失败超过2次,剔除 fail_timeout=30s 30秒不会在连接些服务 } server{ #listen [::1]:7777 #IPV6 listen 7777;#监听本机端口号IPV4 proxy_pass tcp11001; proxy_connect_timeout 3s; #服务不通时 超时时间 proxy_timeout 3600s; #无数据传送,超时时间
- upstream tcp21002{ server 192.178.17.130:11002 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;#负载均衡的主机IP与端口 weight权重 代表分到资源的比例 max_fails=2 失败超过2次,剔除 fail_timeout=30s 30秒不会在连接些服务 } server{ #listen [::1]:8888 #IPV6 listen 8888;#监听本机端口号IPV4 proxy_pass tcp11002; proxy_connect_timeout 3s; #服务不通时 超时时间 proxy_timeout 3600s; #无数据传送,超时时间 } }
- 启动nginx systemctl start nginx
- 测试nginx启动 curl localhost this is master135
4.CentOS 7设置Nginx开机启动
代码语言:javascript复制第一步:在/lib/systemd/system目录下创建nginx.service文件
第二步:编辑nginx.service文件:
vi /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx quit
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Unit]:服务的说明
Description:描述服务
After:描述服务类别
[Service]服务运行参数的设置
Type=forking是后台运行的形式
ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令
ExecReload为重启命令
ExecStop为停止命令
PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
注意:[Service]的启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
[Install]运行级别下服务安装的相关设置,可设置为多用户,即系统运行级别为3
#赋予脚本执行权限
chmod x /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
第三步:加入开机启动
# systemctl enable nginx.service
取消开机自启动
#systemctl disable nginx.service
启动nginx服务
#systemctl start nginx.service
停止nginx服务
#systemctl stop nginx.service
重启nginx服务
#systemctl restart nginx.service
查看所有以启动的服务
#systemctl list-units --type=service
查看服务当前状态
#systemctl status nginx.service
遇到的错误
Warning: nginx.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.
按照提示执行命令systemctl daemon-reload即可。
生成系统service管理文件
代码语言:javascript复制vvim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx-The High-performance HTTP Server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile= /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
6.加防火墙
添加
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=88/tcp --permanent
删除
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=80/tcp --permanent
更新防火墙规则: firewall-cmd --reload
查看所有打开的端口: firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
四、安装keepalived
1、 创建依赖环境
代码语言:javascript复制yum -y install libnl libnl-devel gcc openssl-devel libnl3-devel pcre-devel net-snmp-agent-libs libnfnetlink-devel curl
wget
2、安装keepalived
代码语言:javascript复制tar -zxvf keepalived-2.1.5.tar.gz
cd keepalived-2.1.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived-2.1.5
make && make install
3、创建启动文件
代码语言:javascript复制ln -s /usr/local/keepalived-2.1.5 /usr/local/keepalived
mkdir /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/keepalived-2.1.5/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
ln -s /usr/local/keepalived-2.1.5/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
下面文件要从keepalived源码目录复制,安装目录中没有cp
cp /tools/keepalived-2.1.5/keepalived/keepalived.service /etc/systemd/system/
cp /tools/keepalived-2.1.5/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
4、创建配置文件
- master cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { #一个没重复的名字即可 router_id xxoo_master } # 检测nginx是否运行 vrrp_script chk_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh" interval 2 weight -20} vrrp_instance VI_1 { # 此处不设置为MASTER,通过priority来竞争master state BACKUP # 网卡名字,文章下方会给出如何获取网卡名字的方法 interface enp0s3 # 同一个keepalived集群的virtual_router_id相同 virtual_router_id 51 # 权重,master要大于slave priority 100 # 主备通讯时间间隔 advert_int 1 # 如果两节点的上联交换机禁用了组播,则采用vrrp单播通告的方式 # 本机ip unicast_src_ip 192.168.0.182 unicast_peer { # 其他机器ip 192.168.0.189 } # 设置nopreempt防止抢占资源 nopreempt # 主备保持一致 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } # 与上方nginx运行状况检测呼应 track_script { chk_nginx } virtual_ipaddress { # 虚拟ip地址(VIP,一个尚未占用的内网ip即可) 192.168.0.180 } } EOF
- slave cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { #一个没重复的名字即可 router_id xxoo_slave } # 检测nginx是否运行 vrrp_script chk_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh" interval 2 weight -20} vrrp_instance VI_1 { # 此处不设置为MASTER,通过priority来竞争master state BACKUP # 网卡名字,文章下方会给出如何获取网卡名字的方法 interface enp0s3 # 同一个keepalived集群的virtual_router_id相同 virtual_router_id 51 # 权重,master要大于slave priority 90 # 主备通讯时间间隔 advert_int 1 # 如果两节点的上联交换机禁用了组播,则采用vrrp单播通告的方式 # 本机ip unicast_src_ip 192.168.0.189 unicast_peer { # 其他机器ip 192.168.0.182 } # 设置nopreempt防止抢占资源 nopreempt # 主备保持一致 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } # 与上方nginx运行状况检测呼应 track_script { chk_nginx } virtual_ipaddress { # 虚拟ip地址(VIP,一个尚未占用的内网ip即可) 192.168.0.180 } } EOF
5、启编写Nginx 状态检测脚本
编写 Nginx 状态检测脚本 /etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh (已在 keepalived.conf 中配置)脚本要求:如果 nginx 停止运行,
尝试启动,如果无法启动则杀死本机的 keepalived 进程, keepalied将虚拟 ip 绑定到 BACKUP 机器上。 内容如下:
代码语言:javascript复制cat > /etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh << EOF
#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l`
if [ $A -eq 0 ];
then
systemctl start nginx
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #尝试重新启动nginx
sleep 2 #睡眠2秒
if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l` -eq 0 ];
then
killall keepalived
fi
fi
保存后,给脚本赋执行权限:
代码语言:javascript复制# chmod x /etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh
代码语言:javascript复制每5秒执行一次脚本
crontab -e
* * * * * /etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log
* * * * * sleep 5;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 10;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 15;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 20;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 25;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 30;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 35;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 40;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 45;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log * * * * * sleep 50;/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log
* * * * * sleep 55; /etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh >>/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.log
systemctl reload crond
systemctl restart crond
6、启动keepalived
代码语言:javascript复制systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable keepalived
7、日志处理
代码语言:javascript复制1.编辑配置文件/etc/sysconfig/keepalived,将第14行的KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D"修改为KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D -d -S 0"
# 说明:
# --dump-conf -d 导出配置数据
# --log-detail -D 详细日志信息
# --log-facility -S 设置本地的syslog设备,编号0-7# -S 0 表示指定为local0设备
2.修改rsyslog的配置文件 vi /etc/rsyslog.conf,在结尾加入如下2行内容,将local0设备的所有日志都记录到/var/log/keepalived.log文件
echo "local0.* /var/log/keepalived.log" >> /etc/rsyslog.conf
在42行第一列尾加入";local0.none",表示来自local0设备的所有日志信息不再记录于/var/log/messages里
3.重启rsyslog服务
systemctl restart rsyslog
4.测试keepalived日志记录结果。重启keepalived服务,查看日志信息。
tail -f /var/log/keepalived.log
systemctl start keepalived.service
配置日志轮转
/var/log/keepalived/*.log { #切分的两个文件名
daily #按天切分
rotate 7 #保留7份
create 0644 haproxy haproxy #创建新文件的权限、用户、用户组
compress #压缩旧日志
delaycompress #延迟一天压缩
missingok #忽略文件不存在的错误
dateext #旧日志加上日志后缀
sharedscripts #切分后的重启脚本只运行一次
postrotate #切分后运行脚本重载rsyslog,让rsyslog向新的日志文件中输出日志
/bin/kill -HUP $(/bin/cat /var/run/syslogd.pid 2>/dev/null) &>/dev/null
endscript
}
防止出现脑裂现象(主备同时获取了VIP地址)
代码语言:javascript复制# 指定keepalived配置的网卡:enp0s3,固定的VRRP广播地址:224.0.0.18
firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --add-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 --in-interface ens192 --destination 224.0.0.18 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --add-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 --out-interface ens192 --destination 224.0.0.18 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --reload
# 查看配置的规则
firewall-cmd --direct --get-rules ipv4 filter INPUT
firewall-cmd --direct --get-rules ipv4 filter OUTPUT
# 清除规则
firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --remove-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 --in-interface ens192 --destination 224.0.0.18 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --remove-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 --out-interface ens192 --destination 224.0.0.18 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT
五、测试
1、在两台服务器上测试
- master $ curl localhost this is master root@centos7[14:46:07]:~ $ curl 192.168.86.135 this is master root@centos7[15:03:29]:~
- slave $ curl localhost this is slave root@centos7[15:03:59]:/etc/keepalived $ curl 192.168.86.136 this is master
2、关闭master的keepalived模仿down机
- master关闭keepalived $ systemctl stop keepalived
- 在slave上面进行测试
$ curl localhost
this is slave
root@centos7[15:10:29]:/etc/keepalived
$ curl 192.168.86.136
this is slave
到此keepalived完成
4.NetworkManager-nmcli管理网络
nmcli general status #显示NetworkManager的整体状态 nmcli connection show #显示所有的连接 nmcli connection show -a #显示活动的连接 nmcli device status #显示NetworkManager识别的设备列表和它们当前的状态 nmcli device disconnect/connect eno16777736 #停止/启动网卡==ifup/down
4、关闭NetworkManager服务
#停止服务
service NetworkManager stop
#禁用服务,下次不自动启动 chkconfig NetworkManager off
问题处理:
【keepalived】关于keepalived配置中的 mcast_src_ip 和 unicast_src_ip
https://blog.csdn.net/mofiu/article/details/76644012
keepalived 配置文件参数详解
找到你要虚拟的网卡对应的域,并且开启vrrp协议即可,命令为
代码语言:javascript复制sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-protocol=vrrp --permanent
#重载配置
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
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