先上图
再上视频：
最后上代码：
代码语言：javascript复制import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
cmap = [
'#2E91E5',
'#1CA71C',
'#DA16FF',
'#B68100',
'#EB663B',
'#00A08B',
'#FC0080',
'#6C7C32',
'#862A16',
'#620042',
'#DA60CA',
'#0D2A63']*100
mpl.rcParams['animation.writer'] = 'html'
def line_chart_race(df,filename=None,title = "",figsize = (6.5,3.5),dpi = 144,duration = 0.5):
assert "date" in df.columns, "df should with a column date!"
assert filename is None or filename.endswith(".html"), "filename should like *.html!"
fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize,dpi=dpi)
ax.set_facecolor("0.9")
# 调整spines
ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False)
ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False)
ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False)
ax.spines["bottom"].set_visible(False)
def plot_frame(date):
dfdata = df.loc[df["date"]<=date,:]
dfdata.index = dfdata["date"]
idx = range(len(dfdata))
ax.clear()
cols = [name for name in dfdata.columns if name!="date"]
for i,col in enumerate(cols):
ax.plot(idx,dfdata[col],color = cmap[i],lw = 4)
px,py = idx[-1],dfdata[col].iloc[-1]
ax.scatter(px,py,color = cmap[i],edgecolor = "black",
s = 200,lw = 2.5,zorder = 4)
ax.annotate(col ":n" str(py),xy = (px,py), xycoords = "data",
xytext = (10,2),fontweight = "bold",color = cmap[i], textcoords = "offset points")
# 调整绘图范围
xlim = (0,len(df))
ax.set_xlim(xmin = xlim[0]-(xlim[1]-xlim[0])/10,xmax = xlim[1] (xlim[1]-xlim[0])/10)
values = df[[x for x in df.columns if x!="date"]].values
ylim = (values.min(),values.max())
ax.set_ylim(ymin = ylim[0]-(ylim[1]-ylim[0])/10,ymax = ylim[1] (ylim[1]-ylim[0])/10)
# 设置xticks
n = len(df)
ticks_num = 12
delta = int(np.ceil(n/ticks_num))
ticks = list(range(0,n,delta))
dates = df["date"].tolist()
ticklabels =[dates[i] for i in ticks]
ax.set_xticks(ticks)
ax.set_xticklabels(ticklabels)
ax.tick_params(bottom = False,left = False,labelsize = 8,direction = "in",length = 2)
# 添加辅助元素
s = dfdata["date"].iloc[-1]
ax.text(0.5, 0.5, s, va="center", ha="center",alpha=0.3, size = 50,transform = ax.transAxes)
ax.grid(axis = "x",color="white",lw=1,ls = "-")
ax.set_title(title,color = "black",fontsize = 12)
line_animation = animation.FuncAnimation(fig,plot_frame,frames = df["date"],interval = int(duration*1000))
if filename is None:
try:
from IPython.display import HTML
return HTML(line_animation.to_jshtml())
except ImportError:
pass
else:
line_animation.save(filename)
return filename
dfdata = pd.read_csv('Pop_data.csv')
dfdata = dfdata.rename({"year":"date"},axis = 1)
for col in dfdata.columns:
if col!="date":
dfdata.loc[:,col] = np.round(dfdata.loc[:,col]/1e8,4)
dfdata.set_index(dfdata["date"])
html_file = "population_race.html"
html = line_chart_race(dfdata,html_file,title="Population Line Race")
html
主要思路是设计plot_frame绘图函数绘制逐桢图片，然后用matplotlib.animation构建动画，如果有需要，还可以导出成gif和mp4。
