Spark RDD / Dataset 相关操作及对比汇总笔记

map(func)

返回一个新的分布式数据集，将数据源的每一个元素传递给函数 func映射组成。Return a new distributed dataset formed by passing each element of the source through a function func.

filter(func)

返回一个新的数据集，从数据源中选中一些元素通过函数 func 返回 true。Return a new dataset formed by selecting those elements of the source on which funcreturns true.

flatMap(func)

类似于 map，但是每个输入项能被映射成多个输出项(所以 func 必须返回一个 Seq，而不是单个 item)。Similar to map, but each input item can be mapped to 0 or more output items (so func should return a Seq rather than a single item).

mapPartitions(func)

类似于 map，但是分别运行在 RDD 的每个分区上，所以 func 的类型必须是 Iterator => Iterator 当运行在类型为 T 的 RDD 上。Similar to map, but runs separately on each partition (block) of the RDD, so func must be of type Iterator => Iterator when running on an RDD of type T.

mapPartitionsWithIndex(func)

类似于 mapPartitions，但是 func 需要提供一个 integer 值描述索引(index)，所以 func 的类型必须是 (Int, Iterator) => Iterator 当运行在类型为 T 的 RDD 上。Similar to mapPartitions, but also provides func with an integer value representing the index of the partition, so func must be of type (Int, Iterator) => Iterator when running on an RDD of type T.

sample(withReplacement, fraction, seed)

对数据进行采样。sample(withReplacement,fraction,seed)是根据给定的随机种子seed，随机抽样出数量为frac的数据。withReplacement：是否放回样；fraction：比例，0.1表示10% ；Sample a fraction fraction of the data, with or without replacement, using a given random number generator seed.

union(otherDataset)

union(otherDataset)是数据合并，返回一个新的数据集，由原数据集和otherDataset联合而成。Return a new dataset that contains the union of the elements in the source dataset and the argument.

intersection(otherDataset)

intersection(otherDataset)是数据交集，返回一个新的数据集，包含两个数据集的交集数据；Return a new RDD that contains the intersection of elements in the source dataset and the argument.

distinct(numPartitions))

distinct(numTasks))是数据去重，返回一个数据集，是对两个数据集去除重复数据，numTasks参数是设置任务并行数量。Return a new dataset that contains the distinct elements of the source dataset.

groupByKey(numPartitions)

groupByKey(numTasks)是数据分组操作，在一个由（K,V）对组成的数据集上调用，返回一个（K,SeqV)对的数据集。When called on a dataset of (K, V) pairs, returns a dataset of (K, Iterable) pairs. Note: If you are grouping in order to perform an aggregation (such as a sum or average) over each key, using reduceByKey or aggregateByKey will yield much better performance. Note: By default, the level of parallelism in the output depends on the number of partitions of the parent RDD. You can pass an optional numPartitions argument to set a different number of tasks.

reduceByKey(func, numPartitions)

reduceByKey(func, numTasks)是数据分组聚合操作，在一个（K,V)对的数据集上使用，返回一个（K,V）对的数据集，key相同的值，都被使用指定的reduce函数聚合到一起。When called on a dataset of (K, V) pairs, returns a dataset of (K, V) pairs where the values for each key are aggregated using the given reduce function func, which must be of type (V,V) => V. Like in groupByKey, the number of reduce tasks is configurable through an optional second argument.

aggregateByKey(zeroValue)(seqOp, combOp, numPartitions)

aggreateByKey(zeroValue: U)(seqOp: (U, T)=> U, combOp: (U, U) =>U) 和reduceByKey的不同在于，reduceByKey输入输出都是(K, V)，而aggreateByKey输出是(K,U)，可以不同于输入(K, V) ，aggreateByKey的三个参数：zeroValue: U，初始值，比如空列表{} ；seqOp: (U,T)=> U，seq操作符，描述如何将T合并入U，比如如何将item合并到列表 ；combOp: (U,U) =>U，comb操作符，描述如果合并两个U，比如合并两个列表 ；所以aggreateByKey可以看成更高抽象的，更灵活的reduce或group 。When called on a dataset of (K, V) pairs, returns a dataset of (K, U) pairs where the values for each key are aggregated using the given combine functions and a neutral “zero” value. Allows an aggregated value type that is different than the input value type, while avoiding unnecessary allocations. Like in groupByKey, the number of reduce tasks is configurable through an optional second argument.

sortByKey(ascending, numPartitions)

sortByKey(ascending,numTasks)是排序操作，对(K,V)类型的数据按照K进行排序，其中K需要实现Ordered方法。When called on a dataset of (K, V) pairs where K implements Ordered, returns a dataset of (K, V) pairs sorted by keys in ascending or descending order, as specified in the boolean ascending argument.

join(otherDataset, numPartitions)

join(otherDataset, numTasks)是连接操作，将输入数据集(K,V)和另外一个数据集(K,W)进行Join， 得到(K, (V,W))；该操作是对于相同K的V和W集合进行笛卡尔积 操作，也即V和W的所有组合；When called on datasets of type (K, V) and (K, W), returns a dataset of (K, (V, W)) pairs with all pairs of elements for each key. Outer joins are supported through leftOuterJoin, rightOuterJoin, and fullOuterJoin.

cogroup(otherDataset, numPartitions)

cogroup(otherDataset, numTasks)是将输入数据集(K, V)和另外一个数据集(K, W)进行cogroup，得到一个格式为(K, SeqV, SeqW)的数据集。When called on datasets of type (K, V) and (K, W), returns a dataset of (K, (Iterable, Iterable)) tuples. This operation is also called groupWith.

cartesian(otherDataset)

cartesian(otherDataset)是做笛卡尔积：对于数据集T和U 进行笛卡尔积操作， 得到(T, U)格式的数据集。When called on datasets of types T and U, returns a dataset of (T, U) pairs (all pairs of elements).

pipe(command, envVars)

把每个分区输出到stdin，然后执行命令，最后读回stdout，以每行为元素，生成新的RDD。注意这里执行命令的单位是分区，不是元素。Pipe each partition of the RDD through a shell command, e.g. a Perl or bash script. RDD elements are written to the process’s stdin and lines output to its stdout are returned as an RDD of strings.

coalesce(numPartitions)

将RDD的分区数量减少到numPartitions个，在对一个大数据集进行filter操作之后，调用一下减少分区数量可以提高效率。Decrease the number of partitions in the RDD to numPartitions. Useful for running operations more efficiently after filtering down a large dataset.

repartition(numPartitions)

随机打乱RDD内全部分区的数据，并且平衡一下。Reshuffle the data in the RDD randomly to create either more or fewer partitions and balance it across them. This always shuffles all data over the network.

repartitionAndSortWithinPartitions(partitioner)

repartitionAndSortWithinPartitions函数是repartition函数的变种，与repartition函数不同的是，repartitionAndSortWithinPartitions在给定的partitioner内部进行排序，性能比repartition要高。 Repartition the RDD according to the given partitioner and, within each resulting partition, sort records by their keys. This is more efficient than calling repartition and then sorting within each partition because it can push the sorting down into the shuffle machinery.

reduce(func)

reduce(func)是对数据集的所有元素执行聚集(func)函数，该函数必须是可交换的。Aggregate the elements of the dataset using a function func (which takes two arguments and returns one). The function should be commutative and associative so that it can be computed correctly in parallel.

collect()

collect相当于toArray，toArray已经过时不推荐使用，collect将分布式的RDD返回为一个单机的scala Array数组。在这个数组上运用scala的函数式操作。Return all the elements of the dataset as an array at the driver program. This is usually useful after a filter or other operation that returns a sufficiently small subset of the data.

count()

返回数据集中元素的个数。Return the number of elements in the dataset.

first()

返回数据集中的第一个元素， 类似于take(1)。Return the first element of the dataset (similar to take(1)).

take(n)

Take(n)返回一个包含数据集中前n个元素的数组， 当前该操作不能并行。Return an array with the first n elements of the dataset.

takeSample(withReplacement, num, seed)

akeSample(withReplacement,num, seed)返回包含随机的num个元素的数组，和Sample不同，takeSample 是行动操作，所以返回的是数组而不是RDD ， 其中第一个参数withReplacement是抽样时是否放回，第二个参数num会精确指定抽样数，而不是比例。Return an array with a random sample of num elements of the dataset, with or without replacement, optionally pre-specifying a random number generator seed.

takeOrdered(n, ordering)

takeOrdered(n， ordering)是返回包含随机的n个元素的数组，按照顺序输出。Return the first n elements of the RDD using either their natural order or a custom comparator.

saveAsTextFile(path)

把数据集中的元素写到一个文本文件，Spark会对每个元素调用toString方法来把每个元素存成文本文件的一行。存储到HDFS的指定目录。Write the elements of the dataset as a text file (or set of text files) in a given directory in the local filesystem, HDFS or any other Hadoop-supported file system. Spark will call toString on each element to convert it to a line of text in the file.

saveAsSequenceFile(path) (Java and Scala)

支持Java和Scala)，将所有元素写入一个 Hadoop SequenceFile， 支持 本地文件系统 、HDFS 和 Hadoop支持的任何文件系统。只有实现 HadoopWritable 接口的键值对类型的RDD支持此操作。在Scala里, 可以隐式转换到Writable的类型也支持这个操作， (Spark对基本类型Int, Double, String等都写好了隐式转换)。Write the elements of the dataset as a Hadoop SequenceFile in a given path in the local filesystem, HDFS or any other Hadoop-supported file system. This is available on RDDs of key-value pairs that implement Hadoop’s Writable interface. In Scala, it is also available on types that are implicitly convertible to Writable (Spark includes conversions for basic types like Int, Double, String, etc).

saveAsObjectFile(path) (Java and Scala)

saveAsObjectFile将分区中的每10个元素组成一个Array，然后将这个Array序列化，映射为（Null，BytesWritable（Y））的元素，写入HDFS为SequenceFile的格式。Write the elements of the dataset in a simple format using Java serialization, which can then be loaded usingSparkContext.objectFile().

countByKey()

对于(K, V)类型的RDD. 返回一个(K, Int)的map， Int为K的个数。Only available on RDDs of type (K, V). Returns a hashmap of (K, Int) pairs with the count of each key.

foreach(func)

foreach(func)是对数据集中的每个元素都执行func函数。不返回RDD和Array，而是返回Uint。Run a function func on each element of the dataset. This is usually done for side effects such as updating an Accumulator or interacting with external storage systems. Note: modifying variables other than Accumulators outside of the foreach() may result in undefined behavior. See Understanding closures for more details.

reduceBykey(func)

合并具有相同键的值 Merge the values for each key using an associative and commutative reduce function. This will also perform the merging locally on each mapper before sending results to a reducer, similarly to a “combiner” in MapReduce.

RDD> groupByKey(Partitioner partitioner)

对具有相同键的值进行分组Group the values for each key in the RDD into a single sequence. Allows controlling the partitioning of the resulting key-value pair RDD by passing a Partitioner. The ordering of elements within each group is not guaranteed, and may even differ each time the resulting RDD is evaluated.

RDD> combineByKey(scala.Function1 createCombiner,scala.Function2 mergeValue, scala.Function2 mergeCombiners,int numPartitions)

使用不同的的返回类型合并具有相同键的值 Simplified version of combineByKeyWithClassTag that hash-partitions the resulting RDD using the existing partitioner/parallelism level. This method is here for backward compatibility. It does not provide combiner classtag information to the shuffle.

RDD> mapValues(scala.Function1 f)

对pair RDD中的每个值应用一个函数而不改变键 Pass each value in the key-value pair RDD through a map function without changing the keys; this also retains the original RDD’s partitioning.

RDD> flatMapValues (scala.Function1> f)

对pair RDD中的每个值应用一个返回迭代器的函数， 然后对返回的每个元素都生成一个对应原键的键值对记录。 通常用于符号化。Pass each value in the key-value pair RDD through a flatMap function without changing the keys; this also retains the original RDD’s partitioning.

keys()

返回一个仅包含键的RDD

values()

返回一个仅包含值的RDD

sortByKey()

返回一个根据键排序的RDD

subtractByKey

删掉RDD中键与other RDD中的键相同的元素

join

对两个RDD进行内连接

rightOuterJoin

对两个RDD进行连接操作，确保第一个RDD的键必须存在（右外连接）

leftOuterJoin

对两个RDD进行连接操作，确保第二个RDD的键必须存在（左外连接）

cogroup

将两个RDD中拥有相同键的数据分组到一起

countByKey()

对每个键对应的元素分别计数

collectAsMap()

将结果以映射表的形式返回，以便查询

lookup(key)

返回给定键对应的所有值