OpenCV 查找轮廓

2021-06-22 19:31:39 浏览数 (1)

本文将结合实例代码,介绍 OpenCV 如何查找轮廓、获取边界框。

  • 代码: contours.py[1]

OpenCV 提供了 findContours[2] 函数查找轮廓,需要以二值化图像作为输入、并指定些选项调用即可。

我们以下图作为示例:

二值化图像

代码工程 data/ 提供了小狗和红球的二值化掩膜图像:

其使用预训练好的实例分割模型来生成的,脚本可见 detectron2_seg_threshold.py[3]。模型检出结果,如下:

模型用的 Mask R-CNN 已有预测边框。但其他模型会有只出预测掩膜的,此时想要边框就可以使用 OpenCV 来提取。

本文代码也提供了根据色域来获取红球掩膜的办法:

代码语言:javascript复制
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

# 读取图像
img = cv.imread(args.image, cv.IMREAD_COLOR)

# HSV 阈值,获取掩膜
def _threshold_hsv(image, lower, upper):
  hsv = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
  mask = cv.inRange(hsv, lower, upper)
  result = cv.bitwise_and(image, image, mask=mask)
  return result, mask

_, thres = _threshold_hsv(img, np.array([0,110,190]), np.array([7,255,255]))

# 清除小点(可选)
kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3), (1, 1))
thres = cv.morphologyEx(thres, cv.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

查找轮廓

代码语言:javascript复制
# 查找轮廓
#  cv.RETR_EXTERNAL: 只查找外部轮廓
contours, hierarchy = cv.findContours(
  threshold, cv.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

# 近似轮廓,减点(可选)
contours_poly = [cv.approxPolyDP(c, 3, True) for c in contours]

# 绘制轮廓
h, w = threshold.shape[:2]
drawing = np.zeros((h, w, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
for i in range(len(contours)):
  cv.drawContours(drawing, contours_poly, i, (0, 255, 0), 1, cv.LINE_8, hierarchy)

获取边界框

boundingRect 获取边界框,并绘制:

代码语言:javascript复制
for contour in contours_poly:
  rect = cv.boundingRect(contour)
  cv.rectangle(drawing,
                (int(rect[0]), int(rect[1])),
                (int(rect[0] rect[2]), int(rect[1] rect[3])),
                (0, 255, 0), 2, cv.LINE_8)

minEnclosingCircle 获取边界圈,并绘制:

代码语言:javascript复制
for contour in contours_poly:
  center, radius = cv.minEnclosingCircle(contour)
  cv.circle(drawing, (int(center[0]), int(center[1])), int(radius),
            (0, 255, 0), 2, cv.LINE_8)

参考

  • OpenCV Tutorials / Image Processing[4]

脚注

[1]

contours.py: https://github.com/ikuokuo/start-opencv/blob/master/src/python/processing/contours.py

[2]

findContours: https://docs.opencv.org/master/d3/dc0/group__imgproc__shape.html#gadf1ad6a0b82947fa1fe3c3d497f260e0

[3]

detectron2_seg_threshold.py: https://github.com/ikuokuo/start-opencv/blob/master/scripts/detectron2_seg_threshold.py

[4]

OpenCV Tutorials / Image Processing: https://docs.opencv.org/master/d7/da8/tutorial_table_of_content_imgproc.html

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