Android OpenCV(三十九):模板匹配

2021-07-07 19:11:45 浏览数 (1)

什么是模板匹配?

模板匹配是一种用于在较大图像中搜索和查找模板图像位置的方法。OpenCV提供matchTemplate()方法来实现模板匹配功能。模板匹配结果返回的是灰度图像,其中每个像素表示该像素的邻域与模板匹配程度。假设输入图像的大小(W * H),模板图像的大小为(w * h),则输出图像的大小将为(W - w 1,H - h 1)。获得结果后,可以使用minMaxLoc()方法查找最大/最小值位置,并将其作为矩形的左上角,以(w,h)作为矩形的宽度和高度来确定模板匹配到的区域。

模板匹配原理

在要检测的图像上,从左到右,从上到下遍历这一幅图像,从上到下计算模板与重叠子图像的像素匹配度,如果匹配的程度越大,这说明相同的可能性越大。只是这个匹配度的计算有讲究。

模板匹配原理

API

代码语言:javascript复制
public static void matchTemplate(Mat image, Mat templ, Mat result, int method, Mat mask) 

参数一:image,待匹配图像。必须是8位或者32位浮点图像。

参数二:templ,模板图像,类型与输入图像一致,并且大小不能大于源图像。

参数三:result,输出结果,必须是单通道32位浮点数,假设源图像W*H,模板图像w*h, 则结果必须为(W-w 1)*(H-h 1)的大小。

参数四:method,匹配方式标志位。若为TM_SQDIFF或者TM_SQDIFF_NORMED,计算值越小,匹配度越高,剩下的几个标志位,计算值越大,匹配度越高。

代码语言:javascript复制
// C  : enum TemplateMatchModes
public static final int
        TM_SQDIFF = 0,
        TM_SQDIFF_NORMED = 1,
        TM_CCORR = 2,
        TM_CCORR_NORMED = 3,
        TM_CCOEFF = 4,
        TM_CCOEFF_NORMED = 5;

参数五:mask,可选掩码。必须和templ参数大小相同,要么和templ通道数相同,要么单通道。如果数据类型为#CV_8U,则将掩码解释为二进制掩码,表示仅使用掩码为非零的元素,并且权重与实际掩码值无关(一直等于1)。若数据类型为#CV_32F,掩码值将作为权重参与计算。

标记位

R(x,y)为结果矩阵, T(x^,,y^, )为模板矩阵, I(x,y)为源图像矩阵

TM_SQDIFF

R(x,y)= sum _{x',y'} (T(x',y')-I(x x',y y'))^2

with mask:

R(x,y)= sum _{x',y'} left( (T(x',y')-I(x x',y y')) cdot M(x',y') right)^2

TM_SQDIFF_NORMED

R(x,y)= frac{sum_{x',y'} (T(x',y')-I(x x',y y'))^2}{sqrt{sum_{ x',y'}T(x',y')^2 cdot sum_{x',y'} I(x x',y y')^2}}

with mask:

R(x,y)= frac{sum _{x',y'} left( (T(x',y')-I(x x',y y')) cdot M(x',y') right)^2}{sqrt{sum_{x',y'} left( T(x',y') cdot M(x',y') right)^2 cdot sum_{x',y'} left( I(x x',y y') cdot M(x',y') right)^2}}

TM_CCORR

R(x,y)= sum _{x',y'} (T(x',y') cdot I(x x',y y'))

with mask:

R(x,y)= sum _{x',y'} (T(x',y') cdot I(x x',y y') cdot M(x',y') ^2)

TM_CCORR_NORMED

R(x,y)= frac{sum_{x',y'} (T(x',y') cdot I(x x',y y'))}{sqrt{ sum_{x',y'}T(x',y')^2 cdot sum_{x',y'} I(x x',y y')^2}}

with mask:

R(x,y)= frac{sum_{x',y'} (T(x',y') cdot I(x x',y y') cdot M(x',y')^2)}{sqrt{sum_{x',y'} left( T(x',y') cdot M(x',y') right)^2 cdot sum_{x',y'} left( I(x x',y y') cdot M(x',y') right)^2}}

TM_CCOEFF

R(x,y)= sum _{x',y'} (T'(x',y') cdot I'(x x',y y'))

where

begin{array}{l} T'(x',y')=T(x',y') - 1/(w cdot h) cdot sum _{ x'',y''} T(x'',y'') \ I'(x x',y y')=I(x x',y y') - 1/(w cdot h) cdot sum _{x'',y''} I(x x'',y y'') end{array}

with mask:

begin{array}{l} T'(x',y')=M(x',y') cdot left( T(x',y') - frac{1}{sum _{x'',y''} M(x'',y'')} cdot sum _{x'',y''} (T(x'',y'') cdot M(x'',y'')) right) \ I'(x x',y y')=M(x',y') cdot left( I(x x',y y') - frac{1}{sum _{x'',y''} M(x'',y'')} cdot sum _{x'',y''} (I(x x'',y y'') cdot M(x'',y'')) right) end{array}

TM_CCOEFF_NORMED

R(x,y)= frac{ sum_{x',y'} (T'(x',y') cdot I'(x x',y y')) }{ sqrt{sum_{x',y'}T'(x',y')^2 cdot sum_{x',y'} I'(x x',y y')^2} }

操作

代码语言:javascript复制
/**
 * 模板匹配
 * author: yidong
 * 2020/10/23
 */
class MatchTemplateActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private lateinit var mBinding: ActivityMatchTemplateBinding
    private lateinit var mRgb: Mat
    private lateinit var mTemplate: Mat
    private var method = Imgproc.TM_SQDIFF
        set(value) {
            field = value
            doMatch(field)
        }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        mBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_match_template)
        title = "TM_SQDIFF"
        val bgr = Utils.loadResource(this, R.drawable.kobe)
        mRgb = Mat()
        mTemplate = Mat()
        Imgproc.cvtColor(bgr, mRgb, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
        val templateBgr = Utils.loadResource(this, R.drawable.kobe_template)
        Imgproc.cvtColor(templateBgr, mTemplate, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
        mBinding.ivLena.showMat(mTemplate)
        doMatch(Imgproc.TM_CCOEFF)
    }

    private fun doMatch(method: Int) {
        val tmp = mRgb.clone()
        val result = Mat()
        Imgproc.matchTemplate(mRgb, mTemplate, result, method)
        val minMaxLoc = Core.minMaxLoc(result)
        val topLeft = if (method == Imgproc.TM_SQDIFF || method == Imgproc.TM_SQDIFF_NORMED) {
            minMaxLoc.minLoc;
        } else {
            minMaxLoc.maxLoc;
        }
        val rect = Rect(topLeft, Size(mTemplate.cols().toDouble(), mTemplate.rows().toDouble()))
        Imgproc.rectangle(tmp, rect, Scalar(255.0, 0.0, 0.0), 4, Imgproc.LINE_8)
        mBinding.ivResult.showMat(mRgb)
        tmp.release()
    }

    override fun onCreateOptionsMenu(menu: Menu?): Boolean {
        menuInflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_match_template, menu)
        return true
    }

    override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem): Boolean {
        when (item.itemId) {
            R.id.match_tm_sqdiff -> {
                method = Imgproc.TM_SQDIFF
                title = "TM_SQDIFF"
            }
            R.id.match_tm_sqdiff_normed -> {
                method = Imgproc.TM_SQDIFF_NORMED
                title = "TM_SQDIFF_NORMED"
            }
            R.id.match_tm_ccoeff -> {
                method = Imgproc.TM_CCOEFF
                title = "TM_CCOEFF"
            }

            R.id.match_tm_ccoeff_normed -> {
                method = Imgproc.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED
                title = "TM_CCOEFF_NORMED"
            }
            R.id.match_tm_ccorr -> {
                method = Imgproc.TM_CCORR
                title = "TM_CCORR"
            }
            R.id.match_tm_ccorr_normed -> {
                method = Imgproc.TM_CCORR_NORMED
                title = "TM_CCORR_NORMED"
            }
        }
        return true
    }

    override fun onDestroy() {
        mTemplate.release()
        mRgb.release()
        super.onDestroy()
    }
}

结果

模板匹配结果

源码

https://github.com/onlyloveyd/LearningAndroidOpenCV

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