前言
sqlx 是 Go 语言中一个流行的操作数据库的第三方包，它提供了对 Go 标准库 database/sql 的扩展，简化了操作数据库的步骤，并且拥有很大的数据库交互方法，本文使用mysql
sqlx使用
（1）下载sqlx包
使用以下命令下载sqlx
代码语言：javascript复制arduino 代码解读复制代码 go get github.com/jmoiron/sqlx安装数据库驱动依赖
代码语言：javascript复制go 代码解读复制代码go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql （2）引入驱动
代码语言：javascript复制arduino 代码解读复制代码_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"（3）连接数据库说明
其连接数据库使用
代码语言：javascript复制ini 代码解读复制代码user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True其中user为数据库用户，password为数据库密码
（4）连接数据库代操作
代码语言：javascript复制go 代码解读复制代码
package main
import (
"fmt"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)
var db *sqlx.DB
func main() {
mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
return
}
db = mysqlDb
}（5）插入数据
创建数据库表位student
代码语言：javascript复制sql 代码解读复制代码
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`mobile` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`user_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1690290594064429066 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;插入数据代码为:
代码语言：javascript复制go 代码解读复制代码package main
import (
"fmt"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)
var db *sqlx.DB
func main() {
mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
return
}
db = mysqlDb
r, err1 := db.Exec("insert into user(mobile, password, sex, user_name)values(?, ?, ?, ?)", "aaa", "123456", 1, "aaa")
if err1 != nil {
fmt.Println("数据插入异常, ", err1)
return
}
id, err2 := r.LastInsertId()
if err2 != nil {
fmt.Println("获取id异常:, ", err2)
return
}
fmt.Println("id为:", id)
}(6)查询数据
代码语言：javascript复制go 代码解读复制代码package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)
type User struct {
Id int64 `db:"id"`
Name string `db:"user_name"`
Sex int `db:"sex"`
Mobile string `db:"mobile"`
Password sql.NullString `db:"password"`
}
var db *sqlx.DB
func main() {
mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
return
}
db = mysqlDb
var user []User
err1 := db.Select(&user, "select id, user_name, sex, mobile, password from user where id=?", 1690290594064429065)
if err1 != nil {
fmt.Println("查询异常, ", err1)
return
}
fmt.Println("查询数据为:", user)
}之所以password使用类型sql.NullString，是因为如果列为null的话，会报错，所以其会返回
image.png遍历false去判断
（7）更新数据
代码语言：javascript复制go 代码解读复制代码package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)
type User struct {
Id int64 `db:"id"`
Name string `db:"user_name"`
Sex int `db:"sex"`
Mobile string `db:"mobile"`
Password sql.NullString `db:"password"`
}
var db *sqlx.DB
func main() {
mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
return
}
db = mysqlDb
res, err := db.Exec("update user set user_name=? where id=?", "hello11", 1690290594064429065)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("更新失败:", err)
return
}
row, err1 := res.RowsAffected()
if err1 != nil {
fmt.Println("获取失败, ", err1)
return
}
fmt.Println("更新成功行数:", row)
}(8)删除数据
代码语言：javascript复制go 代码解读复制代码package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)
type User struct {
Id int64 `db:"id"`
Name string `db:"user_name"`
Sex int `db:"sex"`
Mobile string `db:"mobile"`
Password sql.NullString `db:"password"`
}
var db *sqlx.DB
func main() {
mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
return
}
db = mysqlDb
res, err := db.Exec("delete from user where id=?", 1690290594064429065)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("删除失败, ", err)
return
}
row, err := res.RowsAffected()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("删除行数为:", err)
return
}
fmt.Println("删除行数为: ", row)
}总结
go有很多优秀的操作数据库组件，都能提高开发效率，至于在开发中怎么选择组件，看个人开发效率和习惯
