使用背景
在日常的工作中，我们经常会通过编辑hosts文件来处理一些自定义域名的解析任务，每次手动的编辑linux或者mac上/etc/hosts和window上的hosts是一项繁琐的任务。但是现在，我们可以通过hostctl[1]来自动化管理本地域名解析文件，这样一来就可以使某些方面自动化，以使其变得更加干净快捷。
在不同的操作系统上hosts文件的路径是不一样：
- Linux和Mac上的路径
/etc/hosts
- window上的路径
C:/Windows/System32/Drivers/etc/hosts
下面我们就开启通过hostctl开启hosts文件内容的自动化管理之路
安装hostctl
代码语言：javascript复制https://github.com/guumaster/hostctl/releases/download/v1.0.14/hostctl_1.0.14_macOS_64-bit.tar.gz
tar xf hostctl_1.0.14_macOS_64-bit.tar.gz
mv hostctl /usr/local/bin/
在终端中执行hostctl的时候，Mac上会提示不受信任，因此需要在安全中心允许执行hostctl
Mac安全中心允许使用不受信任的开发工具
hostctl管理你的hosts
hostctl支持对hosts文件基础修改需求，如备份，从文件恢复，增加域名解析、删除域名解析记录、替换以及从Docker或docker-compose运行的容器中同步解析记录到你的hosts文件，下面就通过几个简单的例子说明hostctl如何管理你的主机解析记录文件
Available Commands:
add Add content to a profile in your hosts file.
backup Creates a backup copy of your hosts file
disable Disable a profile from your hosts file.
enable Enable a profile on your hosts file.
help Help about any command
list Shows a detailed list of profiles on your hosts file.
remove Remove a profile from your hosts file.
replace Replace content to a profile in your hosts file.
restore Restore hosts file content from a backup file.
status Shows a list of profile names and statuses on your hosts file.
sync Sync some system IPs with a profile.
toggle Change status of a profile on your hosts file.
Flags:
-c, --column strings Column names to show on lists. comma separated
-h, --help help for hostctl
--host-file string Hosts file path (default "/etc/hosts")
--no-color force colorless output
-o, --out string Output type (table|raw|markdown|json) (default "table")
-q, --quiet Run command without output
--raw Output without borders (same as -o raw)
-v, --version version for hostctl
Use "hostctl [command] --help" for more information about a command.
list查看hosts内容
代码语言：javascript复制☸️ dev? default ? ? hostctl list
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
| PROFILE | STATUS | IP | DOMAIN |
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | localhost |
| default | on | 255.255.255.255 | broadcasthost |
| default | on | ::1 | localhost |
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on | 192.168.10.110 | apiserver.cluster.local |
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
# 同时支持多种格式输出，如markdown,json,table等
Add增加解析记录
代码语言：javascript复制☸️ dev? default ? ? sudo hostctl add domains test admin.com admin.cn.com --ip 1.2.2.3
Password:
[✔] Domains 'admin.com, admin.cn.com' added.
--------- -------- --------- --------------
| PROFILE | STATUS | IP | DOMAIN |
--------- -------- --------- --------------
| test | on | 1.2.2.3 | admin.com |
| test | on | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
--------- -------- --------- --------------
☸️ dev? default ? ? hostctl list
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
| PROFILE | STATUS | IP | DOMAIN |
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | localhost |
| default | on | 255.255.255.255 | broadcasthost |
| default | on | ::1 | localhost |
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on | 192.168.10.110 | apiserver.cluster.local |
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
| test | on | 1.2.2.3 | admin.com |
| test | on | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
# 在/etc/hosts中已存在的profile就是default,上面增加的profile的名字为test
启用和关闭本地域名解析
代码语言：javascript复制☸️ dev? default ? ? sudo hostctl enable test
--------- -------- --------- --------------
| PROFILE | STATUS | IP | DOMAIN |
--------- -------- --------- --------------
| test | on | 1.2.2.3 | admin.com |
| test | on | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
--------- -------- --------- --------------
☸️ dev? default ? ? ping admin.com
PING admin.com (1.2.2.3): 56 data bytes
Request timeout for icmp_seq 0
^C
--- admin.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100.0% packet loss
☸️ dev? default ? ? sudo hostctl disable test
--------- -------- --------- --------------
| PROFILE | STATUS | IP | DOMAIN |
--------- -------- --------- --------------
| test | off | 1.2.2.3 | admin.com |
| test | off | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
--------- -------- --------- --------------
☸️ dev? default ? ? ping admin.com
PING admin.com (13.225.150.119): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 13.225.150.119: icmp_seq=0 ttl=240 time=237.629 ms
^C
--- admin.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 50.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 237.629/237.629/237.629/0.000 ms
移除解析记录
代码语言：javascript复制# 移除指定域名
☸️ dev? default ? ? sudo hostctl remove domains test admin.com
[✔] Domains 'admin.com' removed.
--------- -------- --------- --------------
| PROFILE | STATUS | IP | DOMAIN |
--------- -------- --------- --------------
| test | on | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
--------- -------- --------- --------------
☸️ dev? default ? ? hostctl list
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
| PROFILE | STATUS | IP | DOMAIN |
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | localhost |
| default | on | 255.255.255.255 | broadcasthost |
| default | on | ::1 | localhost |
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on | 127.0.0.1 | kubernetes.docker.internal |
| default | on | 192.168.10.110 | apiserver.cluster.local |
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
| test | on | 1.2.2.3 | admin.cn.com |
--------- -------- ----------------- ----------------------------
# 移除指定profile的所有域名
☸️ dev? default ? ? sudo hostctl remove test
[✔] Profile(s) 'test' removed.
☸️ dev? default ? ? cat /etc/hosts
##
# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting. Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1 localhost
255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 kubernetes.docker.internal
# Added by Docker Desktop
# To allow the same kube context to work on the host and the container:
127.0.0.1 kubernetes.docker.internal
192.168.10.110 apiserver.cluster.local
##################################################################
# Content under this line is handled by hostctl. DO NOT EDIT.
##################################################################
其他命令
代码语言：javascript复制# 备份
hostctl backup -path .
☸️ dev? default ? ? ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 marionxue staff 96 Dec 11 22:27 .
drwxr-xr-x 131 marionxue staff 4192 Dec 11 23:27 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 marionxue staff 609 Dec 11 22:27 hosts.20201211
# 通过文件替换已有的profile
☸️ dev? default ? ? sudo hostctl replace test -f ./hosts
--------- -------- --------- ---------------
| PROFILE | STATUS | IP | DOMAIN |
--------- -------- --------- ---------------
| test | on | 1.1.1.1 | www.baidu.com |
--------- -------- --------- ---------------
sync
hostsctl支持从docker以及docker-compose运行的容器中同步解析，但是kubernetes上暂时还未支持。
参考资料
[1]
hostctl: https://guumaster.github.io/
