【背景】
在使用esrally 1.4.1进行性能测试的过程中发现，如果使用geonames数据集，且ES集群版本是7.x，则测试进行到一半，就会报错，如：
代码语言：shell复制
[ERROR] Cannot race. Error in load generator [0]
("Cannot execute [user-defined context-manager enabled runner for [query]]. Provided parameters are: ['index', 'type', 'cache', 'request-params', 'body']. Error: ['total'].", None)
Getting further help:
*********************
* Check the log files in /root/.rally/logs for errors.
* Read the documentation at https://esrally.readthedocs.io/en/1.4.1/
* Ask a question on the forum at https://discuss.elastic.co/c/elasticsearch/rally
* Raise an issue at https://github.com/elastic/rally/issues and include the log files in /root/.rally/logs.查了很多资料，未找到解决办法。
遂怀疑，可能是esrally版本过老，无法适配ES 7.x。
因此，决定手工安装esrally最新版本。
下面以CentOS 7.4为例进行操作。
【安装】
1，下载
github上官方项目中提供最新版的下载链接：
代码语言：javascript复制https://github.com/elastic/rally/releases/
esrally最新版本下载2，编译与安装
下载后，解压安装：
代码语言：shell复制 tar -zxvf esrally-dist-linux-2.0.2.tar.gz
cd esrally-dist-2.0.2/
./install.sh1）执行 ./install.sh
代码语言：shell复制[root@VM-0-115-centos /opt/esrally-dist-2.0.2]# ./install.sh
Installing Rally 2.0.2...
WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try `pip3 install --user` instead.
Collecting esrally==2.0.2
esrally requires Python '>=3.8,<3.9' but the running Python is 3.6.8报错提示我们，esrally依赖 python 3.8.x 版本，而当前机器是3.6.8，因此，需要我们安装对应版本的python。
python安装教程很多，这里不多讲，命令供参考：
代码语言：shell复制yum install yum-utils
yum-builddep python
curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0.tgz
tar xf Python-3.8.0.tgz
cd Python-3.8.0
./configure
make
make install
# 配置全局命令
rm /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3
# 检查是否安装完成
[root@VM-0-115-centos /usr/bin]# python3
Python 3.8.6 (default, Jan 5 2021, 20:26:42)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
[root@VM-0-115-centos /usr/bin]# 完成python 3.8.6 安装后，重新执行 ./install.sh
代码语言：shell复制[root@VM-0-115-centos /opt]# cd esrally-dist-2.0.2/
[root@VM-0-115-centos /opt/esrally-dist-2.0.2]# ./install.sh
Installing Rally 2.0.2...
Looking in links: file:///opt/esrally-dist-2.0.2/bin
Processing ./bin/esrally-2.0.2-py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/ijson-2.6.1.tar.gz
Processing ./bin/tabulate-0.8.7-py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/elasticsearch-7.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/thespian-3.10.1.zip
Processing ./bin/py-cpuinfo-7.0.0.tar.gz
Processing ./bin/google_auth-1.22.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/psutil-5.7.0.tar.gz
Processing ./bin/boto3-1.10.32-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/Jinja2-2.10.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/certifi-2020.6.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/google_resumable_media-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/yappi-1.2.3.tar.gz
Processing ./bin/jsonschema-3.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/urllib3-1.25.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/yarl-1.6.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
Processing ./bin/aiohttp-3.7.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
Processing ./bin/cachetools-4.1.1-py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/pyasn1_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=40.3.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from google-auth==1.22.1->esrally==2.0.2) (49.2.1)
Processing ./bin/rsa-4.6-py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/botocore-1.13.50-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/jmespath-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/s3transfer-0.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/MarkupSafe-1.1.1.tar.gz
Processing ./bin/google_crc32c-1.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl
Processing ./bin/attrs-20.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/pyrsistent-0.17.3.tar.gz
Processing ./bin/importlib_metadata-2.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/multidict-5.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
Processing ./bin/chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/async_timeout-3.0.1-py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/python_dateutil-2.8.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/docutils-0.15.2-py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/cffi-1.14.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Processing ./bin/zipp-3.4.0-py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./bin/pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for ijson, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for thespian, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for py-cpuinfo, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for psutil, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for yappi, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for MarkupSafe, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for pyrsistent, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: ijson, tabulate, certifi, urllib3, idna, multidict, yarl, attrs, chardet, typing-extensions, async-timeout, aiohttp, elasticsearch, thespian, py-cpuinfo, cachetools, six, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, rsa, google-auth, psutil, python-dateutil, jmespath, docutils, botocore, s3transfer, boto3, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, pycparser, cffi, google-crc32c, google-resumable-media, yappi, pyrsistent, zipp, importlib-metadata, jsonschema, esrally
Running setup.py install for ijson ... done
Running setup.py install for thespian ... done
Running setup.py install for py-cpuinfo ... done
Running setup.py install for psutil ... done
Running setup.py install for MarkupSafe ... done
Running setup.py install for yappi ... done
Running setup.py install for pyrsistent ... done
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10.3 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 aiohttp-3.7.2 async-timeout-3.0.1 attrs-20.2.0 boto3-1.10.32 botocore-1.13.50 cachetools-4.1.1 certifi-2020.6.20 cffi-1.14.3 chardet-3.0.4 docutils-0.15.2 elasticsearch-7.9.1 esrally-2.0.2 google-auth-1.22.1 google-crc32c-1.0.0 google-resumable-media-1.1.0 idna-2.10 ijson-2.6.1 importlib-metadata-2.0.0 jmespath-0.10.0 jsonschema-3.1.1 multidict-5.0.0 psutil-5.7.0 py-cpuinfo-7.0.0 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 pycparser-2.20 pyrsistent-0.17.3 python-dateutil-2.8.1 rsa-4.6 s3transfer-0.2.1 six-1.15.0 tabulate-0.8.7 thespian-3.10.1 typing-extensions-3.7.4.3 urllib3-1.25.11 yappi-1.2.3 yarl-1.6.2 zipp-3.4.0
[root@VM-0-115-centos /opt/esrally-dist-2.0.2]#
[root@VM-0-115-centos /opt/esrally-dist-2.0.2]# 至此，esrally 2.0.2完成安装。
我们可以使用下列命令查看安装是否成功：
代码语言：shell复制[root@VM-0-115-centos /opt/esrally-dist-2.0.2]# esrally --version
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/esrally", line 5, in <module>
from esrally.rally import main
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/esrally/rally.py", line 27, in <module>
from esrally import PROGRAM_NAME, BANNER, FORUM_LINK, SKULL, check_python_version, doc_link, telemetry
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/esrally/telemetry.py", line 25, in <module>
from esrally import metrics, time, exceptions
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/esrally/metrics.py", line 33, in <module>
from esrally import time, exceptions, config, version, paths
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/esrally/config.py", line 27, in <module>
from esrally.utils import io, git, console, convert
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/esrally/utils/io.py", line 18, in <module>
import bz2
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/bz2.py", line 19, in <module>
from _bz2 import BZ2Compressor, BZ2Decompressor
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2'很明显，又报错了。提示缺少 _bz2 之类的python包。
这里可以使用一个巧妙的办法---用python 3.6的包。
代码语言：shell复制[root@VM-0-115-centos /opt/esrally-dist-2.0.2]# find / -name _bz2*
/usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/_bz2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
…
…我们可以将上面这个包，拷贝到python 3.8的对应路径并重命名：
代码语言：shell复制[root@VM-0-115-centos /]# cp /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/_bz2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/local/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload
[root@VM-0-115-centos /]#
[root@VM-0-115-centos /]# cd /usr/local/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload
[root@VM-0-115-centos /usr/local/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload]# mv _bz2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _bz2.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
[root@VM-0-115-centos /usr/local/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload]# ll | grep _bz2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23056 Jan 5 21:01 _bz2.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 这样一来，python3.8就不再缺少_bz2这个包了。
我们继续使用下列命令查看 esrally是否安装完成：
代码语言：shell复制[root@VM-0-115-centos /usr/local/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload]# esrally --version
esrally 2.0.2这里可以看出，命令回显正常，可以开始使用esrally的最新版本进行性能测试了。
【使用】
可参考文章《ElasticSearch压测工具：esrally离线使用详解》
【最终效果】
使用esrally 2.0.2对ElasticSearch 7.5.1集群进行性能测试结果如下：
代码语言：javascript复制时间：
20210105 1912
组网方式：
CVM ---> VPC ---> ES
ES集群配置：
略
数据集：
geonames
启动命令：
esrally race --pipeline=benchmark-only --target-hosts=172.16.0.40:9200 --track=geonames --client-options="basic_auth_user:'elastic',basic_auth_password:'yourpassword'" --challenge=append-no-conflicts --offline
[root@VM-0-72-centos /usr/lib64]# esrally race --pipeline=benchmark-only --target-hosts=172.16.0.40:9200 --track=geonames --client-options="basic_auth_user:'elastic',basic_auth_password:'yourpassword'" --challenge=append-no-conflicts --offline
____ ____
/ __ ____ _/ / /_ __
/ /_/ / __ `/ / / / / /
/ _, _/ /_/ / / / /_/ /
/_/ |_|__,_/_/_/__, /
/____/
[INFO] You did not provide an explicit timeout in the client options. Assuming default of 10 seconds.
[INFO] Racing on track [geonames], challenge [append-no-conflicts] and car ['external'] with version [7.5.1].
[WARNING] merges_total_time is 405627 ms indicating that the cluster is not in a defined clean state. Recorded index time metrics may be misleading.
[WARNING] merges_total_throttled_time is 87629 ms indicating that the cluster is not in a defined clean state. Recorded index time metrics may be misleading.
[WARNING] indexing_total_time is 1062620 ms indicating that the cluster is not in a defined clean state. Recorded index time metrics may be misleading.
[WARNING] refresh_total_time is 74113 ms indicating that the cluster is not in a defined clean state. Recorded index time metrics may be misleading.
[WARNING] flush_total_time is 18703 ms indicating that the cluster is not in a defined clean state. Recorded index time metrics may be misleading.
Running delete-index [100% done]
Running create-index [100% done]
Running check-cluster-health [100% done]
Running index-append [100% done]
Running refresh-after-index [100% done]
Running force-merge [100% done]
Running refresh-after-force-merge [100% done]
Running wait-until-merges-finish [100% done]
Running index-stats [100% done]
Running node-stats [100% done]
Running default [100% done]
Running term [100% done]
Running phrase [100% done]
Running country_agg_uncached [100% done]
Running country_agg_cached [100% done]
Running scroll [100% done]
Running expression [100% done]
Running painless_static [100% done]
Running painless_dynamic [100% done]
Running decay_geo_gauss_function_score [100% done]
Running decay_geo_gauss_script_score [100% done]
Running field_value_function_score [100% done]
Running field_value_script_score [100% done]
Running large_terms [100% done]
Running large_filtered_terms [100% done]
Running large_prohibited_terms [100% done]
Running desc_sort_population [100% done]
Running asc_sort_population [100% done]
Running asc_sort_with_after_population [100% done]
Running desc_sort_geonameid [100% done]
Running desc_sort_with_after_geonameid [100% done]
Running asc_sort_geonameid [100% done]
Running asc_sort_with_after_geonameid [100% done]
------------------------------------------------------
_______ __ _____
/ ____(_)___ ____ _/ / / ___/_________ ________
/ /_ / / __ / __ `/ / __ / ___/ __ / ___/ _
/ __/ / / / / / /_/ / / ___/ / /__/ /_/ / / / __/
/_/ /_/_/ /_/__,_/_/ /____/___/____/_/ ___/
------------------------------------------------------
| Metric | Task | Value | Unit |
|---------------------------------------------------------------:|-------------------------------:|-----------:|--------:|
| Cumulative indexing time of primary shards | | 18.1194 | min |
| Min cumulative indexing time across primary shards | | 0 | min |
| Median cumulative indexing time across primary shards | | 0 | min |
| Max cumulative indexing time across primary shards | | 3.83658 | min |
| Cumulative indexing throttle time of primary shards | | 0 | min |
| Min cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards | | 0 | min |
| Median cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards | | 0 | min |
| Max cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards | | 0 | min |
| Cumulative merge time of primary shards | | 7.03953 | min |
| Cumulative merge count of primary shards | | 612 | |
| Min cumulative merge time across primary shards | | 0 | min |
| Median cumulative merge time across primary shards | | 0 | min |
| Max cumulative merge time across primary shards | | 1.29192 | min |
|
| 50th percentile latency | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 65.8707 | ms |
| 90th percentile latency | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 69.9126 | ms |
| 99th percentile latency | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 79.9802 | ms |
| 100th percentile latency | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 105.06 | ms |
| 50th percentile service time | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 64.7016 | ms |
| 90th percentile service time | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 68.9187 | ms |
| 99th percentile service time | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 77.6204 | ms |
| 100th percentile service time | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 104.128 | ms |
| error rate | asc_sort_with_after_geonameid | 0 | % |
……
……
# 内容较多，略
……
……[WARNING] No throughput metrics available for [index-append]. Likely cause: The benchmark ended already during warmup.
----------------------------------
[INFO] SUCCESS (took 3896 seconds)
----------------------------------
[root@VM-0-72-centos /usr/lib64]#
