微服务
我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解.
案例准备
技术选型
maven:3.3.9
**数据库:**MySQL 5.7
持久层:** SpingData Jpa
其他:SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈
模块设计
springcloud-alibaba 父工程
shop-common 公共模块【实体类】
shop-user 用户微服务 【端口: 8071】
shop-product 商品微服务 【端口: 8081】
shop-order 订单微服务 【端口: 8091】
微服务调用
在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来 演示微服务的调用:客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务 查询商品的信息。
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。
在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者， 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。
创建父工程
创建一个maven工程，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容
代码语言：javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>cn.maruifu</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF- 8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>版本对应：
创建基础模块
创建 shop-common 模块:
在pom.xml中添加依赖
代码语言：javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.maruifu</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.56</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>创建实体类
代码语言：javascript复制@Entity(name = "shop_user")
@Data
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer uid;//主键
private String username;//用户名
private String password;//密码
private String telephone;//手机号
}
//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer pid;//主键
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品价格
private Integer stock;//库存
}
//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long oid;//订单id
private Integer uid;//用户id
private String username;//用户名
}创建用户微服务
新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作
创建pom.xml
代码语言：javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.maruifu</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>编写主类
代码语言：javascript复制@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args);
}
}创建配置文件
代码语言：javascript复制server:
port: 8071
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect创建商品微服务
创建pom.xml
代码语言：javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.maruifu</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>编写主类
代码语言：javascript复制@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args);
}
}创建配置文件
代码语言：javascript复制server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect创建ProductDao接口
代码语言：javascript复制package com.itheima.dao;
public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}
复制代码创建ProductService类
代码语言：javascript复制package cn.maruifu.service.impl;
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductDao productDao;
@Override
public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
return productDao.findById(pid).get();
}
}
复制代码创建Controller
代码语言：javascript复制@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService;
@GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
log.info("查询到商品:" JSON.toJSONString(product));
return product;
}
}
复制代码启动工程
等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据
代码语言：javascript复制INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');通过浏览器访问服务
创建订单微服务
创建pom.xml
代码语言：javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.maruifu</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>编写主类
代码语言：javascript复制package cn.maruifu;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args); }
}创建配置文件
代码语言：javascript复制server:
port: 8091
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect创建OrderDao接口
代码语言：javascript复制package com.itheima.dao;
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}
复制代码创建OrderService类
代码语言：javascript复制@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Override
public void save(Order order) {
orderDao.save(order);
}
}6创建RestTemplate
代码语言：javascript复制@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}创建Controller
代码语言：javascript复制package com.itheima.controller;
@RestController @Slf4j public class OrderController {
@Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired private OrderService orderService;
//准备买1件商品
@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
"http://localhost:8081/product/" pid, Product.class);
log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" JSON.toJSONString(product));
Order order = new Order();
order.setUid(1);
order.setUsername("测试用户");
order.setPid(product.getPid());
order.setPname(product.getPname());
order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
order.setNumber(1);
orderService.save(order);
return order;
}
}浏览器访问服务进行测试
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