将一个新硬盘能够挂载到linux 系统上(开机自动挂载)

2021-02-05 11:43:27 浏览数 (1)

目标:将一个新硬盘能够挂载到linux 系统上(开机自动挂载)

第一步:查看当前系统磁盘挂载

​ 查看系统硬盘挂载情况: lsblk -f (老师不离开)

sda ├─sda1 ext4 7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c /boot ├─sda2 ext4 fe1d0eea-50ea-4d44-853b-1c39e5129021 / ├─sda3 ext4 df147f0a-efbd-4370-8e69-471b81a6ee7c /mnt/disk1 ├─sda4 ├─sda5 ext4 ea0d589d-a329-4bfc-a00b-11c00351765a /mnt/disk2 └─sda6 swap f306ece0-a790-41d7-b685-63585b8534e4 [SWAP]

sda : 表示当前系统有一个物理磁盘 sda
sda1 :第一个物理硬盘的第一个分区
ext4:这个分区的格式(linux 常用的格式)
7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c:表示这个分区的唯一标识(唯一ID)
/boot:表示这个分区挂在的目录

[SWAP] :交换分区

交换分区:当有大量数据需要写入内存,但内存不足时,剩余的数据将写入交换分区

​ 交换分区的说明:在大数据集群中安装集群之前将交换分区关闭掉。

fdisk -l

[root@node01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00040944

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 26 2637 20971520 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2637 3681 8386560 83 Linux /dev/sda4 3681 5222 12379136 5 Extended /dev/sda5 3681 4700 8183808 83 Linux /dev/sda6 4700 5222 4193280 82 Linux swap / Solaris

第二部:为虚拟机添加新的硬盘

​ 在 vm 虚拟机,右键-》设置 -》 硬盘-》添加 -》下一步。。。。

​ 重启linux 系统

​ 重新查看磁盘挂载情况

​[root@node01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00040944

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 26 2637 20971520 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2637 3681 8386560 83 Linux /dev/sda4 3681 5222 12379136 5 Extended /dev/sda5 3681 4700 8183808 83 Linux /dev/sda6 4700 5222 4193280 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sdb:表示全新的硬件(没有sdb1 sdb2,没有分区没有格式化)

第三步:对磁盘进行分区并格式化

查看新添加的分区

[root@node01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

对新磁盘进行分区

fdisk /dev/sdb

[root@node01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7a1242ed. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won’t be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to ​ switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to ​ sectors (command ‘u’).

Command (m for help): m(帮助)(n : 添加一个分区,d : 删除分区 w: 保存写入)

Command (m for help): n(添加分区) Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p(设置分区的类型) Partition number (1-4): 1(第一个分区) First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 1(第一个分区的起始位置) Last cylinder, cylinders or size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): 650(第一个分区的结束位置)

Command (m for help): n(添加分区) Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p(设置分区的类型) Partition number (1-4): 2(第二个分区) First cylinder (651-1305, default 651): (第二个分区的起始位置) Using default value 651 Last cylinder, cylinders or size{K,M,G} (651-1305, default 1305): (第二个分区的结束位置) Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): w(保存) The partition table has been altered!

查看新分区

[root@node01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7a1242ed

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 650 5221093 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 651 1305 5261287 83 Linux

对新分区进行格式化

​ mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

[root@node01 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 文件系统标签= 操作系统:Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 326400 inodes, 1305273 blocks 65263 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1337982976 40 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8160 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: ​ 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or

格式完毕后 磁盘会分配UUID

[root@node01 ~]# lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT sdb ├─sdb1 ext4 10023089-17e3-4dbf-af6a-447b7e2011d2 └─sdb2

第四步:硬盘的挂载

前提:挂载的目录必须已经存在

mkdir /mnt/disk3

mkdir /mnt/disk4

挂载磁盘方法1

​ mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk3

​ mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/disk4

​ 取消挂载:umount /mnt/disk4

[root@node01 mnt]# lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT sdb ├─sdb1 ext4 10023089-17e3-4dbf-af6a-447b7e2011d2 /mnt/disk3 └─sdb2 ext4 21d817f4-a13d-42dd-992b-591bc8ea1994 /mnt/disk4 sda ├─sda1 ext4 7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c /boot ├─sda2 ext4 fe1d0eea-50ea-4d44-853b-1c39e5129021 / ├─sda3 ext4 df147f0a-efbd-4370-8e69-471b81a6ee7c /mnt/disk1 ├─sda4 ├─sda5 ext4 ea0d589d-a329-4bfc-a00b-11c00351765a /mnt/disk2 └─sda6 swap f306ece0-a790-41d7-b685-63585b8534e4 [SWAP]

或者

[root@node01 mnt]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 20G 2.1G 17G 12% / tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 40M 141M 22% /boot /dev/sda3 7.8G 18M 7.4G 1% /mnt/disk1 /dev/sda5 7.6G 18M 7.2G 1% /mnt/disk2 /dev/sdb1 4.8G 10M 4.6G 1% /mnt/disk3 /dev/sdb2 4.9G 11M 4.6G 1% /mnt/disk4

挂载磁盘方法2

​ 开机自动挂载

​ 修改/etc/fstab 文件,在文件中添加自动挂载配置

UUID=fe1d0eea-50ea-4d44-853b-1c39e5129021 / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=df147f0a-efbd-4370-8e69-471b81a6ee7c /mnt/disk1 ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=ea0d589d-a329-4bfc-a00b-11c00351765a /mnt/disk2 ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=10023089-17e3-4dbf-af6a-447b7e2011d2 /mnt/disk3 ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=21d817f4-a13d-42dd-992b-591bc8ea1994 /mnt/disk4 ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=f306ece0-a790-41d7-b685-63585b8534e4 swap swap defaults 0 0

保存退出

重新挂载系统内所有的硬盘

​ mount -a

[root@node01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 20G 2.1G 17G 12% / tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 40M 141M 22% /boot /dev/sda3 7.8G 18M 7.4G 1% /mnt/disk1 /dev/sda5 7.6G 18M 7.2G 1% /mnt/disk2 /dev/sdb1 4.8G 10M 4.6G 1% /mnt/disk3 /dev/sdb2 4.9G 11M 4.6G 1% /mnt/disk4

20191016

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