一、概述
在项目中，需要使用websocket，来展示一些实时信息。
这里使用django 3.1.5
二、django项目
安装模块
代码语言：javascript复制pip3 install django-cors-headers channels新建项目websocket_demo
修改websocket_demo/asgi.py
代码语言：javascript复制import os
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
# Import other Channels classes and consumers here.
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
# from apps.websocket_app.urls import websocket_urlpatterns
from websocket_demo.urls import websocket_urlpatterns
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'websocket_demo.settings')
# application = get_asgi_application()
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
# Explicitly set 'http' key using Django's ASGI application.
"http": get_asgi_application(),
'websocket': AuthMiddlewareStack(
URLRouter(
websocket_urlpatterns
)
),
})修改websocket_demo/settings.py
注册corsheaders和channels，corsheaders主要是用来解决跨域问题的。
代码语言：javascript复制INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'api.apps.ApiConfig',
'corsheaders', # 注册应用cors
'channels'
]注册中间件
代码语言：javascript复制MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware', # 注册组件cors
]最后一行增加以下内容
代码语言：javascript复制# 跨域增加忽略
CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = True
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = (
'GET',
'OPTIONS',
'PATCH',
'POST',
'VIEW',
)
CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
'XMLHttpRequest',
'X_FILENAME',
'accept-encoding',
'authorization',
'content-type',
'dnt',
'origin',
'user-agent',
'x-csrftoken',
'x-requested-with',
'Pragma',
)
# 指定ASGI的路由地址
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'websocket_demo.asgi.application'注意：ASGI是用来做异步请求的。
websocket_demo.asgi.application 表示，websocket_demo/asgi.py里面的application
修改websocket_demo/urls.py
增加websocket路由
代码语言：javascript复制from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from api.views import ChatConsumer
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
websocket_urlpatterns = [
# 前端请求websocket连接
path('wx/', ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]修改api/views.py
代码语言：javascript复制from django.shortcuts import render
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
import json
import time
# Create your views here.
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
def connect(self):
self.accept()
def disconnect(self, close_code):
pass
def receive(self, text_data):
"""
接收消息
:param text_data: 客户端发送的消息
:return:
"""
print(text_data)
poetryList = [
"云想衣裳花想容",
"春风拂槛露华浓",
"若非群玉山头见",
"会向瑶台月下逢",
]
for i in poetryList:
time.sleep(0.5)
self.send(i)说明：
这里主要介绍receive，它是用来接收/发送消息的。即可以接收客户端，也就是vue发送的消息。也可以发送消息给客户端。
最后启动django项目即可
三、vue项目
新建一个vue项目，安装ElementUI 模块即可。
新建test.vue
代码语言：javascript复制<template>
<div style="width: 70%;margin-left: 30px;margin-top: 30px;">
<el-table
:data="content"
style="width: 100%;">
<el-table-column
prop="info"
label="实时执行日志"
>
</el-table-column>
</el-table>
<br>
<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubumit">提交</el-button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
content:[],
}
},
mounted: function() {
},
methods: {
onSubumit(){
// 清空消息
this.content = []
// 执行webSocket
this.webSocket()
},
webSocket() {
const _this = this;
if (typeof (WebSocket) == 'undefined') {
this.$notify({
title: '提示',
message: '当前浏览器无法接收实时报警信息，请使用谷歌浏览器！',
type: 'warning',
duration: 0
});
} else {
// 实例化socket
const socketUrl = 'ws://127.0.0.1:8000/wx/';
this.socket = new WebSocket(socketUrl);
// 监听socket打开
this.socket.onopen = function() {
console.log('浏览器WebSocket已打开');
//发送字符:
_this.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
'username': "xiao",
'msg': "hello",
}));
};
// 监听socket消息接收
this.socket.onmessage = function(msg) {
// 追加到内容显示列表中
_this.content.push({"info":msg.data})
};
// 监听socket错误
this.socket.onerror = function() {
_this.$notify({
title: '错误',
message: '服务器错误，无法接收实时报警信息',
type: 'error',
duration: 0
});
};
// 监听socket关闭
this.socket.onclose = function() {
console.log('WebSocket已关闭');
}
}
},
}
}
</script>
<style>
</style>访问测试页面
点击提交，效果如下：
本文参考链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16687863/article/details/112340769
