文章目录
利用python爬虫抓取B站视频弹幕数据保存到txt，并绘制词云。
视频链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1zE411Y7JY
一、分析网页
点击弹幕列表，查看历史弹幕，并选择任意一天的历史弹幕，此时就能找到存储该日期弹幕的ajax数据包，所有弹幕数据放在一个i标签里。
查看请求的相关信息
可以发现Request URL关键就是 oid 和 date 两个参数，date很明显是日期，换日期可以实现翻页爬取弹幕，oid应该是视频标识之类的东西，换个oid可以访问其他视频弹幕页面。
二、获取弹幕数据
本文爬取该视频1月1日到今天8月6日的历史弹幕数据，构造出时间序列：
代码语言：txt复制import pandas as pd
start = '20200101'
end = '20200806'
# 生成时间序列
date_list = [x for x in pd.date_range(start, end).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')]
print(date_list)运行结果如下：
代码语言：txt复制['2020-01-01', '2020-01-02', '2020-01-03', '2020-01-04', '2020-01-05', '2020-01-06', ... '2020-08-06']
Process finished with exit code 0爬虫代码如下：
代码语言：txt复制import requests
import pandas as pd
import re
import time
import random
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
import datetime
user_agent = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]
start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
def Grab_barrage(date):
headers = {
"sec-fetch-dest": "empty",
"sec-fetch-mode": "cors",
"sec-fetch-site": "same-site",
"origin": "https://www.bilibili.com",
"referer": "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Z5411Y7or?from=search&seid=8575656932289970537",
"cookie": "_uuid=0EBFC9C8-19C3-66CC-4C2B-6A5D8003261093748infoc; buvid3=4169BA78-DEBD-44E2-9780-B790212CCE76155837infoc; sid=ae7q4ujj; DedeUserID=501048197; DedeUserID__ckMd5=1d04317f8f8f1021; SESSDATA=e05321c1,1607514515,52633*61; bili_jct=98edef7bf9e5f2af6fb39b7f5140474a; CURRENT_FNVAL=16; rpdid=|(JJmlY|YukR0J'ulmumY~u~m; LIVE_BUVID=AUTO4315952457375679; CURRENT_QUALITY=80; bp_video_offset_501048197=417696779406748720; bp_t_offset_501048197=417696779406748720; PVID=2",
"user-agent": random.choice(user_agent),
}
params = {
'type': 1,
'oid': '128777652',
'date': date
}
response = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers)
# print(response.encoding)
response.encoding = 'utf-8'
# print(response.text)
comment = re.findall('<d p=".*?">(.*?)</d>', response.text)
# print(comment)
with open('barrages.txt', 'a ') as f:
for con in comment:
f.write(con 'n')
time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))
def main():
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:
executor.map(Grab_barrage, date_list)
delta = (datetime.datetime.now() - start_time).total_seconds()
print(f'用时：{delta}s')
if __name__ == '__main__':
url = "https://api.bilibili.com/x/v2/dm/history"
start = '20200101'
end = '20200806'
# 生成时间序列
date_list = [x for x in pd.date_range(start, end).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')]
count = 0
main()程序运行，成功爬取下弹幕数据并保存到txt。
代码语言：txt复制用时：32.040222s
Process finished with exit code 0三、绘制词云图
1. 读取txt中弹幕数据
代码语言：txt复制with open('barrages.txt') as f:
data = f.readlines()
print(f'弹幕数据：{len(data)}条')运行结果如下：
代码语言：txt复制弹幕数据：52708条
Process finished with exit code 02. Pyecharts 绘制词云
代码语言：txt复制import jieba
import collections
import re
from pyecharts.charts import WordCloud
from pyecharts.globals import SymbolType
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType, CurrentConfig
CurrentConfig.ONLINE_HOST = 'D:/python/pyecharts-assets-master/assets/'
with open('barrages.txt') as f:
data = f.read()
# 文本预处理 去除一些无用的字符 只提取出中文出来
new_data = re.findall('[u4e00-u9fa5] ', data, re.S) # 只要字符串中的中文
new_data = " ".join(new_data)
# 文本分词--精确模式分词
seg_list_exact = jieba.cut(new_data, cut_all=True)
result_list = []
with open('stop_words.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
con = f.readlines()
stop_words = set()
for i in con:
i = i.replace("n", "") # 去掉读取每一行数据的n
stop_words.add(i)
for word in seg_list_exact:
# 设置停用词并去除单个词
if word not in stop_words and len(word) > 1:
result_list.append(word)
print(result_list)
# 筛选后统计
word_counts = collections.Counter(result_list)
# 获取前100最高频的词
word_counts_top100 = word_counts.most_common(100)
# 可以打印出来看看统计的词频
print(word_counts_top100)
word1 = WordCloud(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1350px', height='750px', theme=ThemeType.MACARONS))
word1.add('词频', data_pair=word_counts_top100,
word_size_range=[15, 108], textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_family='cursive'),
shape=SymbolType.DIAMOND)
word1.set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts('弹幕词云图'),
toolbox_opts=opts.ToolboxOpts(is_show=True, orient='vertical'),
tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=True, background_color='red', border_color='yellow'))
# 渲染在html页面上
word1.render("弹幕词云图.html")运行效果如下：
3. stylecloud 绘制词云
代码语言：txt复制from stylecloud import gen_stylecloud
import jieba
import re
# 读取数据
with open('barrages.txt') as f:
data = f.read()
# 文本预处理 去除一些无用的字符 只提取出中文出来
new_data = re.findall('[u4e00-u9fa5] ', data, re.S)
new_data = " ".join(new_data)
# 文本分词
seg_list_exact = jieba.cut(new_data, cut_all=False)
result_list = []
with open('stop_words.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
con = f.readlines()
stop_words = set()
for i in con:
i = i.replace("n", "") # 去掉读取每一行数据的n
stop_words.add(i)
for word in seg_list_exact:
# 设置停用词并去除单个词
if word not in stop_words and len(word) > 1:
result_list.append(word)
print(result_list)
gen_stylecloud(
text=' '.join(result_list),
size=600,
collocations=False,
font_path=r'C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc',
output_name='词云图.png',
icon_name='fas fa-apple-alt',
palette='cartocolors.qualitative.Bold_5'
)运行效果如下：
作者：叶庭云 微信公众号：修炼Python CSDN：https://yetingyun.blog.csdn.net/ 本文仅用于交流学习，未经作者允许，禁止转载，更勿做其他用途，违者必究。 觉得文章对你有帮助、让你有所收获的话，期待你的点赞呀，不足之处，也可以在评论区多多指正。
