【温馨提示】:本文篇幅较长,若为您阅读带来不适,请根据导航目录按需阅读!:)
1、BootStrap概述
BootStrap是一个前端开发的框架,Bootstrap是美国Twitter公司的设计师Mark Otto和Jacob Thornton合作基于HTML、CSS、JavaScript 开发的简洁、直观、强悍的前端开发框架,使得 Web 开发更加快捷。
所谓的框架,是一个半成品软件。利用Web开发的基础知识,我们也可以做出丰富的网站B/S架构程序,但是仅利用基础知识做的话,工作量会很大。所以,慢慢的就有人利用基础知识封装下,提供了jar包,我们借助其可以快速进行开发,这样的jar包就是框架。
使用BootStrap框架的好处:
- 定义了很多css样式和js插件,开发人员直接可以使用这些样式和插件得到丰富的页面效果;
- 响应式布局,同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备;
2、BootStrap的快速入门
快速入门的基本步骤:
- 1)下载Bootstrap:https://v3.bootcss.com/getting-started/#download
- 2)在项目中将这三个文件夹复制到工程;
- 3)创建html页面,引入必要的资源文件,一下为Bootstrap的基本模板页面:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap hello world</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>你好,世界!</h1>
</body>
</html>
3、BootStrap栅格系统
响应式布局,是同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备,它的实现主要依赖于栅格系统,将一行平均分为12个格子,可以指定元素占几个格子,实现步骤:
- 1)定义容器,相当于之前的table; 容器分类:1、container:两边有留白 2、container-fluid:每一种设备都是100%宽度
- 2)定义行,相当于之前的tr,样式:row
- 3)定义元素,指定该元素在不同设备上,所占的格子数目。样式:col-设备代号-格子数目 设备代号:1、xs,超小屏幕,手机(<768px):col-xs-12 2、sm,小屏幕,平板(>768px) 3、md,中等屏幕,桌面显示器(>992px) 4、lg,大屏幕,大桌面显示器(>1200px)
注意事项:1、一行中格子数目超过12,则超出部分自动换行; 2、栅格类属性可以向上兼容,栅格类适用于屏幕宽度大于或等于分界点大小的设备; 3、如果真实设备宽度小于了设置栅格类属性的设备代码的最小值,会一个元素占满一整行。
【举例】:栅格系统使用示例,在大屏幕上一行显示12个格子,在平板上一行显示6个格子
代码语言:javascript复制<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap hello world</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.inner{
border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 1.定义容器-->
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- //2.定义行-->
<div class="row">
<!-- 3.定义元素
在大显示器上一行12个格子
在pad上一行6个格子
-->
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
4、全局CSS样式、组件、插件
我们学习下比较常用的全局CSS样式、组件、插件,代码不需要自己写,若官方提供 的合适话,直接拿来用即可,要学会看官方文档说明。
1)全局CSS样式:
1、按钮:class="btn btn-default" 2、图片:尺寸 class="img-responsive",表示图片在任意尺寸都占100% 形状 class="img-rounded"、class="img-circle"、"img-thumbnail"
代码语言:javascript复制<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap hello world</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
<br>
<!-- Standard button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">(默认样式)Default</button>
<!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">(首选项)Primary</button>
<!-- Indicates a successful or positive action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">(成功)Success</button>
<!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">(一般信息)Info</button>
<!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">(警告)Warning</button>
<!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">(危险)Danger</button>
<!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">(链接)Link</button>
<hr>
<img src="image/7演示图片.jpg" class="img-responsive img-thumbnail">
</body>
</html>
3、表格:样式有table、table-hover、table-bordered,需要的查看文档 4、表单:给表单项添加:class="form-control"
代码语言:javascript复制<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>Bootstrap hello world</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-striped">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>001</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>002</td>
<td>李四</td>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr>
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
2)组件
主要说下 导航条和分页条,案例代码如下,编写网站界面时完全可以直接拿来用,需要什么功能查看文档即可,若不清某一块楚代码的功能,先注释掉,再查看变化即可确认功能。
代码语言:javascript复制<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>组件-导航条</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<!--定义汉堡按钮-->
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首页</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li class="disabled">
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="active"><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
3)插件:轮播图
只要会换图片,设置轮播间隔属性等 就可以~使用很简单:
代码语言:javascript复制<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>组件-导航条</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="2000">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="image/6模糊背景.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/7演示图片.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="image/8演示图片.jpg" alt="...">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
5、旅游网官网案例实战
代码如下,需要资源的从我上传的资源文件中获取:
代码语言:javascript复制<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<!--指定为中文-中国-->
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>旅游网</title>
<!--导入bootstrap框架-->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="css/index.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.padd-top{
padding-top: 10px;
}
.search_input{
border: 2px solid #ffc900;
width: 400px;
height: 35px;
padding-left: 5px;
margin-top: 15px;
float: left;
}
.search_button{
border: 1px solid #ffc900;
width: 90px;
height: 35px;
background: #ffc900;
text-align: center;
line-height: 35px;
margin-top: 15px;
float: left;
}
.jx{
border-bottom: 2px solid #ffc900;
padding: 5px;
}
.company{
height: 40px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 40px;
font-size: 12px;
background: #ffc900;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--页眉部分-->
<header class="container-fluid">
<!--第一行-->
<div class="row">
<img src="img/top_banner.jpg" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<!--第二行-->
<div class="row padd-top">
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/logo.png" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="col-md-5">
<input class="search_input" type="text" placeholder="请输入线路名称">
<a class="search_button" href="#">搜索</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3" >
<img src="img/hotel_tel.png" class="img-responsive">
</div>
</div>
<!--第三行 导航条-->
<div class="row">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- 指定商标和开关的样式,让它在手机上更好的显示-->
<div class="navbar-header">
<!--开关按钮-->
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" style="color: white"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首页</a>
</div>
<!-- 下拉菜单,表单等-->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">JavaEE <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</div>
<!--第四行:轮播图-->
<div class="row">
<div id="carousel-example-generic" data-interval="2000" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- 中间的小圆点 -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- 包含图片 -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<!--每个div是一张图片-->
<div class="item active">
<img src="img/banner_1.jpg">
<div class="carousel-caption">
<!-- 弓箭手-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
<!-- 我是歌手-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
<!-- 花木兰-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 控制按钮 -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!--主体部分-->
<div class="container">
<!--旅游精选-->
<div class="row jx">
<img src="img/icon_5.jpg">
<span> 旅游精选 </span>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<font color="red"> ¥ 888</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥ 888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥ 888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥ 888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="jx">
<img src="img/icon_6.jpg">
国内游
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/guonei_1.jpg" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/jiangxuan_1.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<p>上海直飞三亚5天4晚自由行(春节预售 亲子/蜜月/休闲游首选 豪华酒店任选 接送机)</p>
<span style="color: red">¥888</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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